April 21, 2006

Beyond 40 Acres and a Mule

Scholars who gathered Thursday to discuss the idea of reparations to African Americans are under no illusion that such payments are about to happen. Even those who were most sympathetic to the idea acknowledged that there was no political will in the United States to make such payments.

Looking for a job?

See all 209 new postings

Browse all job listings:

Faculty: 3,626
Administrative: 1,892
Executive: 169
FEATURED EMPLOYERS

But the reason members of the Organization of American Historians held an open forum on reparations as part of the group’s annual meeting is that many scholars consider this an issue that won’t go away — and that poses particular challenges to their discipline. So many delicate issues in history and public policy — defining who is black, defining who should feel either guilt or complicity for slavery, the relative evil done to groups like slaves, Holocaust victims or Native Americans — relate in some way or another to the reparations debate. And many were in evidence Thursday.

Participants said that the while the issue isn’t exactly capturing attention from Congressional leaders, it is getting attention in scholarship and in classrooms. “Most white Americans view the idea of reparations as a new or strange idea, but in fact it isn’t new or strange,” said Ray Finkenbine, a professor of history and director of the Black Abolitionist Archives at the University of Detroit Mercy.

Finkenbine traced the history of the reparations idea back to before the United States was a country, when the topic was discussed in colonial circles. The main reason the idea has seemed so “fringe” to white people recently is that, after the Civil War, the reparations movement changed from one with interracial support to one that was taken seriously only by black people. He added that historians today have a responsibility — and one he said that they are starting to fulfill — to fight this “racial amnesia” in white America.

The recent publication of Mary Frances Berry’s My Face Is Black Is True: Callie House and the Struggle for Ex-Slave Reparations (Knopf) is one of a series of new books that show just how long the movement has been around, Finkenbine said.

Several participants said that there were reasons that the reparations issue is particularly a focus on college campuses, and likely to increase as a focus. In 2001, the conservative activist David Horowitz took out anti-reparations ads in numerous student newspapers, which got rejected by some papers and set off protests at other campuses. In many cases, his anti-reparations ad — which many viewed as needlessly inflammatory — ended up attracting more interest to the issue than existed previously.

Then in 2003, Brown University created the Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice, which is examining a series of topics including the links between Brown’s founders and the slave trade. Ruth Simmons, Brown’s president, has said that the committee will not lead to a reparations plan from the university, but the committee has been widely described (and was described by some historians Thursday) as a reparations committee.

The panel has been finishing up its work and is planning to present its findings soon to Simmons, who is expected to release them to the public. That the panel isn’t pushing for financial payments doesn’t mean it doesn’t fit in the reparations debate, others said. Several scholars said that the reparations movement should be viewed as seeking “public acknowledgment” in some way, and that checks are just one form such acknowledgment might take.

Marie Jenkins Schwartz, an associate professor of history at the University of Rhode Island, said that Brown’s move is part of a broader shift in public attitudes about slavery. She said that when she arrived in Rhode Island 11 years ago, no one in the state seemed aware that there had once been slaves there. Now she is teaching students who learned about this part of the state’s history “and want to know what to do with that information.”

Not all of that information will be easy for people to process, warned Emma Jones Lapsansky, curator of the Quaker Collection and a professor of history at Haverford College and co-editor of Back to Africa: Benjamin Coates and the Colonization Movement in America, 1848-1880 (Pennsylvania State University Press). Coates was a businessman who opposed slavery and wanted to pay freed slaves money — to send them back to Africa.

Lapsansky said the Coates story and so many other bits of history suggest that the reparations debate is about much more than reparations. “This is about who ought to be in this country, who ought to get land, and who has a right to decide,” she said.

Most of the attendees at Thursday’s session were white, and Lapsansky noted that even though she was one of the few black people present, the issue of reparations speaks to white and black scholars and students. “There is a larger American ache,” she said. Students are frequently attracted to the reparations movement when they learn about slavery, and are stunned by the details, even if they knew at some level about slavery from a young age, several professors and high school teachers said. Some described students crying and asking “what can we do?”

