News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
Nov. 3, 2005
There is no shortage of jokes about the United States having too many lawyers. If there are any corollaries about law schools, the punch lines are falling on deaf ears at a host of institutions that have plans to open law schools.
Since 2003, at least seven new law schools have opened, and several more are on the way, including three that were announced at Drexel and Elon Universities and Mills College. Officials at some of those institutions said the new law schools are not just adding more desks, but will fill particular niches. Student demand suggests that the new schools are welcomed.
Drexel University doesn’t have a faculty yet for the law school that will open next fall. But 325 applications have poured in in the last month. Carl Oxholm, senior vice president for the Drexel Law Center, noted that, while law schools have opened in recent years, none has been at a “nonprofit, top-tier, doctoral granting private institution” like his.
Oxholm said that law schools generally have not responded meaningfully to a 1992 study by a committee appointed by the American Bar Association to find how law schools can churn out better lawyers. To incorporate some of the study’s findings, Drexel’s law school will require every student to do a six-month externship where they will be encouraged to reach beyond the traditional law firm job. “There is more to law,” Oxholm said. Students have to learn “how businesses and environmental engineers rely on lawyers, about intellectual property policy.”
Oxholm says the notion that the country simply does not need more lawyers is shortsighted. “The Baby Boomers are getting old,” he said. “The legal problems they’re going to have are going to be astounding.”
Elon University will also open a law school next fall, and Dean Leary Davis can’t wait. “We really like lawyers,” he said. “And there’s probably no greater responsibility than doing something special with a new law school.” Davis said the law school will focus on students’ personal as well as professional development.
In the last 30 or 40 years — the last explosion of law schools was in the 1970s — “competence has been equated with knowledge,” he said, and skill courses and clinical opportunities have increased. But, Davis said, “we see that we have lawyers who seem to have good knowledge and skill, but still don’t give timely, affordable, good legal services.”
Davis said that to produce responsible, effective lawyers, law students must also develop personally. So Elon will have “executive coaches,” who Davis said will help students battle against “dark side traits,” he said, like lack of discipline, procrastination and perfectionism.
Davis also noted that, while some states have an abundance of lawyers, North Carolina has the second lowest total per capita. He said that nearly half of all first-time takers of the bar exam in North Carolina graduate out of state. “In an information society, we need the assistance of lawyers,” Davis said.
John A. Sebert, the consultant on legal education to the American Bar Association, said that new law schools have generally been started by for-profit or religious institutions, or in states that perceive a dearth of lawyers. Liberty University School of Law, which opened in 2004, is one of the young religiously affiliated schools. On the blog of Bruce W. Green, the dean of the Liberty law school, the April 8, 2003 entry points out that the opening of law schools has not kept pace with population growth.
Still, some people, and not just bankers in need of lawyer jokes, wish there were less need to open more law schools.
Robert J. D’Agostino, a professor at the John Marshall Law School, thinks that, while the job market may suggest a need for more lawyers, an unfortunate trend of lawyers and judges effectively “becoming legislators,” he said, is pushing the need for more lawyers.
D’Agostino pointed to high profile class action suits – often against gun and cigarette manufacturers – where lawyers have “attempted to legislate by running companies out of business. It’s expanding tort law to blend into the legislative arena,” he said. “We had to have the vaccine companies threaten to pull out of the country” before the government stepped in, he said, referring to cases in which a small number of people adversely affected by a useful vaccine stood to win massive amounts of money in court.
California already has 19 law schools, but Mills College is about to begin a market research study to see if it should add another. Renee Jadushlever, a spokeswoman for Mills, said a law school would focus on “alternate ways” to resolve legal disputes rather than “just head first jumping into” litigation. She added that, though the undergraduate college is for women, and the graduate and professional schools are coed, the law school would have a special focus on opportunities for women in law.
D’Agostino noted that more law schools don’t necessarily result in a corresponding increase in lawyers, as law is an entrée to many professions. One thing, he added, is clear: If they are reputable, new law schools will not lack applicants. John Marshall had long been state accredited, but last year was accredited by ABA. “Our applications quadrupled,” D’Agostino said.
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So North Carolina has the second lowest number of attorneys per capita ... and Elon University is going to leap to the rescue – or is it rise to the bait – by opening a new law school. And won’t that contribute to Elon’s burgeoning reputation ... a law school ... Wow!
If there were a real dearth of attorneys in NC, the state should institute a cost effective program that will assure the availability of an ample number of high quality lawyers practicing in the state. How? By outsourcing, of course.
Step 1: Set up an office that screens and approves candidates who intend to matriculate at out-of-state Tier 2 or higher law schools (a very small number of Tier 3 law school contracts may be approved under certain circumstances).
