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End to the Admissions Index

The University of Washington is set to begin a new admissions process that will have readers poring over every single application in detail.

In the past, the university has used the “admissions index” provided by the Washington Higher Education Coordinating Board to determine about half of all acceptances. The index is simply a grid that assigns each applicant a point value, based on standardized test scores and high school grade-point average. Washington automatically accepted students with a rating of 70, which corresponds to, for example, a 1020 SAT, and a 3.9 average; or a 1290 SAT and a 3.64 average.

If a student did not make the admissions index grid grade, admissions officials would review the application using another grid that scored students based on various academic and personal categories. Now, every one of about 16,000 applications will get the full treatment, minus a rigid scoring system, as part of Washington’s “holistic” admissions process. Admissions staff members will look at all materials submitted to try to get a complete picture of each applicant, still including test scores and grades, but paying attention to things like personal challenges that an applicant has faced, and displays of leadership beyond the classroom. Basically, any and all relevant experiences will be on the table for application readers to consider.

Other public institutions across the country have made similar moves, including the University of California, the University of Kentucky, and the University of Michigan. The moves at Kentucky and Michigan were, at least in part, the result of the ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court in a case in 2003 involving the University of Michigan that an institution can consider race or ethnicity as one factor in admissions, but not as rigidly scored qualities.

In Washington State, consideration of race, ethnicity and gender in public college admissions was banned in 1998 after voters passed Initiative 200. After passage of the initiative, the percentage of black, Hispanic, and American Indian students in the freshman class dropped from 9 percent in 1998, to 6 percent in 2000, apparently because fewer minority students applied. That number has since rebounded to 9 percent.

Critics of the holistic approach, which will look at socioeconomic background in an attempt to paint a picture of what an applicant’s life has been like, say that the change is a veiled attempt to institute racial preferences.

According to Phillip Ballinger, director of admissions at Washington, however, the new system will not explicitly consider race, “which is against the law,” he said, and is simply a better system that is commonplace at the nation’s most selective private institutions. He said that high school counselors support the new approach, because many students have previously taken easy schedules to protect their grades and qualify for automatic admission. “Students are smart. Why take that fourth year calculus when you can take intro to breathing and save your G.P.A.,” Ballinger said. He added that some students simply didn’t apply because they felt their index score was too low.

Jim Sulton, executive director of the Higher Education Coordinating Board, applauded the switch, and said it will bring in a “more capable” class, and one with “more diversity of experience.” He noted that Washington State University has also ditched the board’s index in favor of its own index, which includes the difficulty of high school courses. Washington State is also considering using a comprehensive approach like Washington’s. “My hope is that the index is gone [from all public institutions] early next year,” Sulton said.

Naturally, the holistic admissions process will be quite a bit more labor intensive than the grid system. The university plans to spend $250,000 to bring in four admissions office staff members, and to hire 20 graduate students as application readers.

Ballinger said that the new process will ensure that Washington really gets the best students by looking at the difficulty of the courses a student has taken as well as the challenges he or she has faced in life. “Let’s say our job is to pick the best swimmers,” he said. “Some are in a still lake, some with the current in a stream, and some against a choppy ocean. Students aren’t all in the same pool. There are things that are important to look at, that are not simply quantitative.”

David Epstein

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Comments

Right on

It will be much better if the University of Washington use basic skills assessment test or proficiency exam in their holistic admission process and eradicate SAT [which has been holding African Americans and minorities down] in its application process.

David Robertson, Professor at SUNY, at 9:17 am EST on November 9, 2005

Grid

The death of the grid is unfortunate. For a time, an objective means was used. Now we go back to the arbitrary subjective feelings of the admissions staff.

The standardized tests are the most objective measure we have of measuring student quality. To presume to do better is a little much.

Socio-economic factors? Diversity of candidate? Sounds like they’re going back to affirmative-action and lowered standards.

“Students aren’t all in the same pool"? Possibly the worst quote I’ve heard in weeks.

Kevin, Undergraduate, at 10:43 am EST on November 9, 2005

Slackers rejoice!

