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Playing Defense and Offense

Part rally, part strategy session, part seminar, and part reunion — the annual higher education conference of the American Federation of Teachers helps chart the course of the academic labor movement.

This year’s meeting — in Minneapolis this weekend — featured a mix of discussions about those the union dislikes (David Horowitz, President Bush, corporate-style college presidents) and goals for the next year (more organizing of campuses, and a stronger push to help part-time faculty members).

Horowitz, the creator of the Academic Bill of Rights, was on everyone’s mind at the meeting, with AFT leaders vowing an all-out campaign against the legislation in both its federal and state versions. On Friday, the AFT and the higher education division of the National Education Association announced a joint lobbying campaign on the Higher Education Act that will have as one of its major goals keeping the Academic Bill of Rights out of the legislation.

William E. Scheurman, chair of the AFT’s higher education division, called the legislation “crazy,” “Orwellian,” and McCarthyite. Scheurman, president of United University Professions, which represents faculty members at the State University of New York, said that the legislation’s provisions requiring equal representation of views on controversial issues would require courses on the Holocaust to change so that “on Monday we would hear that the Holocaust was bad, on Wednesday that it was good, and on Friday that it never happened.”

The legislation has been introduced in nine states and is being talked about in a dozen others. Supporters also want it attached to the Higher Education Act, the mammoth federal student aid law that is scheduled to be renewed this year. Proponents say that Horowitz’s legislation — which affirms that students and faculty members should not be judged by ideological litmus tests — is needed because of liberal bias in academe.

But critics, such as the faculty unions, say that the bill exaggerates the problem, ignores the existence of procedures that allow colleges to deal with any problems, and would require faculty members to censor themselves or to dilute their courses by adding every conceivable viewpoint.

Scheurman and other AFT and NEA leaders said that the faculty members are being hurt by the bills today — even if they don’t pass. Focusing attention on alleged bias in higher education justifies state policies that aren’t providing colleges with enough money, they said, and intimidates professors. “They are sending a message to faculty that they will be watched,” he said.

In an e-mail interview, Horowitz called AFT statements on the Academic Bill of Rights “laughable.” He said that the only faculty members who need to fear the legislation are those who “see their classrooms as political soapboxes for their ideological agendas.” He also said that if adequate procedures existed to deal with faculty members who abuse their classroom positions, “there would be no crisis at the University of Colorado Boulder, would there?” Horowitz said that existing grievance procedures cover only “skin diversity and gender diversity,” and don’t protect those “who are being harassed on the basis of their political affiliation and belief.”

AFT and NEA leaders will be organizing joint lobbying of Congress — starting with letter writing and visits this week — and in selected states to try to defeat the legislation. Officials said that the American Association of University Professors — a third national higher education union — was also supportive of the joint lobbying campaign, but had been unable to officially join because various committees had not had time to sign off on it.

The joint AFT-NEA lobbying campaign will extend beyond the Academic Bill of Rights. Other priority items will include opposing cuts in various education programs (especially the TRIO programs for disadvantaged students), seeking increases in Pell Grants, and fighting efforts by for-profit higher education to loosen regulation of its sector.

Kathy Sproles, president of the National Education Association’s National Council for Higher Education, said that these were all issues on which “a faculty voice needs to be heard.”

In a speech to all attendees, Scheurman warned that faculty members wouldn’t have it easy in Washington. President Bush’s re-election, he said, means that it’s “payback time” and the administration is targeting two groups: “people who think — some might call them intellectuals” and union members. But he said that professors could not afford to get discouraged, or to abandon their political efforts.

Sproles and a delegation from the NEA attended many sessions at the AFT’s meeting and spoke with enthusiasm about the cooperation between the two unions, which have had a sometimes intense rivalry in the past. While the elementary and secondary education divisions of the unions continue to differ on some issues, the higher education units appear to be in sync. They are doing more joint projects, and next year plan to hold their higher education conferences together.

The AFT is also trying to grow — by cooperating with a number of unions. The Rutgers University chapter of the American Association of University Professors just voted for a joint affiliation with the AFT, for example.

While there was much discussion about national issues and trends, some of the most intense sessions at the meeting focused on the very concrete union issue of collective bargaining. Participants at one meeting shared information about various demands that their administrations were making — either in contract negotiations or just making — and how they responded.

Many union leaders complained about increased teaching loads (both number of courses and number of students in a section), requirements that papers be graded in certain time periods, new curricular requirements (imposed by administrators, not designed by professors) and the push toward distance education. Many professors said that the concept of “student as consumer” was at the root of many of these demands.

