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Dwindling Support

In 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the legality of affirmative action in college admissions. But the political controversy surrounding affirmative action, and the limits placed on its use by the Supreme Court as well as by various state entities, has had a major impact on graduate education, according to a report released Wednesday.

According to the report, from the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation, many of the groups that support minority Ph.D. students have broadened their programs to include other students as well. As a result, the report warns that the cohort of new Ph.D.’s — and in turn the cohort of new professors in the years to come — may lack the racial and ethnic diversity many colleges want for their faculties.

The foundation’s report has two main parts. One part summarizes data showing how few Ph.D.’s are awarded to black and Hispanic students. In 2003, the report notes, one in three Americans was black or Hispanic, but only one in nine American citizens who received Ph.D.’s that year were black or Hispanic. The data in the report largely come from the studies conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago and released in December.

While the data are not new, the foundation also conducted interviews and research on programs to diversify the graduate student population. The foundation studied efforts by the government, foundations and individual universities, and found retrenchment and shifts just about everywhere — with money for minority Ph.D. students getting cut.

“Programs intended to improve diversity in doctoral education have shifted decisively away from financial support, focusing more on efforts to recruit and prepare students for graduate study,” the report said.

At the federal level, the report noted that the Education Department and the National Science Foundation have both abandoned fellowship programs for minority doctoral students, the NSF doing so under the threat of a lawsuit.

At the university level, the report said, “almost every program surveyed has modified its structure, its eligibility requirements, or even its name following recent legal challenges to university minority support programs.”

While the interviews with program managers found that most of them continued to have strong commitments to diversifying graduate student populations, it found that even where policies hadn’t been overhauled, people are reluctant to draw attention to their efforts. Program managers said that they had been urged “to maintain low public profiles,” the report said.

The foundation acknowledged that in many cases, fellowships that were once for minority students still exist, but are now open to low-income students from all racial and ethnic groups. And the report said that such fellowships serve a valuable purpose. But it added that such fellowships couldn’t replace minority-specific programs.

“A need-based model implies that low minority representation in doctoral programs results solely from economic deprivation, with no consideration of social and cultural factors that may make minority students less likely to enroll or persist in doctoral programs,” the report said. It added that not all minority students are poor, and that professors generally come from “middle-income and professional family backgrounds.” As a result, shifting graduate fellowships to emphasize low-income backgrounds “will inevitably divert recruitment energies away from precisely those groups that offer the most promising potential members of the academic community.”

Scott Jaschik

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Comments

What a crock

What an insult to humanity this report is! Because “most” professors come from middle-to-upper-income families, those economic brackets necessarily produce the more “promising” candidates for academic careers?! What kind of incestuous logic is that? Perhaps if more lower-income families had the option of a graduate career, they’d produce equally “promising” candidates. As both a minority and a working-class candidate, I find this study insulting on every level. There is no way that my wealthy, private-school-educated black colleagues faced half the hurdles to an academic career that a working-class kid (of any racial background) faced in getting this far. If anything, their way has been paved by the combination of wealth and preferential admissions. It’s time to stop thinking about “diversity” as simply a matter of color, and start thinking of it as a matter of culture and opportunity. Disenfranchisement is more often an economic process in this country than a racial one, though they obviously go hand-in-hand in many cases. It’s not enough to recruit promising minorities that merely reflect the bourgeois values of their white peers. If you want real cultural discourse, you have to look first and foremost across economic boundaries.

jem, at 9:53 am EDT on May 26, 2005

Dwindling Support

Why not examine the IQs of the candidates for advanced degrees? Perhaps the low numbers of Black, Mexican and other low mean IQ groups (American Indian, Pacific Islander) in obtaining Ph.D.s can be explained by their IQ dirth. The IQ defecit may explain the low percentages of Ph.D. Degrees awarded in spite of affirmative action. The high mean IQ minorities seem to be doing just fine, such as North Asians, Jews and Indians from India.

Dan Kurt, at 9:06 pm EDT on May 26, 2005

Response to Dan Kurt

Mr. Kurt I am quite concerned about your IQ testing of minorities and your statement that cognitive ability accounts for the lack of Black/Hispanic/ Native American PhD’s. First let me ask you what is your educational background? I am a third year Black student in genetics and evolution and let me say there is no genetic basis of IQ and skin color. In the words of Benjamin Banneker(Black mathematician and designer of the nation’s capital where he reproduced the blueprints from memory) stated the color of the skin is in no way connected to the color of the skin. IQ test were developed using europeans as the standard of the test. Certainly, you are educated enough to know there is a cultural bias to this exam but may be you don’t. Why do we need programs for minorities to go school in the first place if all men all are created equal..oh yeah the fact that minorities are often unable to afford the cost of higher education. If the goal of higher education is to serve american society then it has failed. The higher education landscape does not reflect American society as stated in the article. What is the goal of higher education? Are not all Americans regardless of color of their skin entitled to a quality education? or is based how much can you pay??? I would encourage you to study higher education more Dan Kurt because your comment is genetically flawed. Genetic fact to ponder: 98% of all humanity is genetically the same and the 1.5% accounts for variation in height, weight, hair texture. A whopping 0.5% accounts for skin color or “races".

