News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
May 18, 2005
Yale University is getting rid of a popular anthropology professor, setting off protests from supporters who believe he is losing his job for being an anarchist and for visibly backing graduate student unionization. As the professor considers filing a formal grievance with the university, anthropologists and labor officials nationwide have already organized an online petition signed by 3,000 people.
The decision not to renew David Graeber’s contract after the end of the 2005-6 academic year was made in a private meeting of 12 senior faculty members who are required to keep the proceedings confidential. (Inside Higher Ed contacted several who said they could not comment.) In the absence of an explanation from the panel, Graeber and his supporters insist that the decision could not have been made based on his work.
“His scholarship was at the level he would have had tenure at any normal university,” said Marshall Sahlins, an anthropology professor at the University of Chicago. “As he has become a more visible anarchist,” added Andrej Grubacic, a researcher at the State University of New York at Binghamton, who has worked with Graeber, “he has encountered more opposition, fallen out of favor.”
The closed-door review was for promotion from assistant professor to “term associate,” an untenured position that Graeber said is usually just a “rubber stamp,” barring significant problems with teaching, scholarship or ethics. Graeber passed his first review at Yale, which came at the three-year mark. The review for term associate comes at the end of his sixth year, and normally renews the faculty member for four more years, after which he or she is considered for tenure.
Graeber, a self-avowed anarchist who has supported physical intervention at corporate globalization conferences, knew his politics were controversial.
Still, he said he passed the third-year review easily, having “kept my activism in New York, and scholarship in New Haven.” The opposition began in the sixth year review, in 2004.
At that time, with a deadlocked vote, the panel gave Graeber a warning. It did so, admonishing Graeber for “being unreliable,” he said, “showing up late to class, and not doing enough service work.” Graeber denies the charges, and none of the students interviewed who took his classes said they recall him having a punctuality problem. The board extended Graeber’s contract for two, rather than four years, and scheduled a review after the first year. In the meantime, Graeber organized a colloquium series and got involved in student projects in response to the criticism about his lack of service work.
Given his response to the criticism, and his prolific publishing – two books and dozens of papers, articles and essays – Graeber expected to pass the one-year review, which occurred May 3. Instead, based on a majority vote by senior anthropology faculty members, he was given a short letter saying that while the department recognized “a number of positive qualities of [Graeber’s] scholarship,” it did not choose to renew his contract.
“It’s normal that these meetings are confidential, but not that no reason is given at all,” Graeber said. “I responded to their criticisms, so there was nothing to say this time, so they just didn’t say anything.” Helaine Klasky, a Yale spokeswoman, wrote in an e-mail reply to a request for comment on the situation: “Personnel matters involving the Yale faculty are confidential and therefore cannot be discussed.”
Given the information vacuum, Graeber and his supporters assume that his politics forged his exit, though Klasky suggested otherwise in her e-mail. “It is the university’s policy that political views of faculty members are not a factor in decisions about reappointment and/or promotion,” she wrote.
But Graeber said that he first started getting the cold shoulder from some colleagues after his third year when he became more visible in movements against the International Monetary Fund and Group of Eight. “The final straw,” Graeber suggested, came when he defended a graduate student who he had mentored earlier this year.
Graeber believed that the student was being treated unfairly because of her involvement with the Graduate Employees and Students Organization, a graduate student union that is not recognized by the university and has been locked in a longstanding battle with Yale administrators. Faculty members said that the unionization issue is a controversial topic in the anthropology department, and that some professors have openly expressed their distaste for the union. There is no evidence that Graeber’s backing of the student directly led to the decision on his contract. Still, he thinks it was “the excuse they needed.”
Anthropologists who find it hard to believe that Graeber was denied promotion would like some light shed on his review. “He has published as much in 10 years as many people do in a lifetime,” said Hylton White, an anthropology professor at the University of Chicago who knows Graeber from grad school. “And given how many students take his classes” – one course, Myth and Ritual, drew 137 students — “it’s hard to understand. What does one have to do? I think it’s that secrecy of the process, that’s why so many people are supporting him.”
