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How Explicit Is Too Explicit?

At Swarthmore College, the first day of Coming Out Week each fall dawns reliably, the first light falling on sexually explicit messages chalked on campus sidewalks by gay student groups the night before. It is a tradition, organizers say, meant to facilitate free expression among gay students and encourage all students to question the reigning “heteronormative” culture.

The chalkings typically attract some degree of controversy, but this year, the debate reached a fever pitch, with about 150 students filling the pews of the Swarthmore Friends Meetinghouse Thursday to debate the merits of the chalkings. The messages and images scrawled around the sidewalks have inspired “counter-chalkings,” passionate dialogue in the pages of the student newspaper and even a Facebook group, “I Have an Opinion About the Coming-Out Week Chalkings,” with 43 members and 123 postings as of Monday afternoon. More ominously to some, they’ve also inspired some localized showers — the administration believes that a couple of the drawings were washed out by students, said Myrt Westphal, associate dean for student life at Swarthmore, a small liberal arts college in Pennsylvania.

A number of particularly explicit and prominent drawings that stand out from those of years past seem to have ignited the intense debate this year, Westphal said: “There was a feeling both in the queer community and outside the queer community that this had gone over the top and actually was hurting the cause of Coming Out Week.”

Among the most controversial chalkings were a “cartoonish” depiction of a female with a “strap-on” device engaged in anal sex with the caption, “Anal Sex is for Everyone,” and a drawing of a vagina on the patio of the college’s dining hall that was intentionally washed away, said Tatiana Cozzarelli, a junior at Swarthmore and one of the organizers of the National Coming Out Week activities, celebrated at Swarthmore the week of October 30.

Other chalkings ranged from combative — “Don’t assume I’m straight and I won’t assume you’re an asshole” — to cutesy, including a drawing of two penguins holding hands with a caption, “Even penguins are gay.” Members of all five of Swarthmore’s queer student groups participated in the chalkings, as did a group of straight allies, Cozzarelli said, although not all members of the college queer community agree with the chalkings.

“The purpose is not necessarily to offend people but to raise the issues and put the issues out there,” said Cozzarelli, who called the chalked images “more political than pornographic.”

“There’s not one message of the chalkings. But some of them challenge heteronormativity and make straight people think about their sexuality in a way they often haven’t in the past.” Cozzarelli cited, for instance, the message, “When did you come out as straight?” — a chalking meant to encourage straight students to question why their sexual identity is privileged in such a way that they typically never had to think in those terms. “When there’s a vagina in front of Sharples [Dining Hall], the idea behind it is for people to look at the vagina and say, ‘Why does this make me uncomfortable?’”

Yet, many students felt not just uncomfortable but offended: As one student posting on a Facebook discussion board on the topic put it, “I just think that it’s kind of remarkable that the explicitly sexual chalkings have managed to offend everyone I’ve talked to who is not in” the Swarthmore Queer Union. The student then cited six main criticisms she’s heard around campus: that the postings assume the students reading them hold positions they do not in fact support, that the chalkings reinforce stereotypes that gay people are obsessed with sex, that the discussion surrounding Coming Out Week ignores debate about social action in favor of more intimate details, that “a sex-positive agenda” is taking precedence over discussion of gay history, identity or rights, that thinking about genitalia in public is a matter of poor taste and that it’s “shocking to see little kids” visiting campus “playing on pictures of masturbating women.”

“What I felt originally was that it was simply violative to put those drawings on the ground in public where it was basically unavoidable to see them,” said Abigail Graber, a junior at Swarthmore who objected to the particularly explicit images. “Based on my understanding of laws regarding pornography and obscenities, you can’t show someone pornography against someone’s will, because it’s basically a sex act and you can’t perform a sex act on someone without their consent.”

“Everybody has the right to offend. Some of the chalkings that were just words were certainly offensive, they implied things about straight people and they implied things about the Swarthmore community in general that people were uncomfortable with. But you don’t have a right to offend in a sexually violative way,” said Graber.