At a few points, the session risked dissolving into political rhetoric, with stories about black suffering competing with quips about whether Oprah Winfrey needs reparation payments. But most of the discussion was civil and more scholarly. (The comment about Oprah was expanded by another scholar to focus on the issue of whether reparations were originally to be seen as a tool for slaves to start earning money to support themselves, or as compensation — a question that has ramifications for the debate today.)

One scholar suggested that reparations not be paid to individuals but into scholarship funds that would help low-income black students. By providing “40 months of tuition and a tutor,” such a fund could replace the old concept of “40 acres and a mule.”

Updating “40 acres and a mule” is, of course, complicated. One person at the session said he was there because he opposed reparations, which he said would send a signal that the United States alone was responsible for slavery, when the blame needed to be shared with other countries. This scholar also spoke about how paying reparations would create a precedent.

Miranda Booker, a Ph.D. student in history at Howard University, responded by noting that talking about reparations as a unique idea was false. She noted that the United States had made payments to those Japanese Americans who were placed in internment camps during World War II, and that it did not strike Americans as odd that Germany has made payments to Jews who were sent to concentration camps. “Why is it only African Americans where this issue is so difficult?” Booker asked, suggesting that people needed to do “some soul searching” about that.

When a community college professor who described himself as a libertarian said that there was a difference in that the reparations cited by Booker and others went to victims and not their descendants, several scholars noted that black groups had sought reparations immediately after emancipation. “The time that has passed cannot be attributed to black folk,” said Michael Benjamin, a Ph.D. candidate in history at Drew University.

Finkenbine said that historians can contribute — even while policy makers are hostile to reparations — by reminding others of some of the facts discussed at the session. He noted that many early advocates for reparations warned that if they weren’t paid right after the slaves were freed, the issue would resurface again and again. Thursday’s session, he said, suggested that these advocates were correct.

— Scott Jaschik

Want it on paper? Print this page.
Know someone who’d be interested? Forward this story.
Want to stay informed? Sign up for free daily news e-mail.

Comments

40 acres and a mule can we still collect

I am an african-american woman who has been interested in the fact whether we owed 40 acres and a mule? As I read articles on this it appears that people keep dismissing that fact that blacks are owed. It burns me to know that Korean-americans received money from our government for their inconvience during WWII but as blacks we are once again denied and are at the bottom of the economic scale. It seems as though we are still slaves to this country building the “White House” during James Adams term as president as well as many other structures that are historic in this country. I feel that our government not only owe us morally but also financially. Enough is enough for the abuse of our people. It seems as though our government feels that “three hots and a cot” is a form of reperation becuase of the fact that 90% of the men in jail are black males. More jails are being built to house them. So instead of 40 acres and a mule they get a 10x8x8 and a corrections officer. instead of giving us a hand up we are held down by welfare and jail.

C Rines, at 3:05 pm EDT on April 22, 2008

Here we go.

It would be quite an ordeal to identify which Americans are the decendants of slave owners, wouldn’t it?

I have a new theory. Its called: If it didn’t happen to you, let it go. Decendants of slaves, Palestinians, Irish, Native American, Jews, whatever. Work hard and be happy.

There is hereby an end to the practice of passing grievance on from parent to child. I have decreed it.

Samwise, at 10:00 am EDT on April 21, 2006

Affirmative Action U

Now Scotty has us in the reparations business. Here is a great starting point. Have Harvard and all of the other older institutions pay reparations to all of the groups they excluding from higher education. One four year degreee at no cost for every family of the immigrant groups they barred their doors to — start there, then we can take you seriously.

It amazes me that people who assure us that there is no way we can sort our current illegal immigrants from our current population are equally conviced that we can mete out justice to the distance ancestors of our current population based on race and former slave status.