Black Man-future PhD, Doctoral candidate in population genetics/molecular evolution at U. of South Carolina, at 4:34 am EDT on May 27, 2005

What is next?

What people do not realize is that 40 years ago African Americans were beated and killed just because they wanted to get the same quality of education as the white majority. The same people that did everything in their power to prevent the equal treatment of African Americans are still alive today and as stubborn as ever. My father, who is only 56, was not allowed to go the University of South Carolina becuase he was black. He was even turned away from hospitals in Columbia, such as Baptist, because he was black. I ask you how can society’s treatment of African Americans change in just 30 years? Now people can not very well go out and lynch African Americans again, so they have to “Regulate” African Americans in a more indirect manner. I ask you to open your eyes for a moment. Why is there a high school that is nicely equiped with up to date technology and books and with highly qualified teachers, while a majority black school only minutes away has essentially no up to date computers with books that are badly out of date? My parents had to read books in school that taught them to believe that African Americans can not learn, that they were like animals and were only good for playing sports. Why is there not a mixture of blacks and whites living in neighbors together? Why if I drive into a mostly white neighborhood I am followed by cops or watched by neighbors when I live there? Basically, those same people trying to “Regulate” Africans Americans like they have always been trying to do: Limit their education and finances, bind them to the land (neighborhoods)and patrol.

Eyes Wide Shut, at 10:41 am EDT on May 27, 2005

Higher Education

Higher education’s objectives according to the missions statements of many colleges/universities are scholarship, service and teaching to the community. Which community is higher education seeking to serve? Is it for the numbers of African Americans who were not only denied admission based on the color of their skin but were the subject of a national, timeless,orchestrated effort to repress and oppress any ideas or dreams that they could even learn. Given the lack of diversity present at most institutions with the exception of MSI’s (minority serving institutions) it appears that African Americans are the community higher ed is seeking to enrich. Neither are Hispanics, Native Americans and Pacific Islanders and other people of color. There are individuals who are still in positions in higher ed who supported and still support the oppression of people of color. Lynching is still going on in the halls of academia. The academy is suffering from anemia and inbreeding. It is in desperate need of a blood transfusion and is dying. In genetics, inbreeding is damaging to the genetic integrity of the genome and may predispose the genome to higher rates of mutation. The genome is the academy, the mutations are policies and procedures that seek to maintain the status quo and will seriously affect the mission of higher ed. Is higher ed working for who it was designed for? Has higher failed?? Is it showing its true colors???

Black Man, Scholar, at 6:07 am EDT on May 28, 2005

Dwindling Support

Institutional inequality is as much a part of the American experience as the Constitution itself... not that it’s often or easily admitted.

Please, don’t misinterpret my opening... inequality is wrong; always was, still is.

In my opinion, the American experience —from the refusal and inability to deal with the issue of slavery from the onset of the republic, to the lack of access to unbiased opportunity today— is first an experience of privelege, then of some half-hearted attempt to honor the “all men are created equal” doctrine.

Jem makes an excellent point when noting that “disenfranchisement is more often an economic process in this country than a racial one....” Wealth has and continues to rule in America. After all, this is a capitalist economy first, a democracy second.

The foundation of economics stresses the Factors of Production, a) land, b) labor, and c) capitol as essential to understanding and sustaining the economy.

Often (in class), I challenge students to research the land deeds of early America to determine how the land (which, in truth, was not owned by anyone’s ancestors when they arrived here) was inappropriately and disproportionally divided among “certain men.” From the beginning of the republic there was greed, corruption, and favoritism in allocating land.

Acording to the 16th edition of Microeconomics by Samuelson and Nordhaus, “The greatest disparities in income arise from differences in inherited and acquired wealth. With very few exceptions, the people at the very top of the income pyramid derive most of their money from property income. By contrast, the poor own few material goods and therefore earn no income on their nonexistent wealth” (p. 348).

Not surprising —when examined historically— the “founding fathers” (white, land and slave owners) knowingly couched the language of their laws —specifically as applied to voting—to omit such Americans as a) non-land owners, b) females, and c) people of color.

As such, people in power —and by default— in control of land and the distribution of land-ownership, made certain that “only their ilk” could exercise that most democratic of rights, i.e., the right to vote.

In my eyes, it has been and remains today, a story of “good ol’ boys” exerting control... and I happen to be a middle-aged, middle-class white man —who was not invited to the party.

Michael, at 9:44 am EDT on June 1, 2005

“except for MSI’s??!?!”

Black Man,

why are MSI’s excepted from the group of institutions that lack diversity? Simply identifying them as “minority-serving institutions” tells me that they will probably have a low level of diversity. Take a look at historically black colleges and universities in the US and tell me what percentage of their student bodies are non-black. Howard, North Carolina A&T, North Carolina Central. They are just about as ethnically and racially imbalanced as any school you will find! Because “imbalanced” might have a bad connotation, I should say that by “imbalanced” I am speaking in terms of percentage enrollment by ethnicity. Schools all over the country are experiencing movements to increase minority enrollment for the sake of making that school’s particular student body more diverse. Are the MSI’s doing this to a similar degree? In all fairness, I know that white students (for example) can get scholarship money to NC A&T for being an underrepresented group.

Gary, student, at 10:31 am EDT on June 2, 2005

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