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There Is Nothing Outside the Txt

It says something about the phenomenon analyzed in David Crystal’s new book Txtng: The Gr8 Db8 (Oxford University Press) that the very title will tend to divide readers into two camps. One will be amused. The other will be disgusted.

Intellectual Affairs

The visceral reaction is more interesting to think about, in some ways – for disgust suggests that some boundary has been breached, some norm transgressed. We hear fewer warnings than we once did about texting and instant messaging – how they are destroying the English language, turning young people into semi-literate barbarians, and otherwise hastening the decline of civilization. But that doesn’t mean the sentiment itself is gone. It’s just difficult to come up with new ways to express curmudgeonliness.

And anyway, the cause is lost. According to one estimate cited by Crystal, some 158 billion text messages were sent in the United States in 2006 – almost twice as many as the previous year. As of the middle of this decade, roughly one trillion such messages per year are being sent worldwide. Text messaging has emerged as a growth industry, at one point generating more than three times the revenue of all Hollywood box office receipts. That rate of expansion is bound to decline. But it has established an array of abbreviations, contractions, emoticons and orthographic mutations – all made useful, if not inescapable, by the need to stay succinct while texting, given the size of the screen. IMHO. omg! LOL!

It can’t be helped. And as for Crystal – an honorary professor of linguistics at the University of Wales at Bangor and editor of the Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, among other works – he does not complain. In his latest book, he makes the argument that the idiolect of texting is not just a response to the limitations of the medium but the product of basic, ordinary processes found in other forms of communication.

The most obvious case is initialism – with AWOL, ASAP, and SNAFU, for example, having long since become so commonplaces that practically replace the phrases they condense. E-mail revitalized the practice with expressions such as IMHO (in my humble opinion) and ROTFL (“rolling on the floor laughing”). Since then, texting and instant-messaging have turned initialism into a kind of competitive sport – with someone coining ROTFLMAOWTIME (“rolling on the floor laughing my ass off with tears in my eyes”).

Also familiar from pre-digital times is the habit of shortening words. Crystal cites a dictionary of common abbreviations from 1942 listing such text-message-like usages as amt (amount), agn (again), and wd (would). Mashing together letters and numbers to create phonetic shorthand (“before” as b4) is an example of the logogram, related to conjunctions of characters found in languages such as Chinese. It is also akin to the old puzzle form known as the rebus.

Beyond its utilitarian value of permitting users to say as much as they can in as few keystrokes as possible (which also means saving money) the language of texting is a manifestation of “the human ludic temperament,” as Crystal puts it. That is, it is a form of play: something closely associated with the process of learning to use language itself. Pace the alarms occasionally raised about how texting undermines literacy, Crystal cites recent studies showing that pre-teen students who text had standard language skills equal to or better than those of non-texters.

“Teenage texters are not stupid,” says Crystal. But what they lack is a sense of “the consequences of what they are doing, in the eyes of society as a whole.... They need to know when textisms are effective and when they are not. They need to appreciate the range of social reactions which texting, in its various forms, can elicit. This knowledge is slowly acquired from parents, peers, text etiquette websites, and (in the narrow sense) teachers. Teenagers have to learn to manage tis new behavior, as indeed do we all. For one thing is certain: texting is not going to go away in the foreseeable future.”

It is also, at this point, a cross-cultural phenomenon. Crystal includes a set of tables showing the textisms used in a dozen languages. Chances are this will not be the last book on the subject by a linguist. As long as none of them is actually written in txt-ese, I guess I can live with that thought.

Scott McLemee writes Intellectual Affairs each week. He also blogs at Quick Study.

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Comments

I think Max Planck put it well...

“New scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it.”

We may not be talking about “new scientific truth” but you get the idea. (I guess I am one of the amused)

Anonymous, at 7:00 am EDT on October 15, 2008

One will be amused. The other will be disgusted.

More precisely: one will be amused, the other will have no idea what it says.;)

texting is not going to go away in the foreseeable future

No, but with the rise of handheld devices that have full keyboards, there is a chance that shortcuts will become less common. (Then again, with the increase in prices charged for messaging, the incentive to keep things short remains.)

EH, at 7:30 am EDT on October 15, 2008

Texting

I’ve found that since I switched to an iPhone, I use fewer abbreviations because they’re often ‘changed’ by the text editor. My texting now is more like conventional typing.

Kit Keller, at 8:15 am EDT on October 15, 2008

Interesting project for the historian, IMHO.

