News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
Sept. 14, 2005
“Should the United States worry about its educational system?” That’s one question asked in an annual report on education worldwide by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The answer appears to be Yes.
The report documents numerous strengths in American education, especially higher education. But the report notes many ways in which the rest of the world has been slowly catching up with the United States.
For example, the United States leads the world in the percentage of people (35 percent) aged 55-64 who have a college education. With the exception of Canada (34 percent), no other county exceeded 27 percent. But as the report notes, that means that the United States was a world leader in providing higher education 35-45 years ago.
Examine younger population groups and a very different picture emerges. Of those aged 25-34, 39 percent of Americans have a college education. But that percentage puts the United States in seventh place among OECD nations, behind Canada (53 percent), Japan (52 percent), South Korea (47 percent), and Finland, Norway, and Sweden (all 40 percent). Belgium ties the United States percentage and Spain is just behind at 38 percent.
Other statistics suggest that American domination of science may also be in danger of ending. For example, the OECD study compares the number of university graduates produced in the sciences for every 100,000 persons employed who are 25-34 years old. The United States figure (1,069) is well behind numerous nations, such as Finland (2,172), South Korea (2,000), Australia (1,942), Britain (1,926) and France (1,900).
Achievement of high school students also doesn’t look good for the United States. In international comparisons of literacy, the United States scores about average among OECD nations for 15-year -olds, and it scores below average in mathematics. The report also notes the absence of a “strong elite” in mathematics in high school, with relatively few students achieving very high scores.
Among all OECD nations, the report notes continued progress for women — but only in certain fields. Women now make up 57 percent of university graduates, the report says. But because participation of women in certain fields lags in many countries, their share of degrees does not top 30 percent in most science and engineering fields.
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This article seems to assume that a larger percentage of the population with a college degree better in an absolute sense than one with a smaller percentage. In my little town it is a lot easier to find a good teacher, CPA or lawyer than a good plumber, electrician or auto mechanic. Do the marginal social benefits of an ever increasing proportion of college degree never decline?
Max, at 2:17 pm EDT on September 14, 2005
This article brings up some interesting points, but they are merely statistics without the larger picture attached. First, America doesn’t need as many scientists, we are a much larger economy, and even today, many scientists with masters and PhDs cannot find jobs; degrees don’t equal jobs. Second, like Rome, Americans live in decadence unknown to the world. The quality and ease of life lived by suburban upper class kids is unrivaled by other countries. Of course our math scores are going to decline, math is one of the most labor intensive (mentally) academic fields. Other countries with the culture for math (e.g. South Korea, Japan, China, India) already fill the rosters of economics, math, and science programs in the United States. This is no suprise.
Notice though, the key mathematicians and scientists in the United States, however, are mostly from America. And it is these researchers, our homegrown researchers, who dominate the world. So this report doesn’t assess the whole, just a few parts.
Lastly, while 50% of Canadians might be getting a college degree, they don’t have the same resources as American students do. Our funding and research programs are unrivaled. Looking at the undergrduate level is a good indicator, but maybe we should look at graduate degrees, or also what are the world rankings of these schools? I would bet that Americans, on average, attend better schools, thus possibly nullifying the percentage gap of socialized countries with major funding problems.
brett, indiana university, at 3:08 pm EDT on September 14, 2005
I think this article makes some important points. Moreover, I don’t understand how some readers don’t recognize this as a serious problem. A college education should be more than a ticket to employment. Why can’t plumbers and mechanics have a degrees?
If more of our citizens had a higher education, I believe our government and media might improve.
Finally, I think the statement that ‘we are a much larger economy’ is short sighted. How big is the economy in China?
Brian, at 7:24 pm EST on November 14, 2005
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It may be worth analysing whether our edge is being lost in terms of quality as well as quantity of degrees awarded. While some European schools are excellent, few compare with the top tier of American institutions. Likewise, in areas outside of engineering and some hard sciences, we are still ahead in terms of the quality of our student’s education.
What is more worrysome is the inability of the academy to focus its student resources on preparing Americans to compete against their foreign counterparts. The Chinese, Indians, and Koreans have scrapped the liberal arts at many of their engineering schools, and some Indian and South Korean programs are five years of straight engineering and math.
This should be compared with the American system, in which students take two full years of liberal arts, and then two yeares of engineering. Given that we are behind in Mathmatics already, how our students will be better trained in two years than their counterparts with five escapes me.
If the academy would address career-prep related issues, corporations would be more willing to spend money to send employees back to school on their dime. While classes on TV shows and sex humor are still a major presance, it may be hard for them to justify the cost.
The rapid rise in the cost of college should also be addressed. Indian schools are cheap, the European ones are government subsidized, and we bear a high cost of education that dissuades low-income student from even attempting a degree. Perhaps the academy should be looking at where its money is spent and cutting the fat so our students can afford their education.
Kevin, Undergraudate, at 1:38 pm EDT on September 14, 2005