Support for him is strong. Thirty-nine Yale graduate students of anthropology, about two-thirds of the total, have signed a petition encouraging Yale to keep Graeber. Another 3,000 supporters signed a similar petition. Signers include a few high profile professors, some anarchists and union members, and some more unusual self-designations, like signature number 2,234: “Tom Welsh – Human Being.”
Many of Graeber’s staunchest supporters are students, both undergraduate and graduate, who describe him fondly. Thomas Frampton, an undergraduate who organized a conference on globalization with Graeber’s help, said that undergraduate students generally believe Graeber was not renewed because of his involvement in the anarchy movement. “I know him as a teacher and as a mentor who gives himself to the students, and Yale needs that,” he added.
So what is the trouble with David Graeber? “That’s the problem,” said White, the Chicago anthropologist. “You just don’t know, and nobody has to tell.”
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The idea of entering the mainstream and trying to disrupt it as as old as anarchism. I know David Graeber, and he is a brilliant and serious fellow. You Bart are a fool. But we would expect that of someone who uses Bart SImpson as an on-line moniker and does not provide their own name.
Aaron Garrett, at 11:45 am EDT on May 18, 2005
Even if it were somehow inconsistent to be an anarchist university professor (and of course, it’s not inconsistent), that would leave untouched the central question: why is Yale getting rid of Graeber? That’s the question at issue here.
Cole, at 12:55 pm EDT on May 18, 2005
Why, yes, it makes perfect sense, for avowed anarchists to be part of a $400 billion/year educational bureaucracy. Why not a PhD program in Anarchy? (Then, again — who’d give the comp-exams?) And, yes — those tools of the ruling class paying $50,000/year to Yale deserved to be lectured about their lack of ‘honest, authentic’ thinking. As do, the U.S. taxpayers funding projects at Yale. Only in America, could this happen .. the French are too provincial (and unproductive) to fund this kind of weird, obtuse political theatre.
Still Bart, at 3:48 pm EDT on May 18, 2005
Um, Bart, this would hardly be the first time someone has worked for an organization that clashes with their principles. I think anarchism is very silly political ideology, but it’s ridiculous that it should be a factor (if, indeed, it was). And don’t pretend like the French don’t have obtuse political theatre.
Yale has been absolutely brutal with union organizers in the past; it’s just a hunch, but I suspect this may have more to do with GESO than anarchism.
david watkins, at 8:04 pm EDT on May 18, 2005
Why shouldn’t an anarchist want a sessional lecturing job at a private university? Graeber wasn’t applying for a publicly-funded position, nor was he vying for a tenured professorship. He just wanted to strike a fair bargain for his labor, which is an objective perfectly consistent with anarchism.
Lindsay Beyerstein, at 10:09 pm EDT on May 18, 2005
“He just wanted to strike a fair bargain for his labor ..”
So .. why doesn’t he (as anyone can, for that matter), start up his own thang .. y’know, like Springsteen, or Dylan, or RATM ..
“And don’t pretend like the French don’t have obtuse political theatre.”
.. except, most of their actors aren’t multi-millionaires (e.g., Michael Moore, Howard Zinn, Molly Ivins) .. again, only in America ..
Bart Again, at 4:39 am EDT on May 19, 2005
Right, no contradiction. But, some advice for all you anarchists who want to proclaim your support. Just be careful how you object to the mistreatment. It can’t be that they shouldn’t be allowed to fire him. Or that he should have some recourse if the petitions and general outrage doesn’t convince Yale to take him back.
Ned, at 4:39 am EDT on May 19, 2005
prehaps we are seeing the beginning of the end “no enemies to the left” mentality endemic in academia. Mr. Graeber is, by normal societal standards, an absolute wacko.people like him are the reason the academy no longer commands the same respect it once did in western society.
w g grace, at 10:58 am EDT on May 19, 2005
People, anarchists needn’t oppose social institutions with codes of conduct, or even legal systems. They just oppose the state, the government. I’m not an anarchist, and even I know this.
Moreover, just because you have a picture of an ideal society doesn’t mean you have to shun everything in today’s society that doesn’t fit your ideal. It’s OK for libertarians to use the US Postal Service.
