News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
Sept. 14, 2006
The largest higher education system in the United States — comprising the 109 community colleges in California — this week finalized plans to raise graduation standards for an associate degree.
Starting in fall 2009, students seeking an associate degree will have to go a course level higher than they currently do in both mathematics and composition. The mathematics requirement currently is to pass elementary algebra, equivalent to what is taught in many high schools in the ninth grade. Under the new requirement, students will have to either pass or place out of intermediate algebra as well. In composition, students currently must pass a course that is one level below freshman composition. Under the new standards, associate degree graduates would need to pass a freshman comp course.
The push for the increased standards came from the faculty. The Academic Senate of the system has been working on the issue for several years, lobbying the statewide board to approve the tougher requirements, which happened on Monday.
Ian Walton, the Senate’s president and a mathematics instructor at Mission College, said that professors view the issue as one of setting standards that graduates need. “Students need more analytic capacity in math and English” than the current minimums assured, he said.
Walton also said that the current standards sent the wrong message to students in high schools (where high school level work was being required for an associate degree) and universities (which require higher level courses than the current standards for transfer admission). “Our requirements seemed completely out of line,” he said.
It took a long time to gain support for the measure, Walton said, because of concerns that some students would be denied associate degrees. But among the tools available to professors pushing for higher requirements was publicity, he said.
“When I was lobbying local trustees, many of them said to me, ‘as soon as you start examining this issue in public, you can’t possibly make a case for our existing level of requirement,’ ” Walton said.
Under California law, the statewide board sets a floor for requirements and individual districts may exceed the floor and impose tougher standards. Under current standards, 41 colleges have tougher English requirements and 22 have tougher mathematics requirements. (System enrollment is 2.7 million people, and in the most recent year for which data are available, more than 73,000 associate degrees were awarded.)
College districts viewed the graduation requirements as an academic matter and deferred to the faculty judgment, according to Scott Lay, president of the Community College League of California, which represents campus presidents and trustees. At the same time, he said, many are concerned about whether the state will provide help for students who can’t meet the new standards. “If you raise the standards and you don’t offer more services to help students, you are going to have fewer students reaching the finish line,” he said.
Similar concerns have led some to question the change in requirement. Teresa Aldredge is an academic counselor at Cosumnes River College, an institution where 57 percent of students are from underrepresented minority groups, many of them from low-income families. She noted that over the last nine years, more than 2,000 students at the college were placed in arithmetic as their first math course, and that of those, only 125 made it through elementary algebra. She predicted that half of those would not make it through intermediate algebra, denying an associate degree to people who started at low educational levels and pushed their way up.
She said that “without a doubt,” the policy would mean fewer minority students receiving associate degrees. And she said that it was wrong for the state to move ahead in this direction without providing more money for tutoring and advising to help students meet the new requirements.
Aldredge rejected the idea that an associate degree today has less meaning because the current requirements aren’t for college-level work. “I’ve never had a student who said ‘I don’t want this degree because it’s just like a high school degree or doesn’t have high academic value.’ Never. And when you go to graduation, those people are very, very proud of their degrees.”
Walton said that faculty members who pushed for the higher standards did hear such criticisms, and he said they came in two categories: Those who said that for vocationally oriented associate degrees, the higher standards weren’t needed, and those who said that the higher standards would exclude certain groups of students.
To those making the vocational argument, he said that from a career perspective, the current standards are far too low. “They track people into dead end jobs,” he said.
As to the argument based on demographics, he said, “we do have groups of students with a history of lower success rates in math and English courses, and no one wants to put up barriers. But when you see groups with lower success rates, you shouldn’t assume that those students don’t need higher standards.”
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Kudos, these changes are long overdue. Raising the bar will eventually trickle down to K-12 expectations that students need to be prepared more rigorously and thoroughly. Living in the global market we do today, competition is risky and it is our moral reponsibility to prepare the future of America with the most comprehensive standards available. I hope that the rest of the country steps up to the plate and follow suit, these changes and those I hope will follow suit are long overdue!Helen Ballestas
Helen Ballestas, instructor, at 8:50 am EDT on September 14, 2006
Community colleges are the last resort for students who could not succeed in school because of: unequal funding in their school district and hence lack of available rigorous academic courses, lower socioeconomic status which repeatedly affect college degree status-the wealthier you are the more resources you have to attend the best college possible; the less you have, the less resources you have to succeed in school and transfer to college, and for decades, 4 year colleges and universities including in California, have deferred remedial education to community colleges where many college students get a “second,” and “third” chance...
