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Ready or Not

Whether they are headed to college or directly to the work force, high school graduates need to be educated at comparable levels in mathematics and reading to succeed, ACT Inc. says in a report to be released today. As a result, the company recommends all high school students should “experience a common academic program ... regardless of their postgraduation plans.”

Unfortunately, according to recent research by ACT and others, most states are doing a terrible job at fulfilling this mission, and only a few are taking significant steps in that direction.

To rectify this situation, ACT has unleashed an ambitious campaign to get the attention of policy makers, suggesting that a national college and work readiness standard be established.

“There’s this impression that all students can’t take the same courses,” says Cyndie Schmeiser, senior vice president research and development at ACT. “That certainly isn’t true. We can’t afford to educate kids to a lesser standard based on misassumptions.”

ACT’s report concludes that the expectations of students who choose to enter work force training programs “for jobs that are likely to offer both a wage sufficient to support and small family and potential career advancement should be no different from students who choose to enter college after high school graduation.”

The testing company reached its conclusions based on a review of separate tests it gives to measure students’ readiness for college and for the work force. It found that jobs that don’t require a four-year degree, like electricians, construction workers and upholsterers, which offer a wage sufficient to support a family of four, require that students meet the same benchmarks as successful college students. Those benchmarks equate to a 21 out of 36 in reading on the ACT test, and, for math, a 22 out of 36 in order to both be ready to succeed in college or to stay successfully employed at a job like upholstering.

Schmeiser says that she hopes the ACT report will provide state policy makers with the incentive to make “all student initiatives,” which require that all students are ready for college.

According to an April policy brief prepared by Jennifer Dounay, a researcher with the Education Commission of the States, few states are currently embedding college readiness indicators in curriculum and assessments. And no state currently requires all students to complete a high school curriculum aligned with state-set college admission requirements, she says.

Schmeiser says its no wonder that remediation costs for students who do enter college have skyrocketed.

Some states do provide an optional aligned curriculum, says Dounay, and a few others — Indiana, Oklahoma and South Dakota — will make an aligned curriculum mandatory for all students in future graduating classes. The April ECS briefing, “Alignment of High School Graduation Requirements with College Admissions Requirements,” provides 50-state information on the level of alignment in English, math, science, social studies and foreign language requirements for high school graduation and statewide college admission requirements.

California State University has helped that state lead the pack in some experts’ opinions because it has developed high school assessments to determine students’ readiness for college, while there’s still time to identify deficiencies and build essential skills before high school graduation.

And some states, including Illinois and Colorado — with Michigan soon to follow — have required all juniors to take the ACT, regardless of their plans for after high school. Research indicates that these actions have helped many students become college-ready who might not otherwise have been.

“I don’t think that this is an issue that can be solved overnight,” says Schmeiser, noting both the financial and ideological challenges that she believes lie ahead. “It really requires a redefinition of what high schools are intended to do.”

Rob Capriccioso

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Comments

Learn Some Precision

The author and the ACT spokesperson jumped from reading and math preparation, which ACT tested, to a common high school curriculum for students, which ACT did not test. Let’s hope that the people who do my upholstering can think more clearly than that. Students who can’t read or compute may not succeed in college or the workforce but what’s the curriculum and traditional academic standards have to do with it? Reading an automechanic’s manual is a lot harder than reading Faulkner and applying statistical reasoning to a real world decision is a lot harder than doing a quadratic equation. The leap may sell ACT tests,but the reporter should be more discriminating.

Bill Coplin, Professor of Public Affairs at Maxwell School, Syracuse University, at 7:20 am EDT on May 8, 2006

standards and circular logic

As a college composition professor and director of a large writing program, I can say that the out standards of “good writing” in college writing classes go far beyond what these ACT standards outline. Good writers know how to analyze their audience’s expectations, and the expectations of all college audiences start with content, not punctuation, synax, and structure. A perfectly punctuated and well organized paper that says nothing is not useful, after all.These standards are also clearly defined in the Council of Writing Program Administrators Outcomes for First-Year Writing (http://wpacouncil.org/positions/outcomes.html).

Applying the “critical thinking and reading” mentioned in the WPA Outcomes to the ACT report also reveals some glaring circular logic. How does ACT know that students aren’t prepared? Because the assessment measures which they design and market tell them so. How can students become more prepared? Ultimately, by purchasing their curriculum.

Linda Adler-Kassner, Director of First-Year Writing/Assoc. Prof at Eastern Michigan University, at 8:30 am EDT on May 8, 2006

Why is it that whenever a testing company comes up with a proposal to ‘improve” education, it always involves using more of their products?

Brad MacGowan, High school counselor, at 8:55 am EDT on May 8, 2006

ACT math

A big problem with ACT in math is that students are allowed the use of any calculator and are given a formula sheet that includes even the area of a rectangle. This was likely done for forstall cheating. But many (not all) high school math teachers tell their students that they do not have to know basic facts, like the area of a circle, and they allow high powered calculators on all of their tests. We get students who cannot do 1/(1/2) = 2. How does one teach them to understand the graph of y=1/x ? I routinely get students who do not know how to find the volume of a cube.

