News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
Aug. 29
In a report last spring bemoaning the fact that about a quarter of community colleges chose not to participate in the federal student loan programs, the Project on Student Debt cited two main reasons why that’s the case: college officials’ desire to shield students at their low-tuition institutions from the burden of debt, and concerns that large proportions of students might default on the loans, endangering the institutions’ eligibility for federal grant and other financial aid for all students.
The Project on Student Debt’s report, which expressed concern that students at some two-year institutions may be turning to private loans and credit cards because their institutions choose not to seek federal loans, made clear that few if any two-year colleges would ever actually be susceptible to losing federal financial aid for their students’ cohort default rates. That’s because government policies exempt from such penalties institutions at which relatively small proportions of students take out federal loans. Since community college tuitions are relatively low and large numbers of their students qualify for Pell Grants and other federal grants, most two-year institutions could avoid any penalties for having high default rates.
Despite that fact, many two-year colleges are wary nonetheless that high default rates could be used against them in other ways — particularly by local newspaper reporters, says Debbie Frankle Cochrane, a research analyst at the Project on Student Debt. “Even though there’s really nothing to be afraid of, in terms of losing aid, default rates are also used by local reporters for measuring how well a school is meeting the needs of its students,” says Cochrane. A community college might get dinged for having a high default rate based on a relative handful of borrowers, she said, “and a lot of colleges are afraid of the bad publicity.”
To combat that problem, the student debt group’s parent organization, the Institute for College Access and Success, and the American Association of Community Colleges have, in separate letters advocating slightly different approaches, urged the U.S. Education Department to alter the way it calculates and reports cohort default rates so that two-year institutions with high rates but relatively few federal borrowers are clearly identified. “[W]hen the cohort default rates are publicly released, they grab newspaper headlines and often cast institutions in a harsh light,” George R. Boggs, president and CEO of the community college association, said in his August 26 letter to Secretary Margaret Spellings. “[L]ittle distinction is made between institutions where loans are a rarity and those where virtually all students borrow.”
Such a distinction would be easy to create, the groups say. “When the department releases the cohort default rates next month and in future years, simply denote those colleges that have low proportions of students who borrow,” Robert Shireman, president of the Institute for College Access and Success, wrote in his group’s letter to Spellings. “This could be accomplished by marking the default rates of these colleges with an asterisk, or by publishing a separate list of colleges that fall below the participation rate threshold” in the law.
Although they don’t say so directly, the change requested by two groups seems designed to distinguish two-year colleges from other colleges with high default rates where significant numbers of students borrow. Those include some historically black and other minority-serving institutions, which tend to educate large numbers of low-income students, and especially for-profit career colleges, for whom the default rate standard was initially established in the early 1990s, as a loose proxy for the quality of the institutions.
Harris N. Miller, president of the Career College Association, said he did not see the letters as “an attack on our sector.” But he questioned whether the “tweak” that the groups were suggesting in how default rates are presented was really the best way to fix what he called the larger problem: the government’s dependence on the cohort default rate “as a means of judging institutional quality.” (Boggs’s letter to Spellings notes that “[m]any of our members do not believe that default rates are ever an indicator of institutional quality or performance.")
Miller’s group successfully fought an amendment to House legislation to renew the Higher Education Act that would probably have subjected many more colleges (including some community colleges) to penalties for having high default rates, and Miller said in an e-mail that the career college association was “extremely disappointed (shocked, really)” that the community college association had not joined it in opposition. “An asterisk, which is what they are requesting, does not get their institutions or their students much. Getting rid of a wrong headed metric does,” he added.
Officials at several community colleges that do not participate in the federal loan program said Thursday that they were not familiar enough with the two groups’ proposals to comment on whether the change they were proposing would entice them to start seeking federal loans for their students. But Jerri P. Haigler, assistant to the president for community relations and public affairs at Central Piedmont Community College, in North Carolina, said concerns about default rates had little to do with her institution’s longstanding policy of not participating in loan programs. “We just prefer not to encourage our students to take on debt,” she said simply.
Cindy Keller, coordinator of financial aid at Virginia’s Patrick Henry Community College, said concerns about default rates had been among the factors that led the two-year institution to abandon the federal loan program in the 1989-90 academic year. But “there really hasn’t been a demand for student loans at PHCC due to the cost of attendance being relatively low and the availability of grants (federal, state, and institutional) for our studentsm” she said in an e-mail message. The change that the AACC and the Project on Student Debt are suggesting, she said, “would not be an influencing factor for us to re-enter the Title IV loan program.”
A spokeswoman for the Education Department, Samara Yudof, said the department had received the letters from the community college and student debt groups and is reviewing their proposals.