Implementing “standards” at the community college level will denigrate the open door and remedial policies that have allowed a wide swath of students, predominantly lower SES, minority students, and women to benefit from these policies.
Roger, at 10:10 am EDT on September 14, 2006
As a California community college faculty member and former academic senate president, I hear and understand both sides of this argument. However, in the end I think students who rely on community colleges for career preparation or lower-division transfer programs are best served when we help them achieve higher academic performance.
While I fully support raising the minimum math and English standards, I join those who recognize that we have a responsibility to provide our students with the support that will allow them to successfully meet these standards.
Dan Mitchell, De Anza College, at 11:10 am EDT on September 14, 2006
Roger,
Your argument is fatuous. To what end are open door policies and remedial course work aimed? It would seem they are aimed at providing students, many grasping that second or third chance, with the knowledge necessary to attain higher levels of intellectual accomplishment and thus meet higher standards.
If what community colleges do is to provide credentials reflecting attainment of high school level intellectual skills they should not confer associates degrees but “real” high school diplomas. I think California community colleges should be lauded for aspiring to have their students stretch themselves and to truly qualify for a postsecondary degree.
Your view that higher standards will “denigrate” open door and remedial policies is a non sequitur. In fact, it would seem, these policies are in place for the very purpose of providing students with opportunities to overcome past impediments, and to then meet higher standards.
The students, and we, gain nothing if what they receive in the end is a piece of paper with no achievement behind it. I would infer from your comment that “we” really shouldn’t expect much from these students anyway. It is better to fob off a worthless degree on them than to actually serve their desire to attain something of value.
Paul, at 11:35 am EDT on September 14, 2006
I second you Paul.
It’s not where students start, it’s where they end up.
bob, Assitant Professor at College of DuPage, at 12:00 pm EDT on September 14, 2006
I third you Paul.
I did my doctoral dissertation research on adding a component of dicsipline to programs of students attempting a twice failed remedial math class. The results were not only significantly better for that group, they were statistically better than that of the group of all students taking a remedial math class. The next higher math and composition classes are not brain surgery and do not present barriers. They perhaps lengthen the race one or two semesters. All community college students with the right motivation will pass these classes and graduate.
Merrill Eastcott, Dean, Academic Affairs at Los Angeles City College, at 1:30 pm EDT on September 14, 2006
I agree with Roger. Do we really wish to have an underclass of learners who have difficulty reaching some arbitrary level? Are we going to have to start junior junior colleges for these people? It’s fun and easy to teach self-motivated high performance learners. But, it’s the ability to teach the rest that brings out the best in our profession and ourselves.
Cindy Munson, Economics instructor at Western Technical College, at 3:00 pm EDT on September 14, 2006
I’m a California community college teacher (English) who opposed the statewide Academic Senate’s proposal to make a transfer-level freshman comp class a requirement for an A.A./A.S. degree.
Here’s why: My school offers an English class for students who are looking for a terminal A.A./A.S. degree. It focuses on business writing, and when I taught it, ended with students’ learning to put together an effective resume and cover letter that they could use when they were looking for a job. It doesn’t make sense to ask these students to take a traditional freshman comp class that typically ends with a term paper complete with all the academic paraphernalia required by the MLA style sheet.
Philip, at 5:30 pm EDT on September 14, 2006
Cindy: Why should we waste any effort on those who are not self-motivated? Why should we lower bars for them or subsidize the caring about education that they apparently do not have?
Devorah, at 8:05 pm EDT on September 14, 2006
If I read things right, it would seem that no distinction is being made for college transfer AA degrees and professional/techical AAS type degrees that don’t transfer. Yes, if a student is going to transfer, they should complete college level work, and maybe more, when it comes to writing and math. In the state of Washington, an AA means a student has completed all of their general education requirements so they can transfer to a four-year school with darn near junior standing, but perhaps not quite ready for the discipline of their choice. This is a deal worked out between the institutions state-wide.