So Scott, how do we handle the following situations -

-Slaves who “worked out” and purchased their own freedom (do they differ from the thousands of indentured servants who came here?) -Ancestors of former slaves who owned slaves of their own — payor or payee? - Turkish slaves from Thomas Sumpter’s experiment in central South Carolina? - Native Americans who sold themselves into slavery for a few quick meals, then booked it at the first opportunity?- Baroch Obama?

sillyone, at 10:51 am EDT on April 21, 2006

40 acres

Samwise,

Your theory is shared and espoused by both Black and White students in my classes and in race study circles held on campus. My surprise is that even some form of public apology by our government (albiet for sins way since passed) is so vehemently disagreed with. Until there is some real recognition that the U.S. used an entire race of people for a couple hundred years and that the ‘use’ and abuse of these people were a significant part of our rise to economic greatness, then the reparations topic will likely continue. The white elephant in the middle of the room, ironically, is our ‘what to do about reparations for our legacy of slavery.’ Can’t we at least promulgate a united message: We messed up and we’re sorry.

Jodi, Teaching Professor at North Carolina State, at 11:30 am EDT on April 21, 2006

What? We haven’t recognized that slavery was wrong?

Under what tortured logic can Jodi assert that we as a society haven’t acknowledged and atoned for the sins of slavery? Affirmative action programs, diversity training, African American studies classes, Black History Month, tendentious self-flagellation in history books, renaming a street in every city after MLK, separate MLK holiday, monuments and memorials to African American members of every trade and industry (veterans, fire fighters, teachers), smiling black faces among impossibly diverse crowds on the cover of every government publication about education or health care or anything else, as well as in every Macy’s ad, outreach programs targeting African Americans and others, ebonics instruction in the Oakland school district...I mean, really, what more do we need to do to try to acknowledge that slavery was wrong, and to try to overcome the legacy through special attention to blacks?

Publius, at 12:55 pm EDT on April 21, 2006

Publius the Wise

Have we not wised up enough to realize that groups that harp about equality really are not looking for equality. They just want more. In a democracy, numbers mean clout. Unfortunately, that is a battle that African Americans have already lost to Hispanics. How ironic that in the more than twenty years of this major demographic shift, the only complaints we have heard from Hispanics have been over the last two weeks! I would legalize them all for that reason alone.

Let God and demographics sort our equality in a free market democracy. And no group should demand justice for their group’s behavior and historic contribution to society, for fear they may receive it.

sillyone, at 2:35 pm EDT on April 21, 2006

Publius

Wow. I don’t think my logic is as tortured as your feelings about diversity. Seems to be some anger there (affirmative action, street namings, brochure photos (?)... I was only advocating a simple verbal action.

Jodi, at 2:40 pm EDT on April 21, 2006

Simple verbal action

America made use of slaves for hundreds of years, and, like most other countries, eventually came around to outlaw the practice. It was wrong to have established that system of slavery. Slavery is immoral. Many (now long-dead) individuals were treated poorly, in some cases horribly, by this system that the US employed. We’re sorry that our forefathers ever did it.

There. Can we move on now?

Publius, at 3:05 pm EDT on April 21, 2006

Say yes to cynicism

Not anger, dear Publius. Just cynicism regarding social causes. Affirmative Action is a legitimate negotiating ploy by a group acting in self-interest in the greater game of competition and survival. Don’t confuse your poor negotiating skills with anger on my part. A handful of protected classes does not represent diversity. I am not willing to appoint you or any of the other weak sisters in higher ed as my chief negotiators. Pay your own percieved social debts with your children’s futures, not mine.

sillyone, at 3:05 pm EDT on April 21, 2006

Civil War

“Until there is some real recognition that the U.S. used an entire race of people for a couple hundred years and that the ‘use’ and abuse of these people were a significant part of our rise to economic greatness, then the reparations topic will likely continue.”