Well, I off to give my calculus final. There won’t be any formula sheets or graphing calculators!

Mike, at 10:40 am EDT on May 8, 2006

High Stakes Testing

Our son got 35 out of 36 on the ACT’s in math and flunked Calc I his freshman year. What’s with that? It would be easy to say “he didn’t study, or “he skipped class” etc. etc. The fact of the matter remains, the scores on too many high stakes tests don’t map to real world success or failure. A more accurate determination of the student’s ability might be a portfolio that documents learning outcomes over time.

Lee, at 11:10 am EDT on May 8, 2006

And, I continue to mention, HS GPA is still the best predictor of success in College. And, this continues to beg the question: Why have standardized tests continued to fail to adequately describe students’ performance in the schools?

As Jonathan Weisman noted “The scenario is almost laughable. A military and economic superpower is brought to its knees by a poorly educated work force.” 1993

Hmmm, any change? “The students being produced by our schools today are arguably smarter, more sophisticated in their knowledge, and better prepared for the new information age than in previous generations.” M Cecil Smith, 2000

Curious? One reviewer of the SAT in the Mental Measurements Yearbook observed “One fact in the [SAT] Handbook is noteworthy because of the furore about the ‘decline of SAT’ in self-selected samples: Norms for the preliminary SAT showed no downward trend from 1960 to 1983″.

Back to Weisman: ” Studies of the most sophisticated U.S. corporations have consistently failed to find a shortage of skilled labor. Instead, what has emerged is a picture of Corporate America hiding decades of mismanagement behind the presumed faults of the education system”

Steven Boone, at 12:45 pm EDT on May 8, 2006

ACT Standards?

Having just spent several months with my colleagues from across the state from both four-year schools and community colleges in working our way through what might be useful as English standards for entering college students, we had several opportunities to review data and statements from various organizations on English standards. ACT’s standards were the least useful of all the national studies we reviewed in English. Their “standards” came down to what students could recognize in the realm of grammar questions on their own multiple choice tests, very similar to their ASSET “writing” questions. So according to ACT, you didn’t need to know how to write, to argue, to read, to analyze, to synthesize, to weigh evidence—you simply had to answer grammar questions to be ready for college. That is *not* college readiness.

West Coaster, at 4:00 pm EDT on May 8, 2006

Plea from a student

As a person that only graduated from high school only five years ago (2001), I have a have quite a lot to say about my education thus far. I attended an excellent school district in an upper-middle class neighborhood the mid-Atlantic region, so how would I say I feel about my educational experience? To but it simply, I feel cheated.

Why would I, as one of the U.S.’s privileged students, complain about my schooling? Because even though I was fortunate compared to my American peers, I still felt under whelmed with the level of content taught in both my elementary and secondary schools, especially in the areas of math, science, foreign languages and non-U.S. history and culture. I was, by no means, among the most academically gifted in my classes, but even still, I never felt challenged the curriculum.

In every encounter I have had to discuss educational standards with international students and scholars, I have been slapped with the reality that the U.S. is not asking enough of its youth. Our curriculum is not globally competitive, nor does it foster the potential of our youth. Children innately wish to learn, but it seems like along the way, something is hindering our youth’s academic success.

I am by no means blaming the schools because I think they are doing the well under the circumstances of having limited resources and time, but I believe everyone that thinks the status quo is working must put politics and personal opinions aside in order to reflect on how we can improve the education of our next generation. The degree of failure of our educational system is debatable, but if there is even a slight chance that it may jeopardize the next generation of Americans’ ability to be meet the standards of our workforce or institutions of higher education, then something must be done.

S. Raible, Graduate Student/Researcher at GSE, University of Pennsylvania, at 4:50 pm EDT on May 8, 2006

What’s so great about college?

When you consider the mythology and salvational rhetoric that surrounds the institution of higher ed, ACT’s desire to prepare all students for college seems quite noble. Indeed, for much of K-12, the whole gestalt is based on the unexamined dictate, “Thou shalt produce students who graduate and go on to college.”

But as we know, many students who graduate from high school are not prepared for college. And those that are prepared (academically and in all other ways) are not prepared for Death by Lecture, Teaching by Grad Student, Class Size for the Masses As Taught to the Masses by Adjunct, and college loan debts that rival an unlucky bus tour in Vegas.

What is so great about college? There are lots of great things. But it would be nice to understand a bit more clearly what we mean by “the college experience,” esp. since we are selling this idea to as many K-12 students as possible. What are we selling them on? And if only 50% of them are finishing college with a degree, maybe we should interpret this as a rejection of our sales pitch?

Peter Campbell, at 4:35 am EDT on May 9, 2006

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