News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
Jan. 26, 2006
The last year has been a tense one for many Baptist institutions, including Mercer University. The Georgia Baptist Convention moved to sever ties to Mercer, ending a relationship that dates to the university’s founding and provides millions a year in scholarship funds.
Many in the convention view Mercer as not Baptist enough. But in a strongly worded speech last week — released by the university Wednesday — Mercer’s incoming president has set out a new model for Baptist higher education, where universities avoid becoming religious enforcers but also resist secularization.
“I think there is the potential for a different kind of Baptist university — a potential for a model of a university that is committed to Baptist principles and committed to remaining Baptist even though it lacks any formal affiliation with any Baptist group,” William D. Underwood, who has been acting president of Baylor University and will take over at Mercer this summer, said in an interview Wednesday.
In his talk, he criticized some actions taken at Baylor, and the push by some Baptist leaders to tell educators what to teach and think. He said that he believed that the model of university he was proposing not only had the potential to offer a new experience to Baptist students, but to be attractive to academics of all faiths — people who might have previously never considered taking a job at a place like Mercer.
The Baptist convention in Georgia split with Mercer over a number of issues, among them the extent of free expression that would be allowed on the campus. Underwood said in his talk that colleges should resist having “spiritual masters to tell us what to teach, what to learn and what to believe.”
“Our responsibility to use our intellects, to think for ourselves, to come to our own conclusions has important consequences for Christian higher education in Baptist universities like Mercer,” Underwood said. “To be a great Baptist university, we must be a great university. To be a great university, we must be committed to the pursuit of truth.”
Underwood went on to say that no Baptist leader or body should be able to tell professors what to teach. He noted that people have in the past cited the Bible to condemn Galileo and to defend slavery and segregation. Knowing this, he said, limits cannot be imposed on campus debate. “Our faculty and students must be free to discuss, advocate and debate even ideas that are controversial — even ideas that challenge prevailing viewpoints.”
As an example of how Baptist universities should not handle controversy, Underwood cited a 2004 incident at Baylor, where the then president threatened to punish the editors of the student paper for writing an article advocating gay marriage. While Underwood said he disagreed with the students’ position, he said that he “disagreed even more” with the idea of punishing students for their views. By declaring some views off limits, he said, Baylor “lost a valuable opportunity to gain new insights through an intellectually rigorous examination of the issue.”
In the interview, Underwood said that at Mercer, he would not object to student groups discussing human sexuality, including gay issues, and that he would not ever attempt to kick out a student or faculty member who came out. He said flatly that on issues of free expression of ideas “academic freedom is academic freedom.”
In his speech, Underwood vowed to resist any attempts to bar certain ideas from Mercer and said that those who try to do so “fear defeat in the marketplace of ideas.” Such bans, he said, “would bring about stagnation of our faith.”
At the same time, he said that Mercer and other universities that are separating from state Baptist conventions risk secularization — and he promised to resist that as well. He said that many religious colleges have sacrificed their heritages, and he did not think that was necessary or the right thing to do.
Rev. David W. Key, director of Baptist studies at Emory University’s theology school, said that Underwood’s talk could end up being quite significant — if he is able to stick to those ideals. Key said that as Mercer moves away from the Baptist convention, the challenge for Mercer will be to show how an education there is different from that at a secular institution. And Key said that even if Mercer doesn’t have to worry about the state convention, it will have to worry about what donors think.
“The test of this will come when there is something controversial,” Key said, adding that he hoped Underwood could pull off an administration based on the ideals in his speech.
Jonathan Knight, director of the Department of Academic Freedom and Governance at the American Association of University Professors, called Underwood’s speech “very welcome” and said that it demonstrated the possibility of being “committed to academic freedom and to religious faith.” Knight said that he thought faculty members elsewhere would take note. “When a president takes a stand for academic freedom, faculty look at the president and at the institution,” he said.
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What is this “truth” of which the previous author, from “Univ. of Bible", speaks? If it were so apparent, wouldn’t everyone just agree and never discuss it? We haven’t found the absolute truth because it isn’t within our capabilities. The constant expansion of our understandings and misunderstandings is far more vital to our survival than clinging to a broad and vauge image of “truth". That is the task, and I dare say the God-authored mission, of Mercer. Can we get things right? Yes. Can we get things wrong? Far more often than we get them right. But if we never invest those talents, we become a lazy and worthless slave, sitting on what the master gave us until it is time to give it back. You can keep your “truth". I don’t want it.