Students counter-chalked following the original chalkings, and after a rain, gay students chalked again, Westphal said — an escalation of a “chalk talk” that hasn’t been seen in previous years. Cozzarelli said many gay students were disappointed with the counter-chalking, feeling that they had one week per year to express their voices, “not to create a dialogue of voices of people who aren’t normally silenced on top of the chalkings of people who are silenced.” One of the counter-chalkings, “Why don’t you shut the fuck up already?” was particularly upsetting, Cozzarelli said, as it “contributed to this norm of silencing queer people.”

On the other hand, Sven David Udekwu, a sophomore, wrote a letter to Swarthmore’s weekly newspaper, The Phoenix, disagreeing with the notion that gay students are typically silenced at Swarthmore. “It made me feel that everyone in this school has put it into their heads to not allow the queer culture to flourish at any other time of the year,” Udekwu said in a Monday interview. “To say that straights dominate all aspects of life for most of the year in Swarthmore is tantamount to voluntary blindness,” Udekwu wrote.

Furthermore, some students upset by the chalkings also felt silenced. Westphal said she knows of a couple of students who feel less safe on campus as a result of the chalkings and the subsequent debate, having expressed fear that they would be labeled “homophobic” if they stated their concerns. “I feel like it got more emotional than intellectual. But there were very intellectual elements of it too,” Westphal said.

Yet, Elliot Ratzman, a visiting professor of religion who helped lead Thursday’s discussion in the meetinghouse , said he was impressed that students primarily focused on whether the chalkings were an effective tool to best express the gay student groups’ message. “I noted at one point that 15 years ago, a school couldn’t have this conversation because the sides would have been too hostile toward each other. Now it was simply an argument about tactics instead of the merits of Coming Out Week which is, I think, neat.”

“Heteronormativity is on the wane here.”

In fact, an article in Swarthmore’s online digest, The Daily Gazette, traced the history of the pro-gay chalkings to 1986, and notes, “The increasingly confrontational chalkings have appeared as overt homophobia at Swarthmore has diminished. While chalkings started as spontaneous and deeply subversive acts. . .frequently in direct response to anti-gay vandalism or violence on campus, over the past five years, the chalkings appear (to) have become something of a yearly ritual.”

“I’ve noted before that the longer you’re at a place like Swarthmore, the more that the ritual repetition of some of these debates is vaguely frustrating,” Timothy Burke, an associate history professor at Swarthmore, wrote in his blog, Easily Distracted. “It’s part of a learning experience, though. The students who object learn some things, the students who do the chalkings learn some things. Or so one hopes. Among the things I hope that the students who did the chalking learn is to stop believing that the efficacy of activism is measured by the degree of antagonism or discomfort it produces.”

Elizabeth Redden

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Comments

After a long run of high-profile education stories: e.g. AA and the election, this appears to be pretty much a non-news story.

College is a time for flaunting your sexuality. At no other time is it acceptable for gay or straight people to so openly flaunt what they do in private, and at no other time do people look so good.

Strangely, college is also a time for telling others that you are offended. At no other time is “I’m offended” taken seriously as an argument.

In a few years, most of the students will be keeping their sexuality on the down-low, and either keeping their disagreement with arguments a secret, or confining them to legislation or litigation like the rest of us.

Larry, at 7:01 am EST on November 14, 2006

So we try to convince our students that the university is “the real world” but then we also acknowledge that “things are different here?” What a lame contradiction.

I want my students to behave like adults, and to learn to behave like civil humans. That means they don’t intentionally offend others, neither by drawing masturbating women nor by chalking “shut the f___ up” next to that drawing. This is nothing to be proud of.

Both sides should be harshly condemned. Warn the five groups participating in Coming Out Week that they need to either tone down the sexually explicit messages or else they’ll have to have them approved by the administration in the future. Warn counter-chalkers that they can be criminally prosecuted for hate speech. I’d hate to see daily sidewalk washing be the only solution.

If we want our students to be adults, we need to treat them like adults. Yes, allow them to have dialog, allow them to chalk the sidewalks with clever, thought-provoking messages ("When did you come out straight” is perfect), but there’s no place for anyone to think that behavior that’s criminal outside the university should be acceptable inside.

Jeff, The Real World, at 8:50 am EST on November 14, 2006

Explicit gay messages

Homophobia won’t stop until homosexuals stop defining their existence by their sexual preference. Put another way, point that thing somewhere else will ya!

feudi pandola, at 9:01 am EST on November 14, 2006

Feudi, I think it is dangerous to state that homophobia will only stop when homosexuals stop defining their existence by their sexuality. Will racism end then if African Americans stop defining themselves as black?

