Advertisement

Advertisement

News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education

Yes, the Sky Is Falling

“The sole superpower presently on earth may not have lost all of his clothes, but he has lost at least his shirt and probably more.”

Related stories

That’s how John A. Douglass, a senior research fellow at the Center for Studies in Higher Education at the University of California’s Berkeley campus, begins his new research paper, titled “The Waning of America’s Higher Education Advantage: International Competitors Are No Longer Number Two and Have Big Plans in the Global Economy.” He argues that declines in U.S. participation rates in higher education, particularly among younger students, combined with misguided political priorities, have put U.S. higher education in position to fall behind global competitors — perhaps dramatically so.

The paper, which is aimed at spelling out problems in American higher education as Douglass sees them, is adapted from a forthcoming book by the researcher called The Conditions for Admission: Access, Equity, and the Social Contract of Public Universities, from Stanford University Press.

“The academic research enterprise remains vibrant,” writes Douglass. “But participation and degree attainment rates have leveled off and are showing signs of decline — seemingly more than just a bump or short-term market correction.”

The postsecondary participation rate for individuals aged 18 to 24 in the U.S. is 34 percent, according to a recent study by the Education Commission of the States. Rhode Island has the highest rate at 48 percent; Alaska has the lowest at 19 percent. The paper notes that relative to most other economic competitors, significantly smaller proportions of American college-age students are entering scientific fields.

Douglass says that other nations are using government policy to match or exceed U.S. participation rates and to more fully integrate higher education into national economic and social policy. “They have many problems of their own,” according to Douglass, “but it is the political will and trajectory of their efforts that offers a sharp contrast to the U.S.” He notes that for the first time since the late 1800s, America no longer has the world’s highest rate of young students going on to a postsecondary institution.

In recent months, members of the Bush administration — often pointing to Thomas Friedman’s 2005 book, The World is Flat, and recent reports by the National Academy of Sciences and other panels — appear to have awakened to such concerns. Officials have focused on new efforts to bolster higher education, particularly in the fields of foreign language and math and science, but some budgetary cuts have had adverse effects on specific research and training programs.

The administration has also supported the work of Education Secretary Margaret Spelling’s Commission on the Future of Higher Education, but many experts have been cautious about whether specific changes will be implemented after the report is released later this summer.

Douglass is somewhat skeptical about whether the recent federal attention will result in significant changes, given the country’s other major issues. He points to “the debacle in Iraq, astounding increases in the national debt and lackluster exports, a school system perpetually struggling with finances and performance, out-of-control medical costs, and a growing disparity between rich and poor” as evidence that the government is not attuned to the issues facing higher education. “Perhaps it is appropriate to claim that those currently in control of both houses of Congress and the White House are pretty good at cutting government, but they don’t know how to run it,” he argues in the report.

Douglass says that interventionist efforts of national governments in the European Union to direct their institutions of higher education illustrate that lawmakers abroad often view higher education as a major policy issue in a way that U.S. politicos do not. He notes that in 2004, Prime Minister Tony Blair “risked a close vote in Parliament” to establish a new fees and financial aid policy in England.

“The contrast with the U.S. is stark; with the exception of political battles in America over admissions to a few selective public universities, higher education is not a high profile national issue,” writes the researcher. “While EU countries are engaged in national and international debates regarding the future of higher education, setting goals for expanding access, considering and implementing alternative funding schemes, and negotiating cooperative initiatives between nations, such as the Bologna Agreement, American higher education remains a second-tier political issue.”

Douglass also notes that over time, the federal government has reduced the level of funding available for financial aid relative to the cost of tuition in both public and private institutions. Tuition at public higher education institutions has grown at a rate roughly equivalent to the rate of inflation in most other service industries, according to the researcher, yet the amount of aid provided by both federal and state governments, especially in the form of grant aid, has been well below the general rate of inflation. In turn, public institutions have attempted to make up for a portion of the decline in government investment and the impact of rising costs by raising tuition.

“The crisis of the publics — the underfunding and under-investment in public colleges and universities, which are the primary providers of postsecondary education — is not a mainstream political issue,” writes Douglass. “For this and a variety of other reasons, the U.S. has become relatively complacent in maintaining its higher education advantage.”

Rob Capriccioso

Got something to say?


Want it on paper? Print this page.
Know someone who’d be interested? Forward this story.
Want to stay informed? Sign up for free daily news e-mail.

Advertisement

Comments

Sky is Falling

This was a nice article. However, I would question Douglas’s statistic on US participation rates. His figure is much lower than other studies I have seen. Also, it is not the case that state support of public institutions has declined in absolute terms. The problem is that higher education’s share of state budgets has declined.