D. Fuller, at 10:15 am EDT on August 24, 2007
Three cheers for Bill Underwood, a president who really gets it. And Baylor let him get away! Baylor’s loss is certainly Mercer’s gain.
MDS, at 8:25 am EST on January 26, 2006
Hurrah for the new president at Mercer! Historically, Baptists have advocated the primacy of individual experience of faith, a spiritual insight that should enhance and strengthen the concept of academic freedom. Unfortunately, in the last quarter century the fundamentalist virus that has infected Baptist schools and organizations has been antithetical both to notions of academic integrity and to “the priesthood of the believer.”
Dr. Underwood is both bold and visionary in attempting to offer the nation a university that bases its educational philosophy on religious principles without allowing the doctrine associated with those principles to stifle intellectual AND spiritual growth. May Mercer and its president prosper.
Bill Dockery, University of Tennessee, at 10:45 am EST on January 26, 2006
Mercer’s new President Bill Underwood is highly respected and loved at Baylor and in the Waco community. He is a gifted leader and “walks the walk” of the teachings of Christ. The faculty, staff, and board at Mercer can rejoice. They have made a brilliant choice.
Mary Darden, at 11:15 am EST on January 26, 2006
My congratulations to my Alma Mater for what appears to be an excellent choice. Dr. Underwood’s comments, however, remind me that many at Mercer had enunicated and lived these postions decades ago. Joe and Jean Hendrix, Tom Trimble, Rufus Harris and other visionary and clear-headed administrators and faculty at Mercer during the late 60’s and early 70’s showed that a Georgia Baptist institution could lead on issues of improved race relations, liberation from sexual sterotypes, honestly in govermnent, and yes, even on issues of religious liberalism. Academic freedom was not easy, as the protests and threats to withhold funding by the Bapatists attested, but those at the helm and in the classrooms did not blink then. For Mercer’s sake, I hope that Dr. Underwood will exhibit the courage of his remarks, and of his predecessors.
Bill Marett, at 2:10 pm EST on January 26, 2006
Reading this story, it is hard not to think of Jonathon Edward’s words on the “sanctification of reason.”
All the best to the folks at Mercer, from another Baptist scholar.
Cicero, Professor of English, at 2:41 pm EST on January 26, 2006
The rest of the world (and indeed some parts of the US) look on the existence of such “universities” with amazement. How can they even use the name, when religion has an overwhelming influence on university policies, hiring, leadership, the curriculum, and freedom of expression? Interesting talking to a friend who went for faculty positions at a few. In most cases there was unwelcome oversight of the syllabii he wanted to teach. How does the AAUP deal with such places?
SP, at 3:41 pm EST on January 26, 2006
SP,
You have no idea what you are talking about. I don’t know how even to begin to address such ignorance. Many of the best schools in America and around the world are religious. Learning and the advancement of truth has, in fact, been under the exclusive care of religious institutions throughout most of the history of the west. If it wasn’t for the church there would be no such thing as scholarship. Furthermore, I assure you that secular institutions are no less “biased” than religious ones; they simply make different assumptions. It takes a very academically isolated and historically ignorant person to react with indignation to the idea of religious education. Who do you think founded Princeton?
Cicero, Professor of English, at 10:00 am EST on January 27, 2006
When a Christian institution looks to the world for validation, accreditation and worldly truth instead of the bible for Biblical truth it jeopardizes its integrity and denies biblical truths and its biblical role.
Porkchop, THP at School of Porkchops, at 11:25 am EST on January 27, 2006
I am no expert on the early history of US universities, having only taught in large American publics (for 4 yrs) and getting a PhD at a smaller private one there. At no time was I questioned about my religion when I was hired, despite being in 2 very Republican states. Of course many universities have religious origins, but today, they don’t require tests of faculty loyalty like the private christian colleges, which are the ones I regard as being far from credible in academic terms. There is widespread disquiet about the policies of such places — see on this website, the reaction to Mercer College’s policies on gays and other matters — and that fact that Oklahoma Christian University can actually kick out faculty who suffer the pain of a divorce, whatever the cause of that divorce: http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2005/11/17/baptist. Then there are the extraordinary policing efforts at Wheaton College, where they kicked out a prof. who converted to catholicism, http://insidehighered.com/news/2006/01/12/faith , and the equally severe tests of faith and general policing going in all the other colleges mentioned in those articles. These are not credible academic institutions, since they do not accord with basic principles of academic freedom. Theological experts without faith, for example, will not get hired, even if the know the bible inside out. Mark Noll’s The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind dealt with the dangers of doctrine, while Robert Wuthnow (of Princeton) deems that “American evangelicalism is an intellectual embarrassment". Several commentators have noted the AAUP disapproves of the hiring policies of such places — I asked earlier if this is so, and several replies elsewhere on the site suggests they do.