One professor urged colleagues to try to push for a new “ideal” for higher education: “Can we envision a university without administrators?” While that ideal was generally endorsed, no concrete plans were offered to make it happen.

A challenge facing the AFT and other academic unions is that the interests of unionized professors do not always coincide. The most dramatic example of this concerns part-time faculty members, some of whom are represented in their own bargaining units, and some of whom are included in single units with full-time professors. Generally, AFT officials agreed that part-timers are woefully underpaid and lack the types of benefits that they deserve. Full-time and part-time leaders alike agreed that colleges should create more full-time positions.

Barbara Bowen, president of the Professional Staff Congress, the faculty union of the City University of New York, said “we’ve aimed too low” in solving this problem. Instead of talking about the proportion of part-time and full-time positions, professors should be questioning whether there are enough slots in total. She said that unions need to focus on the extent to which lack of funds means that students are being kept out of higher education. With adequate support, she said, the full-time/part-time split would change.

Others struggled with what to do now. Michael Dembrow is president of the Portland Community College Federation of Teachers, which has full-time and part-time members. His college currently has a rule that bars part-timers from teaching more than 82 percent of the load of a full-time professor. Dembrow said that the theory behind this rule is that it will encourage the college to hire more full-timers, and he said that in some cases, the college has done so.

But David Rives, vice president of the Portland union and a part-timer there for eight years, said that while he appreciated the theory of encouraging full-time hiring, it was of no help to him. “I’m working over 100 percent of a full-time load, but by teaching at two or three colleges in the area. It’s ridiculous to have to do that commuting,” he said.

Several audience members endorsed his view, and said that full-timers should agree to drop the limit on part-timers. One professor compared the rule to the rudeness of a man telling his mistress that she wasn’t good enough to merit being around on Sunday mornings. Colleges tell part-timers that they are OK when they need them, but don’t accept them, she said.

But others said that without limits on part-time work, colleges would just shift more positions away from full-time. Still, some said that the emphasis may need to shift to improving part-time conditions in the short run. “They are going to be exploited, but they would like their life to be a little better,” said Dembrow.

Scott Jaschik

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Comments

Fully Agreed!

Indoctrination is an understatement.

Brainwashing fits the bill.. wouldn’t you agree?

Joey Plazo, Dr. at Ateneo, at 12:25 pm EDT on July 21, 2007

Playing Defense and Offense

Testifying in Maryland against HB964, a so-called academic rights bill was made successful and the bill defeated by a simple strategy: avoid inflammatory language about rightwingers and the death of academic rights and explain how classrooms really work. The few legislators who really favored the bill had no openings for their own favorite lines about liberals and Prof Churchill to come back with. The bill was defeated in committee.

Lee Richardson, Professor at university of Baltimore, at 8:13 pm EDT on April 18, 2005

Teacher’s Union Is The Problem

Student’s CAN NOT get a good education if teacher’s are only teaching HALF THE STORY. That’s not teaching — it’s INDOCTRINATION and a common sense fair and balanced perspective is what’s needed in the curriculum.

Larry, at 11:17 am EDT on April 19, 2005

Teacher’s Union Protect Teachers Not Students

Student’s CAN NOT get a good education if teacher’s are only teaching HALF THE STORY. That’s not teaching — it’s INDOCTRINATION and a common sense fair and balanced perspective is what’s needed in the curriculum now.

Celina, at 11:17 am EDT on April 19, 2005

Academic bill of Rights

Mr. Scheurman claims that under the Academic Bill of Rights “on Monday we would hear that the Holocaust was bad, on Wednesday that it was good, and on Friday that it never happened.” This actually amounts to only adding a single viewpoint to his status quo, “the holocaust was bad.”

chris behmelande, Dr., at 3:23 pm EDT on April 19, 2005

AFT

Pretty funny stuff there.The anti-semites (and other racists) with tenure are the ones denying the holocaust (or trucking with those that do) and the fact that the unions are little more than fundraisers for the DNC and “dislike Bush” (and by extension, anyone to the right of Chomsky) as policy tells a lot in itself.

If I were a teacher, I sure wouldn’t appreciate my money going to political activism — but then as a conservative I probably wouldnt get hired anyway (at least not anywhere above an elementary school.