I see this as good. I know a lot of people who, by most standards don’t deserve a college education. They drank in high school. They watched TV. They don’t care about learning. Now, rather than have to cram for tests they will just put a few buzzwords on their applications and the admissions committee (usually made up of people that wouldn’t know good scholarship if they saw it) will buy it! This decision is a victory for slackers everywhere!

Larry, at 12:53 pm EST on November 9, 2005

Standardized tests have never been a particularly good measure of applicant quality- though some may want to debate whether or not we should presume to do better, it would be difficult to do much worse. I fail to see how reading an entire application (and forcing consideration of potential strengths and weaknesses that are not visible in the numbers provided by ETS et al.) weakens the admissions process.

dan, at 12:54 pm EST on November 9, 2005

Standardized Testing

What strengths and weaknesses can be evaluated reliably that aren’t on standardized tests?

Membership in racial groups? Is that a qualification?

What about motivation? Anyone can write “I am so darn motivated to go help my community” — and that should mean nothing because you have no means of evaluating it. Besides, this has little to do with academic ability.

And so forth.

We should be considering people’s abilities as they are, not guessing at what they could be, or making excuses for what they are.

Kevin, Undergraduate, at 2:15 pm EST on November 9, 2005

Well, what is better than standardized testing?

Personal statements are a load of crap. Everyone tries to guess what the committee wants to hear.

Ethnicity and race are things that everyone want to simultaneously pretend don’t exist, but likes to feel good about, anyway.

High school grades can be manipulated on the basis of taking easy classes, and “schmoozing” the teachers.

Letters of recommendation can be had by the kid with the most social skills.

Larry, at 2:15 pm EST on November 9, 2005

pluses and negatives

While I have been continually frustrated by the inequities present in standardized test results (SAT or statewide assessments, etc). I must agree that having some common standard of measure is effective IN PART. A holistic review allows effectively trained professionals to assess GPA, couseload, testing, essays, involvement, recommendations, the whole portfolio that represents the most comprehensive review of an applicant that can be made. Those who criticize essays and recommendations make a swipe (sometimes justified, many times not) that admissions officers are untrained and unprofessional—to which I challenge those to actually participate in an application reading cycle at some point (or maybe read the “Gatekeepers"). What does the ACT or SAT actually measure? Ability to predict first year grades? to predict degree completion? Ability to predict proficiency? You’d be hard pressed to find overwhelming empirical data in any area (though first year grades comes perhaps closest).The move toward holistic admissions review is a labor intensive process but done right, it typically does include some assessment methods that BOTH quantitatively and qualitatively judge an applicant’s merits. And let’s not forget that this applies for the top 10% or maybe 20% of schools that are selective in the first place. Like the best scholarly work, a combination of qualitative and quantitative assessment by trained professionals works better than an either/or process. Then, considering each institution’s priorities, the best decisions are more often than not made. Admissions is an inexact science and overemphasizing standardized tests over the ability of an applicant to advocate for their place, through leadership, superior writing, or honest interest in a personally tailored list of courses that actually interest the student, shortchanges the student—who should be as important as the institution in finding the best fit for a student’s skills and an institution’s opportunities.

former admissions counselor, at 5:07 pm EST on November 9, 2005

Why are white elites scared?

I am always amazed that when a college looks at the whole student, some white elites starts saying that the schools are giving race preference. They have been giving whites affirmative action since 1492—-this is normalized.

mike, at 6:40 pm EST on November 9, 2005

whole person schmole person

Don’t worry, most white people I know are able to convince an admissions officer that their “whole person” is interesting and even overcame adversity, even if they are spoiled party girls.

Larry, at 9:22 pm EST on November 9, 2005

Admissions

Well, first, lets address writing. What constitutes good writing? (Note the inconsistant grades any two college enlish professors will give any paper.) What would suggest that the brief and directionless admissions essays would approximate ability to write research papers and test essay questions? Conversely, what would ‘poor’ writing indicate?

Second, convincing an admissions staff member that someone is of worth may include (and often seems to in debate) criteria having little if anything to do with academics.