This issue seems to be about some students using National Coming Out Day as an excuse to cover their campus with shock messages that they claim are used to elevate the dialogue on a very important issue. I find it difficult to see how a picture depicting a graphic sex act and stating that “Anal Sex is for Everyone,” or a response stating “Why Don’t You Shut the F___ Up Already,” elevates anything or promotes a constructive conversation on campus.

Some of the students, and consequently some of the messages, believe in having that conversation, but it appears that others are using this as an excuse to offend others. I hope that it does not overshadow the intent of those who wish to have an open and respectful dialogue.

Geoff, at 9:45 am EST on November 14, 2006

Hurting the Cause

Even though I am not gay, I support the gay and lesbian students’ call for equal treatment and acceptance. However, if I were to have the unfortunate experience of having to explain some of these images to my children, it would absolutely temper my support.

If this would be the effect it would have on a supporter of the students’ position, can you imagine the effect that this may have on people who may be undecided about the issue? Look at it this way. Would such drawings be considered appropriate if they depicted heterosexual sex? I think we all know the answer to that question.

TA, at 10:30 am EST on November 14, 2006

Kids

I can see two sides of the argument on the ‘offensive images’ topic.

When did sexual images (gay or not) become so offensive as opposed to blood and death on the news every day. To me that’s very sad.

Also, any time I hear someone complain about what a child saw on campus I have to question if the parent bringing the child there ever went to a campus...ever. I’d say there’s a certain amount of risk of exposure to adult themes, topics, situations, etc.. any time you are on a college campus. Honestly, for the sake of young people going to school there, I hope it stays that way.

Anyone that’s offended needs to get laid. Anyone that brings their child to a college campus, needs to wake up to reality of what young people do and discuss on campus.

No adult rules or discussions will ever change this.

Jesse, at 11:45 am EST on November 14, 2006

Stuff and Things

Geoff,

The point feudi is making is that your existance in this world is much more than your sexual preference or the color of your skin.

When do you see white people running around with banners, or signs, or inventing their own skewed english derviative as a definitive for them? You dont, they just realize they are simply white.

Same in case, you do not see heteros running around with chalk to proclaim their heterosexuality. It is not a defining trait. Heteros just simply accept that is the way they are.

What feudi brings up is a very important in this debate. Gay people (generally speaking) when chalking are making that the point of their whole existance. Its what defines them. They stop defining themselves as a ‘good actor’ or a ‘good student’ or other. the loudest part of the voice is ‘I’M GAY, DEAL WITH IT’.

Proof that I am correct is the fact that many people were offended by the chalkings to such a degree that emotions were amped up to the point of becoming newsworthy. When was the last time that someone has been on the news because he/she had chalked offensive hetero-sexual agendas? Aside from the counter chalking you have probably never seen it.

I personally have five children, and I really dont want their introduction to sex education to be chalked on the ground in the shapes of vaginas, and women with strap-ons by a sexually-driven minority group who fail to govern themselves, and find the only way to get attention is to be crass.

Which has been the problem with every minority-base agenda seekers since the beginning of time.

RC, at 10:30 am EST on November 15, 2006

Response

RC,

If you look at identity development theory you will see that there is a stark delineation between the self perception of personal identities of the majority and minority. The reason that sexuality is the loudest message that is expressed is because that is what they are most identified as by others. How can those in the majority possibly understand what it is like to be marginalized from others by the very traits that place them in that majority?

White people do proclaim their racial identity every time they take advantage of unintended yet constantly present institutional racism. They proclaim their racial identity every time they use the “N” word. Straight people proclaim their sexual identity every time they call someone faggot. These are the very reasons that people say “I’M BLACK!” or “I’M GAY! DEAL WITH IT!” Many in the majority cannot deal with it.

These points are not intended to argue that the vulgar drawings at Swarthmore are any more appropriate, because many of the drawings described were just that: vulgar. Rather, I would like to state the absurdity of asking someone who is gay to not their sexuality as a major part of their identity. Would you ever ask someone to not use gender, race, religion, or nationality as a defining piece of their identity? What makes sexuality different?

