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Gender Gap at Flagships

For about a decade now, educators have been noticing — and worrying about — a growing gender gap among college students, 57 percent of whom are female.

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Among high-school seniors, women are more likely to have the ambition to go to college, to enroll, and then to do well, according to Education Department data. But much of the attention of those concerned about these figures has focused on subsets of the undergraduate population where the gender gap showed up most quickly and most dramatically.

Community colleges have reported severe gender gaps for years, which is consistent with studies showing that the gap in college-going rates is greatest among low-income students. The gender gap is quite large among black students, leading to significant gender gaps at historically black colleges, and in black enrollments at other institutions. And liberal arts colleges have struggled with the issue for years, with all sorts of theories about why men prefer to go elsewhere.

Now, evidence is emerging that the gender gap is extending as well to flagship public universities, some of which have not had to deal with the issue. At the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill last week, some trustees were stunned to learn that the freshman class was 58 percent female. Some trustees suggested that the university consider some form of affirmative action for men, though the university doesn’t plan to do so.

Some flagship public universities remain relatively equal in terms of undergraduates. The University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and the University of Maryland at College Park, for example, typically have 51-49 splits or 50-50 splits (and have similar figures this year).

But Chapel Hill isn’t the only public facing the issue. While the university is still adjusting statistics, it appears that the next freshman class at the University of Virginia will be 56 percent female, up from 54 percent the previous year. The last time women made up no more than 51 percent of the student body there was 1991, and until 1980 women were in the minority. At the University of California this year (system wide), 57 percent of California residents admitted as freshmen were women.

At North Carolina, it fell to Jerry Lucido, vice provost for admissions and enrollment management, to explain to trustees why affirmative action for men is not the answer.

Lucido said that he thinks many flagships have been immune to the gender gap because they have large engineering programs that have substantial majorities of male students. He said that institutions like Chapel Hill that do not have engineering programs and have “more of a liberal arts orientation” will see the same issues liberal arts colleges have had.

“I’m really not surprised by the numbers,” Lucido said, adding that Chapel Hill does not use gender as a factor in admissions decisions.

He cited a number of reasons why trustees and others are concerned. “They wonder about the social environment, and about the future of alumni giving. They are looking at all of the angles,” he said.

Lucido also said that the issue is difficult at Chapel Hill and elsewhere because trustees remember their own college experience as having the opposite sort of gender gap.

Linda Sax, an associate professor of higher education at the University of California at Los Angeles, said that the Chapel Hill discussions illustrate the need for much more research on the gender gap, including questions of whether the gap is greater at some types of institutions. “There really is not yet a clearly defined explanation or a research agenda,” she said.

Sax said that given the size and duration of the gender gap, it’s also time for more study of its impact. “What is the impact on the campus environment, on women’s experience, on men’s experience?” Sax asked. “And what is the lasting impact on society of having a better educated female population?”

Scott Jaschik

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Comments

I find it rather amusing that this is the top story on the page and the last of the news items today is that fewer schools are employing affirmative action.

Perhaps when white men are severly underrepresented in the universities we will suddenly remember that it is useful?

That’s probably just the cynic in me...

timfc, at 11:17 am EDT on June 3, 2005

Gender Gap

Women outnumbering men is a big issue when no one really cared how much men out-numbered women in the past? Perhaps soon there will no longer be excuses citing a lack of qualified women for high-level employment.

MCV, at 1:06 pm EDT on June 3, 2005

Those who have commented negatively so far might not if they had an attractive, smart daughter at a liberal arts college who couldn’t find a date, or ends up “marrying down” intellectually if she wants to have a family or just not die alone.

E. Gordon, at 4:46 pm EDT on June 3, 2005

University Leanings

Women with high aspirations may consider that a college degree offers validation of their abilities. In competitive careers, women may feel the need to have this edge; it’s possible that men who don’t go to college may believe — rightly or wrongly — that there are other ways to achieve their goals.

Kathleen Rowley, at 5:10 pm EDT on June 3, 2005

Hair of the Dog

timfc writes, “I find it rather amusing that this is the top story on the page and the last of the news items today is that fewer schools are employing affirmative action. Perhaps when white men are severly underrepresented in the universities we will suddenly remember that it isuseful?”

I don’t think so. To the extent that the “gaps” are simply the result of individual preferences, choices and levels of ability, I don’t see any problem. But problems do exist. Programs aimed at encouraging young people to pursue careers in science, mathematics or engineering are always directed towards “women and minorities.” Young white males who might benefit from a bit of social encouragment don’t get any. They might also note the massive efforts by colleges and universities to use “affirmative action” to increase the hiring of “women and minorities” in the name of “diversity.” Read, for example, the City Journal article, Harvard’s Diversity Grovel (http://www.city-journal.org/html/eon_06_03_05hm.html)by Heather Mac Donald.

Any young person interested in a technical or scientific career might notice the fact that many jobs in such fields are being sent off-shore, and that cheap foreign labor is being imported to compete with American born andeducated job candidates.

If these issues are addressed, there will, of course, still be “gaps” — mechanical engineering programs will be more male, creative writing programs will be more female, etc. — but, overall, the system will be more fair. That is what white males need: fairness, not the hair ofthe affirmative action dog that is biting them.

larry, right-wing blogger, at 9:21 am EDT on June 5, 2005

A quick visit to the UNC website reveals that the Board of Trustees suffers from its own gender gap—though it is, predictably, the opposite of the one that plagues the student body. There are eleven men and three women. Is it any wonder the the UNC BOT is wringing its hands over there not being enough men on campus?

Mark Graybill, at 10:13 pm EDT on June 6, 2005

Where the men went

Perhaps this has been a longer trend, but it seems to me there is a war going on. This tends to impact male enrollments.

Another issue is a successful “conservative” campaign of making campuses look like places that condone the harassment white males. This is, according to federal case law, illegal now, but the public and some campuses are not aware. Having been harassed from time to time before the case law was established and afterwards due to my not knowing the change, I know the reputation is partially earned. It will take some effort to erase this stigma.

Where do they go? If a man can get a job with little or no education that pays over $50,000/year and a man who spends 4-9 years on college tuition fees gets paid less than $40,000 per year, which man ends up with more money in the long run, assuming that retirement investments are stable? Perhaps we should consider this when making assertions about intelligence... Particularly when women make it crystal clear that, as far as dating (and especially marriage) is concerned, money matters. Working in higher ed, I sometimes get a look at those national statistics on median income and have to wonder how I don’t come close to the median or the mean income... Did I spend all those years on education just to be paid even less than if I had just started working right out of high school? I expect our more intelligent young men are seeing these statistics and asking the same questions themselves.I’ve had some interesting converstations with male students along these lines. One former student decided it was better to work for a factory while the opportunity was available. Thanks to the local labor union, I work harder than he does while he makes about twice as much. It doesn’t have to be factory work. There are also police, fire, construction, and other jobs that offer pay similar to what a college graduate can expect to make without the time and money spent on a degree. When I see my next job opportunity offering little more in compensation than what I could have expected from working over the whole time I spent on education, I have to ask myself if I made the right decision and if this path was really wiser.

Ian, at 5:19 pm EDT on July 22, 2005

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