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“Since community college tuitions are relatively low and large numbers of their students qualify for Pell Grants and other federal grants, most two-year institutions could avoid any penalties for having high default rates.”
These folks, who are essentially arguing for students to INCREASE their debt, miss the point. Those institutions which have elected not to push student debt down their students throats are focused on the penalties to students, not themselves.
A default is still a penalty for the STUDENT even if the school will not suffer the consequences! How irresponsible!
Are the people at the PSD so dull that they think that the FAO’s at these schools are not aware of the federal regs which protect schools from the skewed math of a small sample? It was the FAO’s at those schools that were effected that argued for the change to the law in the first place for gods sake so that each institution could assess their own situation and make an institutional choice. One size does NOT fit all PSD.
The point is that they may have a small volume loan portfolio’s now, but from experience I can tell you that loan portfolio’s grow and take on a life of their own. Loan volume does NOT decline over time, unless you are one of the elite endowed colleges which can essentially pay it off.
Not an option for CC’s.
Community Colleges have their own intrinsic, strategic value, i.e. students walk away with a solid education AND very little debt. The PSD wants them to give up their strategic advantage for a short term benefit. How shortsighted and wrongheaded can they be?
Hey PSD wonks, why don’t you spend your time doing something useful...like advocating an increase to Pell grants and work-study!
R.F., at 9:25 am EDT on August 29, 2008
The cohort default rates as currently calculated (and switftly covered by the local media as a way of embarrassing colleges and doing their own sub-USNWR rankings) compare apples to kumquats. At my school of 12,000, fewer than 10% of the students actually borrow. Just a few dozen defaulters will make us look as though we’re providing a subpar education and that the Financial Aid staff is too lazy and unconcerned to do anything about defaults because we’re above the national average, when in fact, it means that fewer than one half of 1% of our students are loan defaulters. Elsewhere, 95% of the students borrow, but the cohort rates will be expressed the same way.
I agree that schools who elect not to participate (as opposed to those forced out by misleading default rates) are doing their students a disservice. But let’s not forget that lenders — who now select which schools they do business with much the same way insurance companies decide what treatments and medications to cover — aren’t helping any. No sooner did we have to revise our lender list thanks to some of our most popular lenders deciding that community colleges were bad business that new banks we replaced them with dropped us because — in a Catch 22 — our students hadn’t borrowed enough from them in the past.
Schools now face a variety of statutes, regulations, state codes of conduct and public scrutiny about our preferred lender lists. Meanwhile, banks have silently back-doored a new process of preferred college lists with no laws or regulations whatsoever.
DS, at 10:05 am EDT on August 29, 2008
“Community colleges who refuse to allow federal loans to be part of their students’ financial aid package are displaying their usual lack of concern for their clients.”
You bias is showing. If you make the assertion give evidence please.
“When it comes to making college financial decisions, these two year schools offer no help to their students. They are left on their own to use high interest credit cards and payday loans to make up their tuition gaps.”
First, they help by not adding to students unnecessary debt, which if as you assert they are not helping these students, I would wonder at your conclusion that more is better.
Second, if you assert that no CC’s give their student’s any help...again you need some evidence.
Third, cite your research that shows what percentage of total credit card debt is attributable to tuition and what percentage of the total it represents. Then show how much of the attributed debt was paid off the following month by the students own funds or by refunded Pell grants, FSEOG, ACG, State grant, Institutional grants and scholarships. Or how many were paid off at the end of the semester by employer tuition reimbursement. Give the average interest rate for each and how much interest was paid.
If you assume credit cards are always bad prove it!
“How can that be a better option than using a fixed 6% loan that offers deferment, forbearance and consolidation features?”
These features have not helped those who have defaulted despite them. Further, Student loans are not dischargeable under bankruptcy...while credit card debt is!
Also, some of us remember fixed %10 Stafford loans...
BTW, consolidation is no longer a gimme.
“Rather than changing the reporting formulas, the U.S. government would do better to mandate that all federal aid options be available to all U.S. college students.”
I might agree...if the feds mandate that all schools currently not participating in campus based programs (FWS/Perkins/FSEOG)were incentivized to participate first, but I would not hold my breath for the massive increase in those funds necessary to do so.
If student loan debt is such an overwhelming problem at public/private 4 year and for-profit schools, then I fail to see how forceing community colleges to be like them is a positive.
R.F., at 12:40 pm EDT on August 29, 2008
R.F. says “Community Colleges have their own intrinsic, strategic value, i.e. students walk away with a solid education AND very little debt.” That’s true for some, but many more students just plain walk away, often because of competing school and financial pressures. Grant aid is the best answer, and we press for that both in California and nationally. But when grant aid is insufficient, it doesn’t make sense to leave students with no options other than dropping out or (maybe) a credit card.