Robert Atwell, President Emeritus at American Council on Education, at 7:00 am EDT on June 12, 2006

‘Yes the Sky is Falling’

In Ohio, spending on higher education as a percent of state personal income (adjusted for inflation) was.64% in 1975; it was.67% in 2004. The issue is, state support is not rising with need. In Ohio, enrollment at community and technical colleges rose by almost one third between 1998 and 2004, while state support declined, in inflation adjusted terms, by 4 percent. This is the time to be supporting the public college infrastructure, not starving it. There is much lip service paid to the importance of education, but too few are walking the talk.

Wendy Patton, Policy Liaison at Policy Matters Ohio, at 11:00 am EDT on June 12, 2006

The global challenge we face. . .

The leaders of The People’s Republic of China in Fall 2005 boldly announced they are going to build “a nation of Harvards.”

I was in China in February, 1979, the same week the United States established diplomatic relations. I vividly remember seeing the Secretary of State’s plane on the tarmac in Beijing (then “Peking") at the same time as our own. I recall walking a few blocks from my hotel in Shanghai, and hearing someone approach me from behind, walking faster than I, and ultimately passing me, all the while whistling the tune to “Yankee Doodle Dandy.” But fearful of making eye contact with me. Two ships passing in the darkness, I thought to myself.

Everywhere there were propaganda billboards proclaiming China’s planned economic greatness by the year 2000. At the time, looking around at the backward China I saw then, I wondered how it would ever happen, unless they were to embrace capitalism.

Over the ensuing 27 years, as we all know, the Chinese went on to embrace capitalism. And quite successfully so. Now, they are producing for us practically every consumer product we purchase and use here in America.

By buying our treasury bills to finance our deficit spending, the PRC has become one of our largest lenders, and our national debt to the PRC grows astronomically with each passing day.

Just as we were jarred into reality on October 4, 1957, by the U.S.S.R.’s successful launch of Sputnik, the PRC’s announcement in Fall 2005 was a wake-up call for America.

We should be taking very seriously China’s announcement that it plans construct a nation of first quality universities. Yet, unlike Sputnik, the news of China’s intentions didn’t even make the front pages of our newspapers.

Our current ongoing response to this plan by our number one competitor on the world stage is nothing like am ambitious plan to build “a nation of Harvards.” Far from it. Instead, we in America are building a nation of University of Phoenix campuses. Largely via federal taxpayer dollars that fund student tuition via loans and grants, the University of Phoenix has become our nation’s largest institution of higher learning. UOP boasts over 320,000 students and over 180 campuses.

Take a moment to think about the long-term implications for our children, their children, and their children’s children.

Daniel Robert Bartley, Qui Tam Whistleblower Attorney at Bartley Law Offices, at 12:10 pm EDT on June 12, 2006

Education and Justice must be moved to first place

The last comment was right to focus on the total percentage of money available.

The soft services, education and justice are short changed while entertainment and military are over-funded.

The need is for a tax on upper strata incomes with the money redistributed to the softs. It is obscene to pay an athlete $30,000,000 over five years and a college professor of the same relative quality only $900,000 over the same time frame.

The president of a public electric utility with little independent judgment required on average earns one to two million plus bonus and stock per year while college presidents earn half that amount.

Unless we reallocate resources we won’t be a super power for much longer.

William Sumner Scott, J.D.

wss@jefound.org

William Sumner Scott, J.D., at 12:25 pm EDT on June 12, 2006

$900,000?!

Please tell me where I can make that much in 5 years. I won’t make half that, and I have been a professor for 15 years.

drabauer, at 3:45 pm EDT on June 12, 2006

Can I have some more (you idiot?)

As nearly as I can tell, Dr. Douglass has found problems in higher education, and believes that increased federal funding is the answer. He further states, ““Perhaps it is appropriate to claim that those currently in control of both houses of Congress and the White House are pretty good at cutting government, but they don’t know how to run it.”

Maybe it’s just me, but whenever I want something from my department chair, I try to avoid questioning his competence in the request. It seems to work out better. The federal government could be completely different, but somehow I doubt it.

MediaDoc, Associate Professor at East Carolina Univ., at 5:55 pm EDT on June 12, 2006

Truth in Reporting

NPR had a news feature on this morning about the reported disparity in producing engineers between the US, China, and India.

The biggest problem for the researchers was, how did India and especially China define “engineer?”

The central gov’t. in China told the education ministers how many engineers to educate and guess what?

The number of “engineers” graduating in four years was exactly equal to the number demanded by Peking/Bejing. Unfortunately for the hopes of the many Harvards of China, many of the “engineers” counted were more like stationary engineers or building custodians. They knew how to keep a boiler running, but couldn’t calculate the sheer strength of the boiler metal.

Perspective and good empirical data would help us know if in fact (and at what rate), the sky is falling.

Dr. F. Gump, at 10:50 pm EDT on June 12, 2006

Mr Bartley’s comments are highly appropriate and accurate, based on my experience in China (I was last there two years ago, not only in Beijing but in several regional cities from Dalien to Urumqi). Chinese engineering sciences (including materials science) have been making enormous gains, while ours have been languishing from lack of financial support and, even more seriously, lack of interest. Too many people in high places seem to be not just indifferent to science and engineering but actively hostile. Do we really want our children and grandchildren to specialize in flipping burgers at the local fast food store?