In any case, this is all a red herring. The question at issue is why Yale got rid of this guy, by all accounts a solid teacher and scholar. And if they did it because of his political views or his extracurricular activism, then that’s a pretty screwed-up way to run a university.
Cole, at 11:30 am EDT on May 19, 2005
“Anarchists .. just oppose the state, the government.”
Sir — how do you think, Democrats feel about GWB’s policies on social issues, and Republicans on economic issues? Do you think that they support the status quo?
“Moreover, just because you have a picture of an ideal society doesn’t mean you have to shun everything in today’s society that doesn’t fit your ideal. It’s OK for libertarians to use the US Postal Service.”
Dr. G & friends complain about a product’s production (e.g., banannas, coffee, maid service), I support them — I stop buying it. It isn’t worth the volume-level.
“In any case, this is all a red herring. The question at issue is why Yale got rid of this guy, by all accounts a solid teacher and scholar. And if they did it because of his political views or his extracurricular activism, then that’s a pretty screwed-up way to run a university”
What do you think the tenure process is about? Some form of voluntary, merit-only decision-making? Like anthropology is like a hard-science area, with firm and reproducible outcomes, as opposed to politically-based outcomes, involving <51 college juniors? Who’s being naive here? Get real, sir. As Ann Landers said: ‘wake up, and smell the coffee.’ After all those years in the academy, if Dr. G. didn’t know the game rules of tenure (i.e., kiss the butt of everyone, until you get it), he really wasn’t paying attention at the office. To paraphrase Dr. S. Fish: you want to save the world, do it on your own time and your own dime. Like, on your day off.
Bart, all grown up, at 7:45 am EDT on May 20, 2005
The problem with tenure decisions is that we on the outside don’t know all the facts. On the fact of it, it sounds like this man is the victim of a politically-motivated sacking, and if that is the case, he must be defended.
There is one point which is not clear and which may be relevant: has he specifically encourged, or taken part in, physical violence? Some anarchists believe that they have the right to physically attack institutions that they don’t like. If this is the case with him, that may very well be a legitimate reason not to want to have him as an employee. But is it?
Doug, His political views are irrelevant. at University of London, at 7:45 am EDT on May 20, 2005
We really don’t know enough about the specifics of this case, but in general:
1) All universities have detailed tenure and review policies and these are, as far as I know, always based on merit. There are obviously also standards of behavior that must be met, but these are rarely an issue and there seems to be no effort in this case to present a behavioral reason. There is, though, the latest wrinkle, of “collegiality” a gaping loophole that administrators (and faculty committees) are trying to use to can unpleasant colleagues. But in the end, everyone likes to pretend that merit is the only consideration.
2) Administrators are always trying to get rid of troublesome faculty even when they are otherwise highly accomplished professionally (teaching, research, service), and if the faculty member is untenured, can often trump up a “merit” based reason to let them go, as Yale tried in this case with the “questions about your teaching” issue When called on their decision by the faculty member (in a lawsuit) or by other professors/students, they always hide behind the “personnel matter” shield. Only the courts can pierce that shield.
3) It may be that Yale can dismiss a faculty member without cause at certain points in the probationary period. Otherwise I have never heard of an untenured faculty member being dismissed without a negative evaluation forming the basis of the decision.
4) Every administrator and faculty member that serves on a review committee, carries in their head several different “realities” when it comes to evaluating faculty members — there is the strict merits of the case, the reality formed from facts on paper; there is the faculty member’s judgment about what is “really” true about the faculty member’s merits, even if the facts don’t entire support that truth; and finally there is the “do I really like this person being my colleague” level, which of course affects judgments on the other levels. We can get confused about which reality is which, and try to convince ourselves and others that there is only one reality, but in the end I believe that every honest faculty member must struggle to reconcile these different realities with each other and with the tenure policies of their own institution.
5) Yes, administrators and faculty review committees do bad things to get rid of troublesome faculty who are otherwise meritorious. Sometimes the nasty facts can be pried into the open or pressure exerted to reverse the decisions, but sometimes not. In the end we should want decisions that can be openly supported with facts, not silence and secrecy, not with administrators hiding and their hapless spokesmen giving us the “personnel matter” stonewall.