Wasn’t that recognition called the Civil War?

Bad English, at 4:50 pm EDT on April 21, 2006

Reparations and American Justice: Let’s Write About This

SLAVE REPARATIONS AND AMERICAN JUSTICE

This is an interesting argument about reparations. Ironically, Americans have always justified their injustices to African Americans and Native Americans above all other people in this country and the world. As if 500 years of white affirmative action was not enough, they then denigrated the reparations arguement. However, if any of you will — lets look at the math and facts about African Americans slavery. First, let me say that it is a xxxx shame that African American leaders could not agree on this issue in washington DC when it arose — some said yes we deserve them and others said no — and still others requested a mere 2-3 billion dollars f to settle an account balance where $50 trillion is owed to the people — that type of accounting sucks and the leaders need to be replaced with someone who can do the math about this situation.

Lets look at American history — first we justified killing about 10,000,000 Native Americans — some of whom wanted peace and made treaties with us an were then betrayed, lied to, manipulated, and misled. More than 60,000,000 Buffale were slaughtered. Later, African Americans worked and average of 255,000 per person in their lifetimes: 6-7 days a week, 16-18 hours a day, 50-60 years (age 5 to 55 or 60) and beyond. This was done by more than 20,000,000 slaves over a 300 year period and they were never paid a dime. In short — African Americans contributed more than $50 trillion dollars worth of slave labor and still more in stolen inventions to this country and were never paidf a dime.

Yes, the slave roots are very easy to trace. If we can trace people back to Africa (Oprah, Chris Rock, Kunte Kente, Alex Haley), why can’t we trace people back 143 years to 1863. It is because technology is used to support white supremacy, our interests, and things the greater populations want to support — not justice, truth, fairness, godliness, and the like. It is interesting that we — Americans rebuilt the homeland of our worst enemies: Japan $400 billion dollars, Germany $400 billion, and paid the Japanese who were in internment camps $20,000 per person for being in camps 3 years and cannot pay African Americans who were enslaved for 300 years. Why, because Black life is cheap — cheaper than others in America.

However, African Americans who were slaves for 300 years and still exist in a state of quasi-slavery, suffer injustices, are still under paid, feed injustices disporportionately by the court systems, inprisoned unustly, falsely accused, scapegoated, disenfranchised, and are forced to live in poverty are worthy of nothing? Our ancestors contributed more than $50 trillion dollars to the baseline American economy. That wealth was passed on to your present day parents from grand, great grand, and great — great — great grand parents but it has been multiplied 10000 fold. It is like raping — killing — and murdering people — which is exactly what happened and giving the wealth to your children and saying the victims deserve nothing — o compensation. In all fairness, answswer this one question: Why would we rebuild the homelands of our worst enemies, their school, businesses, and banks, and yet not rebuild or repay the very people we co-exist with every day who helped to build the country, reared our children (Black Mammies), and in some cases are part of our own families through rape and slave to master sexual orgies. My own great great great grandmother is white. The American standard in the reparations case is, has been, and will continue to be a double standard.

IF WE ARE CHRISTIANS AND FAIR — IT IS NOT HARD TO CONCLUDE THAT AFRICAN AMERICANS — LIKE GERMANS, JAPANESE, AND THE VICTIMS OF HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI DESERVE REPARATIONS (IN SIMPLE FAIRNESS AND EQUALITY OF TREATMENT. IT IS NOT HARD TO FIGURE OUT WHO SHOULD RECEIVE THE PAYMENTS IF WE WANT TO. AFTE ALL — WE CAN TRACE PEOPLE BACK TO AFRICAN VIA DNA — 500 YEARS BACK SO SURELY WE CAN TRACE THEM BACK TO 1863 — AFTER ALL THAT WAS ONLY 143 YEARS AGO.

i am interested in hearing and collaborating with logical people on this issue and perhaps producing some articles. Please email me, Lester L. Washington at llwashin@cahs.colostate.edu or llwashing@hotmail.com.