Ezra Gilgh, at 10:50 pm EDT on June 12, 2006

sky falling

Just some problems: college has become something for EVERYONE, where it used to be a vehicle for HIGHER EDUCATION. Not everybody belongs in college, but the taxpayer subsidizes these people. Also, we are constantly told we don’t have the brainpower in America anymore. Yes, we do, we just continuously shortchange/underfund or ignore the best & the brightest: our gifted population. While we fund programs for the lower-end groups, the sporting events, the politically correct nonsense, lifeskills classes, ESL classes, our gifted population gets program cuts, resistance to taking college classes early, and revocation of their gifted protections. And the bureaucrats wonder why China is overtaking us? Perhaps because we fund them, educate them in our schools and shortshift our own......

kathy, at 10:50 pm EDT on June 12, 2006

flat world, motivation???

Though I disagree with some of the “Flat World” theories, there is one that is proving true — the internet is offering education in many forms, often for free. If Universities aren’t offering classes which keep up with the demands of society, they will be replaced by other methods which meet or exceed the needs of the students. While some higher ed. classes are excellent, many are not, and students are not going to waste their time and money if they can find a way around it. As one professor stated to me, “Changing education is like trying to turn the Queen Mary". China may be able to oust the teachers who don’t perform, but a democracy isn’t going to be able to adjust quickly enough to handle this problem within traditional schools.

Aleta Boyce, Electronic High School, Utah State, at 4:20 pm EDT on June 15, 2006

It was just so much empty space anyway

“He notes that for the first time since the late 1800s, America no longer has the world’s highest rate of young students going on to a postsecondary institution.”

I can think of one prominent example, Japan. As the overall student population declined to a point not seen since the 1950s (Japan has had declining birth rates) the growth in classroom space continued to grow as the for-profit section (the primary provider in Japan) took advantage of construction and financial inducements. Eventually, the only possible way to put bums on seats was to make higher education more accessible—to put it politely. As the ratio of students graduating secondary school dropped, the proportional number of students available shrunk and post-secondary institutions responded predictably—entrance requirements dropped. Japan is fast approaching the point where the ratio of secondary graduates to tertiary entrances is 1:1. And it shows. The assurance of a seat at a daigaku (tertiary education institute) is also effecting the students’ motivation to apply themselves to their studies in secondary school—predictably also decreasing. (Why knock yourself out when you know you will get in?)

Ratios may in fact signal very different and more serious problems than what the John A. Douglasses of the world would have us believe. In Japan it signals an overweening concern for profit, corruption (kick backs on new construction on campuses are a national joke), cost-cutting through the increase of temporary and often unqualified faculty and staff, declining education standards and all leading to the very real danger that the next generation to run the country will be ill-prepared to do so and care little that they are.

There are other valid perspectives on this question of ratios. How about, tougher to get in and tougher to get through means better when they get out? If it is easy, than what is the point? What is the value of higher education? Why not build the best and charge a realistic fee? Why not say, get a daigaku diploma in Japan for a few million yen or get a real university degree in the U.S. for tens of millions. The market has room for both philosophies. It is the difference between a sword hand-made by a master and one stamped out by a cookie cutter.

Thomas Simmons, Dr., at 7:50 pm EST on February 20, 2007

Advertisement

 Jobs Related to Yes, the Sky Is Falling

or search for jobs directly.

Dean of Academic Affairs/Director of the Aix Center
Institute for American Universities

Dean of Academic Affairs opportunity at Institute for American Universities in Aix-en-Provence, France. IAU is one of the ... see job

Project Scientists, Department of Physiology and Biophysics
University of California, Irvine

The Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University of California, Irvine anticipates openings for Project ... see job

Research Fellow
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

The University of Minnesota is a premier employer and a talent magnet attracting leading faculty and staff from around the ... see job

Lecturer/Adjunct Lecturer, Journalism
NC State University

Join the Pack! A community with nearly 8,000 faculty and staff, and 30,000 students. NC State is one of the largest employers ... see job

DIRECTOR — Tufts Educational Day Care Center
Tufts University

Tufts University is seeking a Director to provide leadership and vision for its early care and education center. The ... see job

Web Project Director
Babson College

Please apply via our website, www.babson.edu. On the left hand side there ... see job

Dean, College of Education
Purdue University

Purdue University invites applications and nominations for Dean, College of Education. see job

Assistant or Associate Professor of Chemistry
James Madison University

General Info: Assistant or associate professor position in soft materials chemistry for Fall 2009 to strengthen the ... see job

Lecturer, Part-Time, Department of Music
University of California, Irvine

The University of California, Irvine, Department of Music is establishing a pool of qualified applicants as Lecturer in Music ... see job

Director, Emergency Management
Eastern Michigan University

Eastern Michigan University is actively seeking applications for the position of Director, Emergency Management. see job