I think it would be interesting for historians of the 19th century to chime in on this, since I can only imagine the abbreviations developed on-the-fly in another txt-lim. medium, i.e. telegraphy. Early senders of telegrams were under the same constraints vis a vis space and $$$. I would love to see what *their* txt’g looked like in the 19th cn, compared alongside today. Though the words being abbreviated might be different, the style and intent might bring one a sense of deja vu.

JJR, Librarian I at Texas Woman’s University, at 9:20 am EDT on October 15, 2008

Texting’s not all about txt

Anyone who observes the texting phenomenon also knows that many texters — particularly once they get past middle school — avoid the shortcuts and emoticons stereotypically associated with the practice in favor of more standard written language (and punctuation). Txtng’s for babies, in their view, while texting is just one more way of expanding the writer’s repertoire.

Dennis Baron, Univ of Illinois, at 10:30 am EDT on October 15, 2008

I am a writer and editor in the autumn of my career, and I find text and Internet abbreviations exciting and fun. Will formal English and txt-ese ever merge in any concrete way? I’m not sure — they may remain medium-specific — but if they do, I won’t throw my hands up in disgust. Language is a living organism, and I enjoy seeing how it evolves over time. Each generation of youth writes its own glossary of new phrases and expressions. Some of these may annoy or repel us, but the useful words and spellings (useful for conciseness, color, whatever) will endure — and eventually appear in the OED. :-)

Elizabeth, at 3:55 pm EDT on October 15, 2008

I can has ludic temperament?

O hai. No one who delights in language can fail (FAIL!) to be delighted by the overwhelming playfulness of net/text-speak. It’s full of win.

kthxbai.

RJO, at 4:30 pm EDT on October 15, 2008

I Rlaley Htae Tihs Sftuf ... But

As mcuh as I dslkie tihs from of cmmuoctnomiain unisg the wtitren wrod, I blvieee onejcbtig to it is a wtsae of tmie. Wehn the proupse of the sntcenee is mrleey to tnafsrer iforimonatn, the mroe crvteaie aognmst us wlil csat out the unecraesnsy and go wtih waht is msot cnvoneenit.

http://www.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/~mattd/Cmabrigde/

http://www.languagehat.com/archives/000840.php

Frizbane Manley, at 9:05 pm EDT on October 15, 2008

LOL

Manley has just made a fool of himself, not because he doesn’t like text slang, but because everyone now knows he has absolutely no idea what it is.

l33t dud3, at 5:25 am EDT on October 16, 2008

I Can’t Argue With l33t dud3 ...

Six things ...

First, I admit that if you have to explain a little “humor,” it must not have been very funny to begin with.

Second, “making a fool of myself” is an occupational – not to mention a philosophical – hazard. It happens to me all the time.

Third, I certainly cannot dispute l33t dud3’s survey results that “everyone now knows [I have] no idea what [text slang] is.” It is noteworthy, however, that I am the only fool in history who has ever had a comment completely written in text slang – and lower case no less — published in InsideHigherEd (go to “Revising the Teaching of Writing” and check out my post, “allright e.j.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!”

http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/04/13/denver)

Fourth, one of my favorite cartoons is Randall Munroe’s “xkcd,” and his stick figures have sent me to Google to check out a little text slang more times than I can count.

http://xkcd.com/

By the way, Munroe is quite bright – if more than a little weird – and, on a couple of occasions, I have suggested to Scott that he should interview him and write an article about xkcd. I have also suggested to IHE that they replace “Teachable Moments” with xkcd.

Fifth, on-line “dictionaries” of text slang are ubiquitous. Here’s one ...

http://www.web-friend.com/help/lingo/chatslang.html

Finally, I am not a fan of text slang. I am, however, the father of two computer scientist sons with whom I communicate daily ... on-line, of course, and frequently using IM. I treasure those interactions, but oh, that text slang. Ugh!

That said, my earlier post was for the purpose “supporting” text slang by demonstrating that the “format” of normal written communication contains lots of information (data) that our minds find either unnecessary or only marginally useful. As you can see, every “more-than-four-characters” word in my post has the first and last characters intact while randomly permuting the characters in between. Yet our minds make sense of this, and we can read the words almost as easily as when the words are properly expressed.

So you see, I thought I was being clever ... alas, there is a fine line between being a humorist and being a fool. As l33t dud3 so accurately observed, I was waaaay over on the “fool side” of that one ... but, of course, not because I am ignorant of text slang.

P.S. I’m not certain what the source of the jumbled characters phenomenon is, but I am fairly certain the claim that it’s “aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy” is an urban legend.

Frizbane Manley, at 11:05 am EDT on October 16, 2008

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