SP, at 10:55 am EST on January 29, 2006
I highly concur with the views expressed by the new President. The new American Taliban (SBC fundamentalist) wants only fundamentalist views taught, no Liberal Arts and world views. How does one grow with blinders on?
Bobby, Dr. at Retired, at 4:10 pm EST on February 6, 2006
Many congratulations to the Mercer president, who seems to be laying out a quite visionary proposition of how a ‘religious’ university can operate as a prestigious, high quality university that obtains the respect of serious Baptist and secular scholars alike. The goal of a university with a religious affiliation should not be to teach faith (indeed, even the Baptists disagree over what to believe at the margins) but to allow for the free discussion of these faith-derived views in coordination with other faith-based perspectives and those with support from the standard tools of Western scholarly thought. As the new president has discussed, a religious university (one not over-run by religious fanaticism) permits such an open dialogue in a way that public universities can not given their associations to a society that has decided, by mutual consent, to separate religion from the government (in principle, at least).
Incidentally, SP, you need to do your home work. Mercer is a prestigious university with a curriculum not dominated by religion in any respect. This is not one of these universities with chapel requirements and silly social regulations. The role of a religious associated university (if any) is a serious one and the discussion is not advanced by secular fanatics with no tolerance for the entire subject matter
Moreover, Porkchop, though I am a little rusty on my mythology, I am not certain that the Bible assigns a role to universities in spreading the Good News. I would suggest that the Church stick this role and the University be permitted to get on with its comparative advantage…teaching students to practice the examined life (I do not see, ex ante, why such a life should be incommensurate with the Baptist way of life and I hope that you agree).
John Silence, at 10:45 am EST on February 17, 2006
After reading some of what is written here, I understand the issues of what has taken place a Mercer. You don’t have to look very far to see what has become of the first religious schools of this country. They left their Christian roots behind for a more secular/perverse way of thinking. Freedom of thought and dialog are important factors in understanding, but not at the expence of biblical doctrine. When any (ANY) “christian institution” begins to allow any form of free expression that deviates from a biblical world view, leaves behind Christ in the process.
“Theological experts without faith, for example, will not get hired, even if the know the bible inside out.”
This his probably one of the single worst statements I have read in quite some time. You only have to look as far as individuals such as Fosdick, Schleiermacher, Tillich and Beecher to know that that statment is absolutely false.
“Mark Noll’s The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind dealt with the dangers of doctrine, while Robert Wuthnow (of Princeton) deems that “American evangelicalism is an intellectual embarrassment”
Truly the only dangers that reside from doctrine are when men deviate from it. As for the quote from Mr. Wuthnow, Princeton is one of those former Christian schools I mentioned earlier so it should pull no weight with anyone.
Finally I have to applaud the convention for pulling away from Mercer, it is probably best to distance yourself from an institution of higher learning that no longer is willing to follow truth.
T. Holland, Univ. of Bible, at 11:55 pm EDT on April 14, 2007
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Truth?
What is this “truth” of which the previous author from “Univ. of Bible” speaks? If it were so apparent, wouldn’t everyone just agree and never discuss it? We haven’t found the absolute truth because it isn’t within our capabilities. The constant expansion of our understanding and misunderstanding is far more vital to our survival than clinging to a broad and vauge image of “truth". That is the task, and I dare say the God-authored mission, of Mercer. Can we get things right? yes. Can we get things wrong? Far more often than we get them right. But if we never invest those talents, we become a lazy and worthless slave, sitting on what the master gave us until it is time to give it back. You can keep your “truth". I don’t want it.
D. Fuller, at 9:55 am EDT on August 24, 2007