If an AA is to have meaning, it must resonate with the schools to which a student wishes to transfer. But if a student is after an AAS in welding or dental hygiene (a highly competetive program most places I’ve been) or some such thing, they don’t need the college essay class and may or may not be well served by algebra. Still, I’d like to see such students get something beyond the business writing class that was mentioned earlier, maybe some critical thinking skills to prepare them to be critical citizens and consumers of mass culture, some enhancement of their life beyond the ability to land the job they want.
bradley bleck, instructor at Spokane Falls CC, at 8:05 pm EDT on September 14, 2006
I would like to comment from the perspectives of both instructor and student.
My student perspective: I am a native Californian, exposed to both private and public school systems from K-12. Although I am catagorized as Caucasian, I am 1/4 Cherokee/Sioux, and legally a minority. I work in healthcare as an anesthesia technician. As a male in a female dominated profession, I am also a minority. I personally feel it is both demeaning and condescending for educators to play the “minority card,” as though I were unable to achieve at higher levels because of that. At some point in adulthood, you have to stop blaming childhood for your shortcomings. How dare anyone in higher education presuppose that I am unable to achieve excellence based on my racial or socio-economic background. In addition I am a full-time single father raising my children without the benefit of programs that are only offered to single mothers. I am currently finishing tranfer requirements to enter the BVE program at SDSU. After I graduate from SDSU I will be transferring to the HUX Degree Program at CSU Dominguez Hills with a dual emphasis in Philosophy and Religious Studies. I don’t list any of this to elicit a sympathy response, but rather to educate those who would claim that I cannot relate to “disadvantaged” students. If you think that students cannot succeed unless the standards are kept artificially low, then you need to watch the movie “Stand and Deliver,” or read the story it was based on.
My instructor perspective: I am an adjunct instructor teaching in an anesthesia technician program. It is very much vocationally oriented and offered in conjunction with ROP. I expect nothing less from my students than professional results in everything they do. Many of my students are “disadvantaged” in one form or another. Some are liguistically challenged and English is tough for them. A few of them need ESL classes in order to succeed. Many are single parents or displaced homemakers trying to build a new life. For them, success equals a new lease on life. As I’ve been there myself, I cut them no slack. In order for the information I impart to them to be both worthwhile and worthy of their potential, the bar must be set high. As a general rule, students will rise or fall to the level the bar has been set at. The bottom line is this. Raising the expectations for an AA or AS degree won’t result in the formation of junior junior colleges. We have those already. They are nominally reffered to as “high school.” What educators need to do is raise the bar at all levels, starting with K-12.If we raise the expectations there, then increasing math and composition requirements at the community college level will cease to be an issue.
Wes Simpson II, Adjunct Instructor, Cardiolvascular Technology (ROP) at Grossmont College, at 5:30 am EDT on September 15, 2006
I am delighted to see the bar being raised at the community college level — way past time. However, it truely is the high school where the ball is being dropped. Unless the local community college “powers that be” truthfully address the high school administrators in their respective areas about their lack of teaching english grammer, punctuation and spelling (and math also) we will continually have to deal with students who enter our colleges and become demoralized with their failure to perform.
judy campbell, at 4:35 pm EDT on September 15, 2006
“Implementing “standards” at the community college level will denigrate the open door and remedial policies that have allowed a wide swath of students, predominantly lower SES, minority students, and women to benefit from these policies.”
Roger, I am not sure about all the groups you mention, but at the very least this will not do much to affect women. There’s still goign to continue outnumbering men in America for bachelor degree receive as they have since 1984, they’re stll going to outnumber men in advanced degrees received as they have for many, many years, and the gap is only going to increse more.
http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2006/09/15/future
Student, at 10:00 pm EDT on September 17, 2006
Generally, most faculty support raising the standards to a university tranfer level; however, college faculty and administrators concerned with the “barriers” that these increased standards may create need to put some time and energy into planning additional student support or enhanced curriculum models. In addition, strengthened assessment rules could assist in improving success and limiting the “barrier” issues.
Laura Hope, English Professor at Chaffey College, at 5:40 pm EDT on September 18, 2006
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That’s truly good to hear... considering that the Chinese have been gaining mastery in English and languages and the Indians have trumped the mathematical and scientific world.
Academic America: rise from slumber!
Mind Power, Dr. at Ateneo de Manila, at 5:55 am EDT on August 1, 2007