Geoff, at 3:40 pm EST on November 15, 2006

Response

Geof- You are confusing & using two totally different things to make your argument. Being gay is an invisible trait while being black is unavoidably visible. If you want to be gay then be gay, but you do not have to call everyone’s attention to it. No one is going to call you a faggot unless you make sure they are offended by your behavior or your speech.

Ron, at 1:45 pm EST on November 17, 2006

I agree that racism and homophobia are two completely different issues, with many different challenges involved. Ron was right to point out that being gay is a largely invisible identity. That is, if you’re able to “cover.”

However, saying that being openly gay justifies someone calling you a “faggot” is a position I find dangerous and hurtful.

Ron, I’m sure there are some parts of you that may frighten or offend others, even if you are an upper-class straight white male. For example, I find your belief that I should stay in the closet about my sexual orientation frightening. Obviously, you have not felt the need to “cover” this opinion for fear of offending me.

I realize this is not a perfect example, as identity is much different from people’s opinions, and I do not believe that my feeling threatened by Ron’s admonition that I stay in the closet, coming as it does from a place of sexual privilege, constitutes oppression.

However, I suggest you re-read your comment in the context of what Geoff just said about straight people declaring their heterosexuality by oppressing other groups.

On another topic, I’m a chalker from Swarthmore College. I’m glad to say that Swarthmore IS a different environment from the “real world” I come from in Raleigh, North Carolina, where NC State University recently had a heated debate over whether LGBT students should be allowed to have a single room as a resource center. Returning from my October break during which I had to “cover” for my sister and my girlfriend’s parents, and from the summer during which I had to “cover” for my employers and co-workers, I was glad to be able to express myself duriing the Coming Out Week chalkings, which are a yearly tradition, and have often included sexually explicit statements and drawings. There is no way I could have anticipated the type of backlash that occurred this year, since nothing like it has happened since 2001.

Rather than deliberately trying to offend people, I was merely trying to express myself in a forum sanctioned by the administration for my use (they gave us the chalk with no instructions). Obviously, however, there are still people at Swarthmore, who, like Ron, believe I should make their majority opinions my prime concern, that I should “cover” so they won’t feel “offended.”

Diana, I’m a chalker, at 5:10 pm EST on November 19, 2006

After reading the “chalking” article about Swathmore, in only reinforces my decision not to send my children there, or to other like institutions on the East coast.

Harlan, at 2:20 pm EST on December 12, 2006

I can understand that people within a minority group would most closely identify themselves with the attribute of themselves which makes them a minority. Any group which is repressed by society will react in this way, stressing whatever part of themselves which is repressed. Every group in society that tries to better themselves and rise out of the oppression they are stuck in has done it. However, I would still argue that for the discrimination to end, everyone must stop defining themselves in these ways.

For instance, when whites, blacks, asians, indians, hispanics, and every other ethnic group or nationality stop dividing themselves along these lines, racism will end. Racism is when you see in someone the difference and react to that, rather than seeing in them the whole of their being and reacting to that. It is not that we cannot see and appreciate the differences of others and within ourselves... but to get beyond those things that divide us, why do we focus on them?

I would rather my peers see me for my talents, my failings, my aspirations, my quirks, and my passions than for my race, nationality, gender, sexual orientation, and my religion. Each of these traits about me, while they define who I am in part, cannot alone describe who I am.

And while, as a woman, when I encounter discrimination based on my gender my immediate response is to declare that I am a strong woman and will not be placed arbitrarily behind men, on the whole I do not define myself as a woman but as a *person.*

And I will not for an instant believe that friends and family of mine whom I love dearly that are a different race, religion, or have a different sexual orientation, could ever appear to me as black or white or gay or straight or whatever. They will always be my friends, my cousins, and the people I love more than anything.

And I definately think that anyone belonging to a group oppressed by society will at once argue for equal rights and, at the same time, to be seen as a person rather than as whatever single trait, among a multitude of traits, that society has singled out for them.

Descrimination of all kinds will never be fully erased until people of every kind see one another as people, who happen to have such and such traits, rather than as a single trait which just happens to be a person as well.

Nicole, at 1:50 pm EST on February 8, 2007

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