Often, this drifts into “personal character” and the like. This is effectively impossible to evaluate from an essay, and it is conversely easy to fake an interest in non-academic areas and write about “commitment to community.”

Lastly, anything in any essay can be insincere or inaccurate. Furthermore, any essay could have been written by a parent, friend, teacher, internet site, or anyone you can cut a check to. It ultimately proves little if invalidated — and few ever are caught.

Standardized tests solidly and consistantly measure performance in areas that should be a legitimate concern to any school. Aptitude in these areas are the best approximation of capabilities I am aware of.

Kevin, Undergraduate, at 4:37 am EST on November 10, 2005

standardized testing

kevin — perhaps you might want to do a bit of research on the topic of the predicitve validity of standardized testing wrt college success (defined as retention, achievement and graduation). simply put, they have little use beyond the first year, and even then it’s pretty weak. after that any predictive validity falls apart because of what happens during that first year and beyond. high school grades are a better predictive tool, particularly when put in a context like within-high school rank.

again, try doing a bit of reading. start with rebecca zwick’s “fair game". but dig deeper, and you’ll be surprised. and as an added bonus your opinions will be grounded and well-informed.

current ed policy researcher, at 3:22 pm EST on November 10, 2005

Standards

High school grades can be comprimised by a number of factors which standardized tests cannot be. That is the reason for my preferance for the — no variables, just a straightforward comparison of abilities.

Kevin, Undergraduate, at 3:47 pm EST on November 10, 2005

Current Ed, Perhaps you want to do some research on whether it is possible to manipulate college grades by taking easy classes. As much as it pains me to say it, Keven in spot on: when you get away from agreed-upon, written standards, it open the door for manipulation.

Larry, at 6:49 pm EST on November 10, 2005

Empirical research has consistently shown that SATs, at best, predict ONLY 15-20 % of the variation in FIRST YEAR grades. Perhaps it’s one of the better tools we have but Kevin, you can’t deny that it is highly unreliable. Additional studies have shown that there is NOT a direct correlation between SAT’s and graduation rates. Although I believe that standardized testing is important, the over-emphasis of these tests will actually hinder the ability of universities to admit the the most QUALIFIED STUDENTS (NOT QUANTIFIED STUDENTS- as solely adhering to numerical measures of student ability and potential will severely undermine our commitment to meritocracy and the fundamental definition of quality). Top liberal arts schools, like swarthmore, reject 1/2 of their applicants that score a perfect 1600 on the SAT. Why? Because the ability to ace a test does not imply that you have a high level of intellectual curiousity, leadership skills, emotional intelligence, etc.

Plain and simple the SAT is far from the the accurate tool some proclaim it to be. The scholarly world understands this, maybe you will too if you expose yourself to bipartisan empirical research, Kevin. I suggest reading the works of Jencks, Tinto, and Bowen and Bok.

frank, assistant director of admissions, at 2:19 pm EST on November 12, 2005

so how come we admit all these losers ?

Frank, the idea of bipartisan empirical research is quite interesting. Does this mean that there are two partisan research who work together ?

From my perspective, I think that Keven is occasionally wise beyond his years. Schools are filled with party-girls, frat-boys, and people who do very little work. Most people know full well that admissions officers at schools that can’t attract people with high test scores as easily hoodwinked by personal statements describing motivation, drive, and interest. The fact is, most high school students spent most of their years, crying, partying, going to the mall, and not doing anything really great. Even the ones that “published” usually did so because of connections or a vanity publisher. Most of the ones into “public service” did so as part of a carefully-staged stunt. But, there is nothing wrong with us. Most of us can’t be famous authors or Mother Theresa by the time we are 18. Besides, it wouldn’t be much fun, and if everyone had a really strong personality, there would be no troubled teens, and with no troubled teens, the therapists would be unemployed.

Nevertheless, you admissions officers have to justify the fact that you are admitting bimbos and fratboys (as well as idiot kids of donors – which you do track), so you explain how everyone is special, different, and has superior qualities.

Larry, at 11:38 am EST on November 13, 2005

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