I am very glad to see Dave Horowitz put fire to the feet of these cabals of pseudo-intellectual marxists, racists, and traitors, and I hope they fall hard.

solarcontrol, emperor at VRWC, at 9:36 pm EDT on April 19, 2005

The pitiable admission inherent in this piece

If Mr. Scheurman and “other critics” were to use lines of attack against Horowitz and the Academic Bill of Rights that were substantive and thoughtful — as opposed to the superficially silly, strawman and contemptuously dismissive arguments represented in this piece — then one could at least allow that the debate had been engaged at some recognizable level. As it is, rather than having been engaged, any appreciable debate has been ignored and evaded.

Michael B, at 9:36 pm EDT on April 19, 2005

Orwell was speaking about the Left....

The academic bill of rights only puts in place the protection of free speech the Left pays lip service to, but in reality fights AGAINST, and protects students from paying an unfair price in their grades and careers for being anything other than a stark raving socialist. This article just proves what I already suspected. What a bunch of hypocrites. Can’t win at the ballot box, so they try to indoctrinate our kids.

Thomas Hennie, at 9:37 pm EDT on April 19, 2005

Got a flash for you: The plural of student is students, not student’s.

Roberto, at 9:39 pm EDT on April 19, 2005

Academic bias

How ironic that AFT leader William Scheurman should condemn as “Orwellian” legislation aimed at correcting academic bias, and then go on to claim that the Bush administration is targetting “people who think.” This recalls a recent New York Times editorial in which Paul Krugman suggested that the reason liberals dominate college campuses today is that the Republican Party is “dominated by people who believe truth should be determined by revelation, not research.” No, there’s no liberal bias in academia. It’s just that conservatives are too stupid to make the grade. Well, I’m a conservative who graduated summa cum laude from Columbia University in 1992, and it was the brazen, impudent bigotry of people like Scheurman and Krugman that persuaded me to pursue a career as far from the groves of academe as possible.

Richard Davis, at 5:03 am EDT on April 20, 2005

I really enjoyed this article- esp. the old bug-a-bo when the left gets up and starts dragging out the old ghost of Senator McCarthy. I find it funny that that the most pajoritive term to come up with- as compared with, say, Stalinistic. :)

William Duston, at 12:17 pm EDT on April 20, 2005

Fair play?

The same rationale for the Academic Bill of Rights could never be applied to the government of course, or in any other venue where the perceived bias was one that favoured conservatives. “Democrat” and “Republican” are practically two different words for the same thing anyway. You say tomato, I say tomahto.

This poorly named “Academic Bill of Rights” is nothing more than an attack on the havens of intellectual free thought. If the supporters and proponents of this Bill truly want fair play, then lets start in the messhalls of mass media and the government, where we are force-fed the unilateral agendas of the rich and powerful. Such hypocrisy.

Brad Carson, at 10:23 am EDT on April 22, 2005

Academic Bill of Rights

There is something very wrong when a movement seeks to repress equality, of almost any kind, but especially to repress equality in teaching different views of controversial topics at colleges. One student at Butler University expressed his dismay over his professor’s bias in teaching. The professor went on an angry crusade in front of the class to expose the student even though he’d made it known that he wanted to remain anonymous. She passed out copies of the letter to the entire class. My daughter is in that class and was absolutely mortified that the professor thought she wrote the letter because, early in the semester, the professor asked for a show of hands as to who was liberal and who was conservative and my daughter identified herself as conservative. I’m not sure if the entire text of the letter will fit in the allotted comment space, but here it is:

Dear Dr. ________:

Thank you for single-handedly proving by your persistent, anti-conservative rhetoric in the classroom that David Horowitz is right on target in claiming that liberalism has contaminated the process by which all students’ views are respected, encouraged, and protected as part of their basic civil rights. In your discourse and demeanor and your selection of teaching materials and subjects, you have clearly demonstrated your own personal biases, which promote discomfort and discourage participation of conservative students under your instruction.

By allowing classroom applause for the actions of the student who attacked Mr. Horowitz, and by you, yourself, calling Mr. Horowitz “crazy, a “whacko,” and “the mouthpiece of Shawn Hannity,” you intimidated and isolated those students who may not have agreed that it’s acceptable to use violence in exhibiting free speech. The fact that you defended the applause with your statement that the offense was an invocation of the student’s right to disagree with Mr. Horowitz is deplorably inexcusable.

Your behavior contradicts the very principles of free speech and academic freedom that college professors hold so dear. In your case, as Horowitz points out, it is just a one-way street.