Step 2: Provide each approved candidate with a free tuition ride with the proviso that s/he must (1) complete the program, (2) pass the North Carolina bar exam on at least the second try, and (3) practice law in North Carolina for at least five years after passing the bar.
Step 3: Any candidate who fails to satisfy the conditions of Step 2 must repay his or her tuition “loan” – with an interest rate slightly above whatever the market will bear.
Note: In-state law schools will remain competitive by being of high quality and by hustling endowment support for generous scholarship programs.
I leave it to Larry to provide the details.
And why is this a good idea? Well, in addition to guaranteeing an ample and easily controlled supply of high quality young attorneys at “rock bottom” prices, it will make it unnecessary for universities like Elon to develop and maintain high-cost, Tier 4 (or Tier 3 if they’re lucky) law schools who’s enrollments will ebb and flow with market conditions and will necessitate instructional adjustments in response to that ebb and flow.
“Ouch! ... we seem to have miscalculated the number of needed attorneys ... we’re producing too many.” No big deal, you won’t have to close any schools ... or reduce the size of any programs ... or provide law school training “on the cheap” by utilizing an inordinate number of adjunct professors. You merely cut back the number of outsourced scholarships. There is a similar response to “Ouch! ... we seem to have miscalculated the number of needed attorneys ... we’re producing too few.”
I’m certain most of your readers believe this is simply a matter of throwing resources (young people) at the market and, efficient mechanism that it is, let it achieve optimality the way markets invariably will. I just love it when economists introduce market principles into discussions of education and training. Check this Uniform Resource Locator http://www.ilrg.com/rankings/law/tuition.php/1/desc/Tuition
RWH, at 1:04 pm EST on November 3, 2005
I agree with Lin Yutang, a Chinese American writer who said:
”When there are too many policemen, there can be no liberty. When there are too many soldiers, there can be no peace.When there are too many lawyers, there can be no justice.”
It is unfortunate in a time when there is a shortage of scientists, engineers and teachers that well known institutions focus their energies on producing more ambulancechasers.
Dewey Stanford, at 1:04 pm EST on November 3, 2005
Larry, we definately already have far too many lawyers. Many of them are reduced to working at Kinko’s and the like for lack of law work (and good training) while many of the remainder have resorted to bringing nuisance suits. Those who can are trying to legislate — and unfortunate and almost undeniable trend that bodes ill for the future of this nation.
Kevin, Undergraduate, at 1:05 pm EST on November 3, 2005
RWH, I like your idea. It is cynical and practical. We should do lunch.
Dewey, Is that what passes for serious analysis where you are from? Personal injury lawyers, unlike others, are probably most responsive to the market’s needs. If people that were injured could easily be compensated without lawyers there would be little or no need for them. The fact is, however, that most tortfeasors (that is, people that injure others) don’t want to part with their money.
Kevin, I don’t know any lawyers that work at Kinkos. However, if they are working at Kinkos, I probably know some places that could use them. Sure, these places might not be as glamorous as upstate New York, but there definitely is a need in some places. As to “training” for lawyers beyond law school this is obviously a complex issue, however, for the most part I blame the individuals for not finding jobs that would provide them with the training they need to be “in demand” a few years down the road.
Larry, at 2:28 pm EST on November 3, 2005
It is true that there are lawyers working at Kinkos. They are also working in malls and other low-wage service jobs.
The sad truth is that unless a student graduates from a so-called “top tier” law school, or is ranked in the top 5-10% of any school, then that student is going to face a lack of opporunities. If the student “knows someone", then the opportunities flow much easier.
There is of course the option to enter into solo practice. Great if one has the resources, but if not, then what to do?
Employment outside the legal profession is also hard to find. One reason is that experienced attorney’s hate their jobs and are now willing to take the so-called “low-prestige", high quality of life jobs.
So far, neither the article, nor the commentators above , evidences that they understand the current job market for law school graduates.
lawstudent05, at 8:32 pm EST on November 12, 2005
Lawstudent05, I got an idea. Quit now.
You obviously don’t care about actually working as a lawyer. If you did, you would quit whining and find a job and/or make yourself look smarter. There are plenty of opportunities for lawyers out there. Sure, some might be a little far away. Some might require you actually develop an interest in a field of law that your friends consider “boring.” (Not everyone can practice celebrity-related law and hang out with R. Kelly.)
But, if you are the kind of person that doesn’t like doing what lawyers do, then you never should have started law school in the first place. Come to think of it, I hope you do end up at Kinkos.