Oh incidentially, if you look at my credentials — NO — I am not sitting and waiting for Americans to give me anything — my mother worked and reared 9 of us alone — through hard work and I share that trait — hard work, studying, and the like to get what I want.

Thanks,

Lester L. Washington, MA, M.Ed., LCGC, ABD Doctoral Candidate in Educational LeadershipColorado State University

Lester L. Washington, Mr. at Colorado State University, Ft. collins, at 5:00 pm EDT on April 21, 2006

Wondering how evidence from books like Ira Katznelson’s When Affirmative Action Was White, George Lipsitz’s The Possessive Investment in Whiteness (2nd ed.), and others that focus on 20th C discrimination and state/private privileging of whiteness may affect reparations debates. Here you have fairly easily traceable and fairly recent actions against people who may still be living....

The Constructivist, at 4:55 am EDT on April 22, 2006

Here we go... again.

Samwise, at 10:00 am EDT on April 21, 2006 opined:

> It would be quite an ordeal to identify > which Americans are the decendants of > slave owners, wouldn’t it?

This wouldn’t be as much of an “ordeal” as you imagine. You’d be shocked (I imagine) to learn how meticulously detailed these kinds of — inheritance — records have been kept during the past century or so.

> I have a new theory. Its called: If it > didn’t happen to you, let it go.

Your ‘theory’ has a corollary: If it DID happen to you, pursue appropriate measures that assure justice is done.

You realize, I hope, that African Americans (living today) are due reparations for the injustices that DID happen to them.

Ukali, at 7:55 pm EDT on April 22, 2006

Constructivist, Ukali

Justice for those specific persons who have been wronged, and this wrong proven in court, can hardly fall under the title of reparations. This line of argument is a red herring that doesn’t address the wishes of those who support reparations. People get settlements all the time for discrimination that still occurs.

Samwise, at 10:35 am EDT on April 24, 2006

A decade ago I attended a convention for a large African-American organization.There were over 4,000 registered attendees. During one of the daily AM sessions the convention attendees, myself included, were struggling through a progression of monologues urging commitment to the organization’s goals. All of us were attempting to remain conscious when the next speaker, an eloquent elderly gentlemen, casually walked up to the speakers podium and proclaimed “As African-Americans we face an overwhelming social-economic problem with our young men. In my generation, we had a smaller population of men who were ready and eager to take on the rigors of training and education but we were suppressed by Jim Crow laws and totally denied opportunities for education and jobs. Today, we have a generation of young men who have the opportunities but are either unwilling or unable to the complete the training or education to benefit themselves and our race. It pains me to say this, but when things get tough .. our young men tend to quit!! Of course this is not across the board but it is prevalent. This is particularly true in their school work. It is not a generally known fact, but 95% of the African-American men who are incarcerated today do not have a high school diploma. All of us have allowed this generation to believe that there are guarantees all they have to do is wake up and someone will make it easy for them.

Granted, racism is not as overt as it was in my day. But, make no mistake racism world-wide has been passed down through generations... it is now covert but still as devastating as ever. Our young men don’t know how to recognize racism let alone overcome it. They commonly call each other a racial slur that people have been killed over. We must educate this young generation of men ..we need to provide a light at the end the tunnel. Hard work did not kill you or your parents and it won’t harm our children somehow this message has been forgotten. It is incumbent on us — as educators to amplify and address this anomaly or it will continue to have a devastating impact on our race.”

He then left the podium as casually as he approached it. There was an eerie silence as the audience didn’t know how to internalize what we had heard. The next speaker stepped forward, rather awkwardly, and did not know whether to support, apologize for or admonish the previous speaker who, unbeknownst to us at that time, was not one of the speakers scheduled that day. Business continued as usual and other than a brief conversation during a pre-dinner social gathering no one said a word about what we had heard.... until now. This Inside Higher Ed article caused me to attempt to reconstruct or paraphrase what we heard that day because, in my opinion, this speaker clearly foretold the content of this article. Defining the problem is the initial step toward solution.