You are a disgrace to your profession, and I implore President Fong to, at the very least, call upon you to extend an apology to your students. Though you may not consider a small handful of conservative students worthy of your time and effort, they are paying customers at Butler University and should be treated with respect and fairness!

Dame Prout, at 12:03 pm EDT on April 22, 2005

Wow! This article seems to have brought out the radicals. I note that neither article nor respondents has presented serious evidence of bias. The article, of course, includes the general academic viewpoint that bias is overstated and Horowitz’s rhetorical question concerning a crisis in Colorado. A rhetorical question is an argumentive device most often used when one finds oneself without real evidence to present, though. Much smoke, no light from the right on this.

(_Science_ had an editorial titled “The End of the Enlightenment?” in the April 8th edition. Its conclusion is “not yet. But as its beneficiaries, we should also be its stewards.” The “yet” hangs heavily....)

Thane Doss, Yomiuri Culture Centers, Tokyo, at 12:05 pm EDT on April 22, 2005

The Schizophrenia of the AFT

Two critical themes are here.

1) The Academic Bill of Rights- I am wondering how many faculty who oppose this in favor of self-regulation oppose, at the same time the current administration’s effort to lift environmental sanctions in favor of letting business self-regulate. After all, most corporate leaders are products of the universities and should find that their values and those of their professors are equally trust worthy?

2) The current conflict between faculty and university administration for faculty rights/benefits. Here too, it is strange since most administrators were, at one time, faculty, many of whom were only too happy to change their roles since faculty chose to transfer that responsibility, at least, until, the shoe began to pinch, particularly when they began to understand that the university was not for them. As the union designation represents, they are now employees, union or not.

tom abeles, at 12:05 pm EDT on April 22, 2005

Resentment and self-regulation

The comments here indicate why the “academic freedom” issue could be a winner for the right. A lot of people resent college teachers for slights they suffered in college, or imagine others suffering. Because of this facts don’t matter. The result is that even if faculty maintain their autonomy, this just goes to prove that they are a “cabal,” “dismissive,” “brazen and impudent,” etc. This issue is a good way to organize students and others for the right.

The previous comment raises an interesting question. Why should higher education be self-regulating? It makes sense that a scholarly institution should be self-regulating. Many of us continue to attempt to teach students how to think for themselves. But this may no longer be useful to the society at large. If students are just “customers” buying an experience that results in certification for a job, then higher education actually works for the people hiring the students.

Self-regulation may perhaps be more efficient than putting the burden on someone else to regulate higher education. (What if employers had to test every college graduate for literacy?) But if higher education has no value for its own sake, it is less clear that self-regulation is efficient. It is may be, however, that higher education can work just as well, in this purely instrumental sense, if teaching is done by adjuncts who are paid $2200 per course.

For those of us who defend the autonomy of US higher education, these are serious problems.

Aaron Lercher, Visiting Professor of Philosophy at St. Andrews Presbyterian College, at 4:48 pm EDT on April 22, 2005