Okay, that was a little harsh. Law school is a stressful time. If you go to a lesser school you will think that there are no jobs for your kind. This just isn’t true. What is true is that your professors look down on you, and the “career development” people are morons and hate you. But, if you are the least bit interested and motivated, you should have no problem finding a job.
Anyway, if you want to make yourself look a bit better, here are some tips that will help people without the ability to cheat/schmooze/whatever your way onto law review:
1)Apply for clerkships. You should apply for about 200. Lesser schools sort of discourage people from doing this, but you should do your best to get complete applications out to judges all over the country. Don’t be afraid of state judges, too.
2)Write law journal articles. Even if you are not on a journal, you can submit to other school’s journals. (If you have no published at least three times by the time you graduate, you definitely should not have gone to law school in the first place. You don’t care.)
3)Get a research assistant position. If you do a good job, at least one professor won’t hate you.
4)Get a joint degree in a real subject – or get the number of credits required to take the patent bar.
5)Do a student activity that is just like an “honor.” While many schools leave moot court and trial team open to the “best” students, there are usually ways to participate in moot court or trial practice events without having made the cut (because you were stupid).
(Don’t work for free, everyone hates volunteers and interns.)
I don’t know if there are too many law schools or not. There probably are too many law students, and many of those students are unmotivated and easily scared. When I was younger, I used to try and scare people with tales of working at Kinkos. But, I have matured (a bit) and now realize that the kids that can’t find jobs are just whiners and never should have gone to law school in the first place.
Larry, at 9:50 am EST on November 13, 2005
Yes, there are too many law schools. I am an attorney and it is ridiculously competitive to make a living. Not only do you have to compete against other lawyers, but you have to compete against all the non-lawyers seeping into our practice areas. If I had to do all again I would have been a dentist. To me law schools are for the benefit of the faculty, not the soon to be job seeking student. I was really naive. I could go on forever but I will end with one revealing statistic.
LAW SCHOOL
ABA accredited law schools: 190, with varying degrees from high to low admission standards.# Unaccredited law schools: ?, have a pulse, pay the tuition, will admit.
My class size: around 250
Rough number of students graduating per year 47,500, not including the unaccredited schools.
DENTAL SCHOOL
Dental Schools in U.S.: 56, High Admission Standards.
Class size: under 50
number of students graduating a year: 2,800.
and don’t even get me started on comparing salaries of dentists to lawyers. Yeah, you hear about so and so attorney that gets some multi-million dollar verdict and keeps a third, but I know plenty of lawyers that are unemployed or are making really low money. You do not hear that about dentists.
Steve, Law Schools, at 5:00 am EDT on June 15, 2006
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D’Agostino trolls for contribution (and externs)
Perhaps when there is adequate legal representation for all that need it, there will be too many lawyers. Perhaps when all criminal defendants are represented by at least two lawyers, there will be too many lawyers. Perhaps when “inadequate effective assistance” of counsel is a claim that can never be credibly made there will be too many lawyers.
There are many ways that legal education could be improved, but making kids work for free isn’t one of them.
For the life of me, I wish I understood why schools want people to work for free before they are highly skilled and can actually benefit the people they are working for. Externships are usually just viewed as an unpaid opportunity to schmooze, and some employers view legal externs as pests that couldn’t get real jobs.
That said, if someone with 5 or more years of experience wants to do pro bono work in an area of law that is not supported by the free market, god bless ‘em. But to have overgrown college students thinking they can save the world as part of a job campaign does little more than invite high laundry bills.
D’Agostino is hardly a reputable person to ask about the state of legal education in the US.
Saying that judges are “effectively becoming lawyers” is a rhetorical device used only to communicate with lay people, so I suspect that D’Agostino is trying to gain credibility with a certain political crowd (especially as he goes off on a tangent about class action lawsuits, which have been around for several hundred years, anyway). Of course, there is always a philosophical debate about whether any judicial decision can be apolitical (and such criteria can be articulated in advance), but I don’t think that D’Agostino wants to intellectualize that much. He wants donors. Likewise, he also seems to forget that after the Vaccine Act there is fairly little conventional vaccine litigation in the US, anyway. So, D’Agostino’s rants are aimed at some donors, who would normally say “there are too many lawyers” and “we don’t need law schools” but he tries to show why he is “different.”
D’Agostino says one other silly thing about “reputable” law schools. Graduates of an unaccredited law school generally cannot take the bar in most states. (California being an exception.) One would have to be both crazy AND braindead to go to one of them. Real reputation comes over time, when the law school can attract high-profile professors and its students will have their choice of places to work. John Marshall just isn’t in that ballpark yet.
Larry, at 7:00 am EST on November 3, 2005