This is the tenure process that has been in place for many years. As the corporate model takes hold in academia, there is more pressure to also consider “are you on the team or not?” but few administrators are ready to come right out and make this part of tenure. Politicians and donors are not so bashful, and grow less and less so each year. This puts administrators in a bind (poor babies!). The first thing I thought of when the Ward Churchill thing broke was how the U. of Colorado president would be squirming under microscopic scrutiny from politicians, donors, the media, and the faculty. In the end, she resigned.
Almost all faculty members, and certainly untenured faculty, understand that they need to be “team players” so as to have the considerable plasticity of academic judgment on their side in borderline situations. Very strong, very independent, very idealistic, or very foolhardy faculty will speak out against their department or college administration, or take controversial political positions, but they invite a fight over their future careers if they do so. Even most tenured faculty will not rock the boat – there are simply too many things they can do to you to make your life miserable, even if they can’t fire you (and don’t think they can’t, either).
Bob, at 12:37 pm EDT on May 20, 2005
“Bob” has made some very good, well thought-out points about tenure. My only comment would be about the “corporate” aspect of academia. To that, I’m reminded of “The Gang of Four,” and how well Stalin & Trotsky got along, as well as Mother Jones’ board and Mr. Michael Moore. You don’t need a ‘corporate view’ to have unmoving bureaucracies. Consider the old Jack Carter joke, repeated by Garrison Keillor: “Under Communism, man oppresses man; under capitalism, it is the other way around.”
Bart forever, Permanent detainee at Principal Skinner’s office, at 5:44 pm EDT on May 21, 2005
Several of the comments are blaming university administrators for the denial of renewal towards tenure at Yale. This is unfair. The story clearly states that it was a panel of twelve senior faculty members that failed to support his application. Privacy prevents them from speaking, leaving any comment to an administrator who can only cite the confidentiality. Don’t shoot the messenger here!
One commentator mentioned “collegiality” and this is very likely the reason behind this denial, or rather, the lack of collegiality. Tenure to an unpleasant person guarantees an unpleasant workplace for the remained of your career. Why would anyone want to saddle themselves with that? Faculty members want colleagues, not problems.
Michael Class, at 11:46 am EDT on May 23, 2005
Whoever said we do not have all the fact here hit the nail on the head. What is surprising is how many people are so ready and willing to support Graber and his outrageous even slanderous charges without bothering to check their facts. They seem not to understand that the “lack of transparency” they woefully bemoan is designed as much, if not more, to protect the rights of the complainant (in this case Graeber) rather than the powers of the university.
charles brown, at 4:42 pm EST on November 21, 2005
The academic environment is filled with Woolworth-like structures. The fear of revolutionary spirits is enormous in academic institutions. Most of the heads of Departments fear young academics that are vibrant, strong, compassionate, and willing not to compromise quality. David Graeber is one of these young people who believed in the truth.
nath Aldalalaa, Dr. at Edgehill College, at 3:00 pm EST on November 23, 2005
I find David Graeber’s allegations suspicious, at best. He has told everyone that “he published too much, got too much international recognition, became too well-known.” Ummm...yeah. Like Yale really objects to that.
What people in departments often do object to is colleagues who are prima donnas, who insist that they are too important and too intelligent and too wonderful to pull their share of the workload. It sounds to me, from Graeber’s own declarations about his total lack of service work in the department, that he simply decided he was too good to do any of the scut work.
You know, I wouldn’t want to have a colleague like that around for the next twenty years, either.
Lisa Simpson, at 4:17 pm EST on December 14, 2005
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H.J. Simpson know
Let me see, if I undertand this. Dr. G claims to be, an anarchist — and, yet, wants to be part of the education establishment. His posture, reminds moi of that great quote of Homer J. Simpson — “it’s everybody’s fault, but mine!”
Bart Simpson, Jr., Smart-aleck wise-guy at State U/Moo, at 9:57 am EDT on May 18, 2005