Thank you for any follow-up given to my comment.

Willard WrightApril 24, 2006

Willard Wright, Ed.D., Community College Administrator, at 1:04 pm EDT on April 24, 2006

Father’s Day

You can protect people from a lot of things. You just can’t protect them from themselves. There is a larger and much more important group than African-Americans in the United States. That is the men’s club. Here is what my Dad told me I would need to do to join this most prestigious of organizations -

“You are physically stronger than others — this obligates you to protect your family, your neighborhood and your country, in that order. Work hard and provide for your family. That is what a man does.”

“Don’t whine, bully or blame others for your problems. They are yours to fix. Stay clear of men who whine. They will make you weaker.”

My father raised six children when my mother died. My Grandfather became the head of the household and the breadwinner at age nine, when his father died.

To the innumerable African-American men and women I have mentored and to my own son I have carried this same message. I have made clear to my daughter that I would want her to stay clear of men who have not joined the club.

Seventy percent of Black males have left their children to either be raised or discarded by their mothers. A growing number of young men from other groups are doing the same.

There are no group membership to the men’s club — each potential member is evaluated based on his own actions. The evaluation committee is made of his children, his wife, his family and neighbors.

The poorest illegal immigrant who takes his kids to the park on Sunday because he can’t afford a movie or a ball game is a better man than a millionaire or a college professor who has left a trail of children to either be cared for or discarded by their mother. And not by a little-by a lot.

You want reparations? Pay them to your own kids first. Make your neighborhoods safe for them. Stop whining and get busy. Until then, you may not meet the membership requirements for serious consideration as men. And any man who does not will never be the equal to those who do.

sillyone, at 3:30 pm EDT on April 24, 2006

Samwise, at 10:35 am EDT on April 24, 2006 stated:

<<< Justice for those specific persons who have been wronged, and this wrong proven in court, can hardly fall under the title of reparations. >>>

Says whom?

Reparations for any particular group of people is based on the aggregate wrongs done to each individual in that group. People of African descent (living and dead) in this country have indeed been wronged as individuals — but it’s the systemic and systematic character of these injustices that makes reparations an appropriate remedy for centuries of wrongdoing.

<<< This line of argument is a red herring that doesn’t address the wishes of those who support reparations. >>>

Again, says whom?

Proponents of African American reparations only want what is legally called for: due compensation for unjust injuries (wrongs) that have damaged them collectively. This is no red herring, it’s the law!

Reparations opponents (such as yourself) are simply not qualified to determine the merits of this issue. Your flawed reasoning can not allow or accept the prospect of “Black” people finally winning what they are legally owed.

<<< People get settlements all the time for discrimination that still occurs. >>>

This is partly true... but, as you suggest above, these individual cases “hardly fall under the title of reparations.”

Ukali, at 5:30 am EDT on April 27, 2006

Wow. Just... Wow.

Ukali

You’ve managed to imply that I am a racist, claimed that I am not qualified to determine the merits of your proposed redistributing of my monies, and still you found time to take both sides of the argument (whether a legitimate distinction exists as laid out in my previous comment.)

I’d continue this discussion with you but I can’t help but feel you won’t be listening.

Samwise, at 10:45 am EDT on April 27, 2006

Wow. Just... Wow <yawn>

Samwise, at 10:45 am EDT on April 27, 2006 cried:

<<< You’ve managed to imply that I am a racist... >>>

Not so! I strongly suggested that your mind is biased to such an extent that you can not rationally examine this issue.

Your reasoning, so far, is premised on emotion — not the facts of case.

<<< ...claimed that I am not qualified to determine the merits of your proposed redistributing of my monies... >>>

YOUR monies??!

No one has singled you out... reparations payments will come from the U.S. treasury, not you.

