News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
Oct. 21, 2005
The National Collegiate Athletic Association declared Thursday that it had rejected Bradley University’s appeal to be dropped from a list of institutions deemed to have “hostile” or “abusive” Native American nicknames or mascots, in a ruling that spells trouble for the rest of the 15 institutions that remain on the NCAA’s list. Bradley’s teams are known as the Braves.
Since the NCAA first announced its policy restricting the use of Native American imagery in NCAA championship events in August, it has granted appeals to three institutions: Central Michigan (Chippewas) and Florida State (Seminoles) Universities and the University of Utah (Utes), all of which use nicknames affiliated with individual tribes.
The NCAA granted the exemptions to the three universities after they were able to show that the affiliated tribes supported their use of the names; the association also rejected an appeal by the University of North Dakota after concluding that a majority of Sioux tribes wanted the university to stop using the name Fighting Sioux.
But almost all of the institutions that remain on the list of institutions that face restrictions on their participation in NCAA championships because they use Native American imagery have general nicknames that are not affiliated with a particular tribe — relatively innocuous names like Indians (seven colleges) and Braves (two others besides Bradley), or more distinctive (and contentious) ones like the Redmen (Carthage College) or Savages (Southeastern Oklahoma State University).
Bradley is the first institution with a general name like that to have its appeal considered by the NCAA. In rejecting its plea, Bernard Franklin, the association’s vice president for governance and membership, said the review committee had concluded that because “no Native American tribe ‘owns’ the word ‘Braves’ in the same way it owns the name of a tribe,” Bradley “cannot overcome the position that the use of such a name leads to a hostile or abusive environment.”
“By continuing to use Native American references in nicknames,” Franklin said, “institutions assume responsibility over an environment which they can not fully control, and fans, opponents and others can and will exhibit behaviors that indeed are hostile or abusive to Native Americans.”
He added: “At an ever increasing rate of occurrence and volume, Native Americans have expressed their objection to the use of names, terms, imagery and mascots associated with athletics teams. The term ‘Braves’ is among those many Native Americans find objectionable in athletic settings.”
The NCAA’s statement lauded Bradley for eliminating its Native American mascot and other imagery in recent years, and for establishing multicultural courses, “recruiting Native American students and helping educate its constituents on the meaning of the term Brave.” But “the review committee believed that Bradley could have sent a very clear, unambiguous message of its respect for Native Americans by eliminating the use of Braves as its nickname when it removed the other Native American imagery.” “Good intentions and well-meaning efforts by schools cannot by themselves overcome the objection of those being characterized by such terms.
Bradley issued a terse statement saying that it would consider its options, including an appeal to the NCAA’s executive committee.
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The NCAA is right for being strict about the use of Native American nicknames and mascots. There is a greater need for sensitivity among human beings for the people they offend.
Native American activists have complained to the NCAA about the disrespectful use of such imagery and it’s good that they responded.
I agree that it is definitely a major inconvenience to the schools on the “hostile” list but it’s even worse to keep degrading the names and culture of a particular group of people.
Why allow one group of people to continue to have fun at the expense of another? Something had to be done about that!
Regards, Donnell Duncan, Founder and President, The Cracked Door, “If the Door is Cracked, the Door is Open”
Donnell, Civil Engineering (Structures) Graduate at Georgia Instititute of Technology, at 8:20 am EDT on October 21, 2005
Who has NOT heard about the Florida State Seminoles championship football teams? The Utes were ranked 5th and earned a BCS bowl berth last season. Central Michigan’s basketball team usually makes an appearance in the NCAA tournament.
Was there ever any doubt that Florida State would win its appeal? Is it a surprise that any of these three schools were granted absolution?
Where does the Bradley Braves stand next to these successful athletic programs? Or any of the other institutions on the NCAA’s “blacklist?” If the Braves were ranked in the top 25 right now, how would the NCAA had ruled?
Tom McCool, Ivy Tech Community College, at 12:05 pm EDT on October 21, 2005
The argument that these school mascot names degrade cultures is purely a matter of perspective. Mascots are not chosen for their comedic value. They are chosen because the school is looking for an image that conveys things such as strength, pride, fierceness, competitiveness, and (sometimes) honor. It is only because mascots are treated as humiliations by others that they are interpreted as such. If we treated the person who wore the costume as though they were being accorded an honor instead of treating them like a dork, I’m sure that mascots would have a better reputation among their namesakes.