Bob Shireman, President at The Institute for College Access & Success, at 7:15 pm EDT on August 29, 2008
I am one of the couple thousand lender reps that are now without a job thanks to all this political BS. Please tell me how all this “poor students” “bad banks” has done one thing for the students. Why is it okay for the Democratic party going on right now that they are sitting down to filet, lobster, prawn dinners being paid by private interest groups to get laws they want, or don’t want in place, ok? They had a dinner last night for all who gave more than $100k this year to the party. We are talking about laws that help the big boys and leave us to foot the bill. Now for all those at the top of the lender chain making millions, lets say there were less than 100 making the real big bucks, the rest of us making a normal paycheck like you are now left without a job in a dead economy. AND not one student has yet to reap benefits from this nor NOT one student has been found to have been harmed. Why didn’t they really fix the problem. How about a student loan company can only make x amount of dollars of profit and then it has to go into scholarhip programs etc. Like a casino where they have to put in a certain percent of winning based on the number of placed. One more thing, the reasons banks had to pull away from some schools is that with the changes made, a lender is in the hole if a loan is less than $6000. At the point the loan is requested by the borrower, the lender would make $1.20. Now after they pay the people for their work on that loan, they pay the bank for the wire of the funds, they borrow the money to even disburse the loan, they are way in the hole on that $6000 loan. Lenders had no choice but to pull certain schools. No one can operate business under those conditions. Your school would no longer exist if they operated that way and then you would be without a job. So while Kennedy, Cuomo dined on lobster last night paid for by some huge company with an agenda, I was trying to figure out how to pay my house payment, car payment and feed my two children with the $1500 a month I am getting in my unemployment. NOW, SCHOOLS DON’T KNOW WHAT THEY ARE GOING TO DO AND STUDENTS CAN’T GO BACK TO SCHOOL BECAUSE THEY CAN NO LONGER GET THE FUNDING THEY NEED. I JUST DO NOT SEE WHAT THE HECK MR CUOMO DID THAT IS SO GREAT.
D Williams, at 7:20 am EDT on August 30, 2008
“That’s true for some, but many more students just plain walk away, often because of competing school and financial pressures.”
Bob, I will agree to disagree that it is true for “most, but not for some". More debt is not the answer for those with “competing school and financial pressures". Those who walk away did so for a variety of factors, but not because they were eager to increase their debt load and could not.
R.F., at 1:30 pm EDT on August 30, 2008
I read through this article after doing a search for student loan default rates on Google during the course of personal research. Because of the ongoing credit crunch, I was curious to see the state of affairs for students who got in over their heads during the past decade or so.
“Are students overburdened with debt like the American consumer?” I wondered.
After reading the comments, I see all kinds of programs out there are/were available for students of all stripes. What I don’t see, however, is an analysis of what access to these types of funds actually has on the cost of education.
In a free market, easy money inevitably leads to price inflation. Initially, access to funding for all gives more people an opportunity to get a higher education, and appears to be beneficial, but the long-term ramifications are higher prices and increasing personal debt. Eventually, the house of cards comes crashing down.
I believe the community college approach of not participating in these programs to be a very wise and prescient move. The ongoing credit crunch will inevitably lead to lower tuitions at private institutions since the ballooning cost of education was directly connected to the easy availability of money. With all of those doors closing, maybe things will finally come into balance.
I long for the days when one could take on a job and work to pay for one’s education without mortgaging the house; burdening one’s parents; and afterwards living for decades with the curse of student loans over one’s head.
Student loan programs are a symptom of the new American way: Spend money one doesn’t have by placing a best-guess future value on something one doesn’t own based on the monthly payment instead of the loan amount. We know this approach fails in the stock market; it falters in the real estate market; yet we somehow expect it to work for the way one values one’s education and the debt one’s willing to assume in order to get it?
I would venture to guess that the current cost of a higher education is not what the market price is now dictating. But that is quickly starting to change...
Phil Steinschneider, at 10:25 am EDT on September 9, 2008
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Community colleges who refuse to allow federal loans to be part of their students’ financial aid package are displaying their usual lack of concern for their clients.
When it comes to making college financial decisions, these two year schools offer no help to their students. They are left on their own to use high interest credit cards and payday loans to make up their tuition gaps.
How can that be a better option than using a fixed 6% loan that offers deferment, forbearance and consolidation features?
Rather than changing the reporting formulas, the U.S. government would do better to mandate that all federal aid options be available to all U.S. college students.
collegeloanconsultant, at 9:15 am EDT on August 29, 2008