This is another sign that you don’t really know what’s involved here. Yet you wish to ‘argue’ without having done your homework. Tsk.

<<< and still you found time to take both sides of the argument (whether a legitimate distinction exists as laid out in my previous comment.) >>>

What I did was to begin deconstructing your weak complaints against African American reparations. You need to understand that reparations is always a *collective* settlement and can not be adequately compared to legal judgments rendered in cases brought by individuals.

<<< I’d continue this discussion with you but I can’t help but feel you won’t be listening. >>>

Whether you continue is your prerogative, though it might be better to quit now.

Either way, I’ll be listening — but not in silence.

Ukali, at 6:30 am EDT on April 30, 2006

40 Acres: What the Negro Wants

To all of you Reparations Opposers:

What blacks simply want is to be treated, paid, worked, protected, guarded by tax paid policemen — the military — highway patrolmen — sheriffs, insurers, car dealers, the constitution, judges, laws, and the like as all others in America. Blacks want cars, homes, pensions, paychecks, equality, and fairness like those white receive who just stepped of the planes or boats and receive just because they are white or light but who have contributed nothing to the country but their color. We did not and are not asking for handouts!! You paid the Japenese Americans for three years of American slavery — pay African Americans for 300 plus years and their $50 trillion dollars worth of contributions to the nation — fair is fair and equality of treatment should exist!! Just be equal and fair to all — not some based on skin color or the lack thereof. We want to live, breathe, fight, work, get paid, and buy like all other americans that enjoy life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. What is wrong when blacks demand in America, which we fought for, died for, worked to build, and gave our lives for? Foreigners who have contributed nothing to this country oftentimes gain more benefits the minute they arrive here than those who have been here for 500 years merely because of the color of their skin. You call this fair and want us to overlook it? That is racism in its deepest sense of the word, an affirmation that blacks should expect and settle for less because we are black and you view our lives and contributions as cheap and less valuable. Get a grip Christian nation — do unto all the same is all that we ask!!

Peace

Lester

Lester L. Washington, MA, ABD, Mr., at 3:10 pm EDT on August 30, 2006

Jobs Related to Beyond 40 Acres and a Mule

or search for jobs directly.

Data Manager & Analyst (09-350)
Berklee College of Music

Berklee is committed to increasing the diversity of the college community and the curriculum. Candidates who can contribute ... see job

Instructional Support Specialist
University of Maryland University College

Oversee UMUC’s inclusion on the GSA schedule and establish relationships with current and potential partners/government ... see job

Adjunct- History
Raritan Valley Community College

Raritan Valley Community College (RVCC), serving Somerset and Hunterdon County residents for forty years, offers over 90 ... see job

South Asia Studies Lecturer in Foreign Languages in Hindi
University of Pennsylvania

The nation’s first university, Penn is a world-renowned leader in education, research, and innovation. Situated on a ... see job

Visiting Professor of Art & Architectural History
Roger Williams University

Roger Williams University is one of the top ranked liberal arts universities in the Northeast and is an Equal Opportunity ... see job

Lecturer — Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Princeton University

Position Summary: The Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology has occasional need for part-time ... see job

Staff Assistant, CMS Administrator/Developer
Salem State College, MA

Salem State College is an equal opportunity / affirmative action employer. Persons of color, women and persons with ... see job

Director, Summer Travel Study Program, Queretaro, Mexico
University of California, Santa Barbara

Director, Summer Travel Program to Mexico, University of California, Santa Barbara see job

Special Projects Director – Basic Skills
North Orange County Community College District

SPECIAL PROJECTS DIRECTOR – BASIC SKILLS FULLERTON COLLEGE JOB # FCT984 100% Temporary Management Position APPLICATION ... see job

Latin American Iberian Cataloger
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

The University of North Carolina seeks an enthusiastic and collaborative librarian to serve as Latin American/Iberian ... see job