That being said, if we cannot use “Indians” or “Braves” as mascot names because they are insensitive, I suppose that it will not be long before ALL names referring to people are removed:
1) No more “Vikings". Offensive to Nordic people. 2) No more “Mongols". Offensive to Mongolians. 3) No more “Aztecs". Offensive to Hispanics. 4) No more “Warriors". Offensive to pacifists. 5) No more “Fighting Irish” because it perpetuates a stereotype that all Irish are drunken fighters.6) No more “Trojans". Offensive to people in Asia Minor. (Oh, wait...that will probably be accepted because of the marketing potential)
I hate using a slippery slope argument, but where does this end? Are we headed toward a place where we are only able to use abstract concepts, random objects, and cartoon designs as mascots because we otherwise risk offending someone? Before long, even animal mascots will be challenged by PETA as being degrading to the animal kingdom.
I really want to know how far is too far.
Garic, at 12:10 pm EDT on October 21, 2005
To address Tom McCool’s comments, I think the University of Illinois Fighting Illini will have trouble with any appeal they make (and although the y have a lousy football team, their hoops team is highly regarded). That being said, I think you’re right to suggest that money may drive some of the decisions about what is acceptable and what isn’t.
To the commenter who complains that changing masot names might lead down a PC slippery slope: there’s a world of difference between appropriating someone else’s culture and mocking their traditions and the self-naming of the Fighting Irish.
Chuck Tryon, Visiting Assistant Professor at Catholic University of America, at 12:44 pm EDT on October 21, 2005
Chuck:
Actually, there are a significant number of people who would argue that my statement is correct.
A number of resources state that no one really knows for certain how the “Fighting Irish” mascot originated. However, there is some credence to the story that, originally, Notre Dame was referred to as the “Fighting Irish” as a slam against the Irish immigrants who came to the US and attended Notre Dame. Anti-Irish sentiment led to the stereotype that all Irish immigrants were drunken people who were looking for a fight.
Notre Dame decided to create a positive connotation for the moniker so that they could take take pride in it. Their efforts have been successful, as the general public never even considers that people might have disliked the Irish for being, well, Irish. However, that does not disprove that American culture from the 1900s has a number of unfortunate examples of anti-Irish and anti-Catholic sentiment.
This leads to a question. If it could be irrefutably proven that Notre Dame’s mascot was originally an ethnic insult, would it then merit being banned by the NCAA?
Garic, at 3:02 pm EDT on October 21, 2005
I’ll agree with you that the Fight Irish nickname’s origin is somewhat contested, and quite honestly, I wouldn’t care if Notre Dame was pressured to change their nickname.
But there is a distinction between the Sioux who don’t want their name affiliated with the University of North Dakota (and even the generalized “Braves” or “Indians” mascots) and other groups who want the affiliation to remain (such as the Seminoles). If there were more active protests by Irish people of the mascot, I’d be more than willing to entertain their arguments.
On one level, this issue comes back to “self-naming.” If a significant percentage of Native Americans don’t want to be identified with a stereotype, then we should respect that.
Chuck, at 5:06 pm EDT on October 21, 2005
I can appreciate both sides of this dialogue, but I tend to agree with Garic and Chuck’s comments above, “how far is to far.” I can remember, and not so long ago, when mascot’s were specifically used because it was a University’s (teams) way of showing pride. How did we take “mascot” ..."one that is thought to bring good luck” (Webster’s Dictionary) and turn it into something offensive? I realize that a specic Native Americans have voiced their opinion in regard to stereotyping, but if you use that as reasoning I suppose you could say their are an equal amount of Native Americans that do like the fact that it is a positive and pride-full recognition and appreciation of their culture. How did we let something so good become so complicated?
Robin, at 7:57 am EST on November 10, 2005
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“Indians” is Innocuous?
I think that Doug Lederman misses the entire NCAA point by claiming that the use of Indians as a sports nickname is relatively innocuous. What about the Idaho State University Jews? Or the Montana African-Americans? Or the Vermont Hispanics? If one is innocuous, why not the others?
Marty, at 7:40 am EDT on October 21, 2005