AFT meeting

On Friday, April 15, the National Education Association in conjunction with the American Federation of Teachers announced a joint lobbying effort to combat a provision in the Higher Education Reauthorization Act inspired by our Academic Bill of Rights which would promote greater intellectual diversity in our nation’s colleges and universities and combat discrimination against students for their political, religious, or ideological beliefs. In a press release announcing their opposition, the NEA and AFT deliberately mischaracterize the Academic Bill of Rights and the provisions in the Higher Education Act which echo its language and intent. The misrepresentation of the Bill is apparent even from the sub-headline of the release which declares that “Proposed changes in the Higher Education Act wouldâ€∫.create an ideological litmus test for faculty.â€? This statement is an outright falsehood and was adopted from an American Association of University Professors statement which has falsely claimed since the introduction of our bill that it would “enforce a kind of diversity that is instead determined by essentially political categories, like the number of Republicans or Democrats on a faculty, or the number of conservatives or liberals.â€? Our response to this misrepresentation of the Bill by the AAUP can be viewed here. Far from imposing an ideological litmus test on faculty, the Academic Bill of Rights proposed by our organization explicitly forbids the consideration of political or ideological views in hiring and tenure processes. The portions of the Higher Education Act which reflect our Academic Bill of Rights are chiefly concerned with the rights of students rather than educators and thus do not contain this exact provision—in fact the section of the Higher Education Act inspired by the Academic Bill of Rights is silent on the topic of hiring educators illustrating the lack of research which went into the NEA/AFT response. But these provisions similarly outlaw the use of political standards to judge or grade students, mandating that students not be “excluded from participation in, denied the benefits of, or subjected to discrimination or official sanction on the basis of their political or ideological beliefs.â€? The body of the release is equally misleading. A special paragraph devoted to the issue states: “A special concern for the two unions is a proposed congressional resolution on what the Republican majority ironically calls the ‘Academic Bill of Rights.’ If passed, the resolution would impose a litmus test on curriculum, teaching and hiring decisions. Several states also are considering state versions of the “Academic Bill of Rightsâ€? that would bar faculty from discussing controversial subjects and in other ways bar academic freedom, including legislatures in Minnesota , Ohio , New York and Rhode Island.â€? NEA President Kathy Sproles is then quoted as stating, “If Congress tries to create a ‘balance’ of political and religious views and other forms of expression by faculty through this action, they will kill academic freedom.â€? The mischaracterizations in these statements are many. The first charge, that the Bill would “impose a litmus test on curriculum, teaching and hiring decisions,â€? is clearly contradicted by the text of the Higher Education Act itself which states that students should be presented with “diverse approaches and dissenting sources and viewpoints within the instructional settingâ€? and should not be “subjected to discriminationâ€∫on the basis of their political or ideological beliefs.â€? Nowhere does either the Act or the full Academic Bill of Rights refer to any particular political position or viewpoint, much less mandate that instruction be directed by political aims. It takes a suspension of rational judgment to conclude that the teaching of diverse scholarly perspectives—which should be an aim in any educational setting—amounts to the imposition of a particular political agenda or “litmus test.â€? The American Historical Association even emphasizes the importance of teaching diverse perspectives, declaring in its recently-revised Statement on Standards of Professional Conduct that, “ Students should be made aware of multiple causes and varying interpretations. Within the bounds of the historical topic being studied, the free expression of legitimate differences of opinion should always be a goalâ€? (emphasis added). NAS President Sproles’ comment that mandating a “‘balance’ of political and religious views and other forms of expression by facultyâ€? would “kill academic freedomâ€? is misleading of several grounds. Nowhere does the section of the Higher Education Act inspired by our Academic Bill of Rights or the Bill itself contain the word “balanceâ€? which implies a 50-50 division of views which might lead to intellectual quotas. The concept touted by the Higher Education Act and the Academic Bill of Rights is not that of “balanceâ€? but rather of intellectual diversity. As was revealed above, it is the same concept recognized by the American Historical Association and is already embedded in the Academic Freedom Policies of many public universities across the nation. Can a concept that is already so widely recognized as a key component of academic freedom really be a means to “kill[ing] academic freedomâ€?? On the final claim, relating not to the Higher Education Act, but rather to the legislation introduced in many states, that it would “ bar faculty from discussing controversial subjects,â€? the AFT and NEA again distort the facts. The clause which can be found in much of the state legislation states: “Faculty and instructors shall not infringe the academic freedom and quality of education of their students by persistently introducing controversial matter into the classroom or coursework that has no relation to their subject of study and that serves no legitimate pedagogical purpose.â€? As can clearly be seen from the above passage, it is a vast simplification and overstatement to say that these state bills would “bar faculty from discussing controversial subjects.â€? The language of the legislation makes explicitly clear that only those controversial topics that have “no relation to their subject of studyâ€? and serve “no legitimate pedagogical purposeâ€? would be considered out-of-bounds. This policy is in fact a much more lenient standard than that held by the AAUP which states in the 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure that, “Teachers are entitled to freedom in the classroom in discussing their subject, but they should be careful not to introduce into their teaching controversial matter which has no relation to their subject.â€? Furthermore, many individual universities have also adopted regulations which are also more stringent than our legislative bills including Ohio State University and Pennsylvania State University. As the two higher education unions that by their own claim represent “more than 90 percent of unionized faculty and professional staff employed in the nation’s colleges and universities,â€? the National Education Association and American Federation of Teachers have undermined their credibility by releasing this poorly-researched and one-sided propaganda piece as an official statement.

Sara Dogan, at 6:14 pm EDT on April 24, 2005

Student’s CAN NOT get a good education if teacher’s are only teaching HALF THE STORY. That’s not teaching,it’s INDOCTRINATION and a common sense fair and balanced perspective is what’s needed in the curriculum now.Greetings from Germany

Bunzlauer Keramik, at 2:18 pm EDT on June 13, 2007

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