News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
Nov. 16, 2006
Racism and ignorance churn on college campuses as surely as they do in society at large, with a number of high-profile incidents each year serving as a ready reminder lest anyone forget. In fact, experts say, some of the incidents stem from a type of cultural forgetfulness — and a sense among certain students, sometimes willful, sometimes not, that they live in a world wherein it is no longer relevant to remember.
“Some of it is deliberately hostile, from the stories that I’ve read, but some of the incidents are motivated out of a kind of racial ignorance,” said Nina Lerman, chair of the history department and director of the race and ethnic studies program at Whitman College, in Washington, the site of a daylong seminar on race last week after students painted their skin black for a party. “Many white students believe that civil rights kind of fixed things, and that we’re supposed to live in a colorblind society. They don’t understand that there’s this history of offensiveness that still lives.”
“It’s a particular moment. As we live through our multiculturalism, at the same time, we are becoming rather distant and removed from some of the history of how we got to where we are,” said Ben Vinson, director of the Center for Africana Studies at Johns Hopkins University, the location of another controversial race-related incident this year. “Because you’re distant from the history, there’s a comfort level in expressing images or symbols that can be offensive to one group.”
Incidents of bias at college campuses are almost uniformly followed by reaffirmations of institutional commitments to diversity, “community forums” and seminars meant to facilitate discussions about race relations on campus, distress among at least some elements of the student body and a determination to move forward. Yet, racially motivated incidents or, at the very least, ignorance-fueled offenses, continue to occur. Among the high-profile incidents reported so far this fall:
“I think this generation thinks pretty widely — not students of color and not working-class students, but the students who think of themselves as middle class — they tend to think that there’s an equal playing field. They believe in equality and they think we have it,” Whitman’s Lerman said. “We’re teaching them a very happy, diverse, multicultural American history, but we’re not actually teaching them very much about hate.”
Experts say that part of the problem is a failure in education. Yet, on the other hand, as one student points out, there coexists a lack of desire to be educated, a sense of willful blindness some students embrace. Emma Bayer, a senior at Trinity and one of the co-editors of the opinions section for The Trinity Tripod, said that some students who aren’t personally affected by racism simply don’t want to deal with it: “There is a split between the kids who are vocal and active at Trinity and then there are kids who care but don’t want to be active about it and then there are those who don’t care and don’t want to be asked to care,” she said.
But racism lives on, and by some accounts, may be on the rise. Mark Potok, director of the Intelligence Project, a hate group monitoring organization at the Southern Poverty Law Center, said that colleges and schools are the third-most popular location for hate crimes in the country. “The fact is that race issues are worsening in society and in the Western Hemisphere at large. It’s not a surprise that’s reflected on college campuses,” said Potok, who cited a rise in the total number of hate groups identified by the Intelligence Project from 602 in 2000 to 803 in 2005. “I don’t think campuses are a seething hotbed of racial hatred, but I also don’t think that they’re exempt from what goes on in a society at large,” Potok added.
“I think some people go to college with the intent to expand their horizons, to meet new people, to be exposed to different cultures. The important point is that not all people who go to college necessarily want to do that,” said Devin Dobson, a senior at Lehigh and coordinator of the Movement, a diversity awareness group. “You also have a huge element, especially at private institutions, of people who say, ‘I didn’t come to college for that. I came to college to get my degree with people that I know.’ ”
“That’s where higher education fails individuals,” said Dobson, who thinks institutions need to incorporate mandatory courses focusing on diversity and continuously sponsor programming and dialogue on diversity issues.
Not everyone thinks that these sorts of incidents are worthy of college-sanctioned interventions, however: A student editorial written by Bayer’s co-opinions editor at the Trinity newspaper called the campus response there an “overreaction.”
“Seriously, what the hell are you going to do about the schmuck who wrote ‘nigger’ on that girl’s door — find him and send him to sensitivity training or Diversity Day?” wrote Joe Tarzi. “There is nothing that you can do that will make the drunken ass who wrote on that girl’s door any more tolerant — least of all a pointless demonstration. If you do find him, you kick his ass, that’s what you do, and if you don’t want to, I will — it was a horrible thing that he did. What you don’t do is find ways to blame the administration, or Trinity as an entity, for the actions of one or a few morons.”
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Most of the incidents in this article are overtly racist. A few are a stretch, or at the very least merely insensitive.
A frat party titled “Halloween in the ‘Hood” is a reflection of the popularity of “gangster rap” among white college students. Gangster rap glorifies “the ‘hood” and all the negative stereotypes associated with that image. The hanging pirate by itself is straight out of the recent Pirates of the Carribean movies. Side by side, the theme and the hanging pirate might suggest lynch mobs, but most likely illustrate the students’ insensitivity. They just didn’t think it through.
A roasted lamb’s head on the doorstep of a organization dedicated to cultural unity may just be a misplaced, albeit gross, prank. Unless I’m missing the symbolism of a severed lamb’s head. Insensitive? Yes, no matter who the victim was. A racist attack? Probably not.
Overtly racist acts must be dealt with swiftly, but don’t seek racism where it may be merely insensitivity, and call it a “wave of racist incidents on campuses.”
Tom McCool, at 8:46 am EST on November 16, 2006
No, it’s not about racism it’s about the hierarchal personal comfort of the authoritarian “good ol’ boy” syndrome. People need someone else to look down upon. Yes even the academic elites, IMO.So long as this syndrom prevails in our world (and it’s getting worse, IMO) there will be racism, sexism, classism, etc.
Jim Blyler, Director at SEEdSAM, at 10:25 am EST on November 16, 2006
Tom is right. Unless people are actually committing crimes or discriminating against a race, we best chalk things up to the nature of campus parties. Folks, there is real racism is society. It is ugly, but a lot more subtle than a “Pimps and Hos” party. Your energy should be directed towards that ending that racism.
Larry, at 10:25 am EST on November 16, 2006
For the love of heaven!
The whole darn campus has to trot through “diversity” forums?
Lighten up and punish the malefactors and trust the good sense of everyone else.
College administrators have turned into bitter spinster school-marms.
Hubert Smith, at 10:30 am EST on November 16, 2006
Sometimes you have to wonder if political correctness was written by the Monty Python troupe.
Our species is predatory, by nature, and so diverse societies are inherently filled with alienation and tension.
Build communities that are multi-racial, multi-ethnic and multi-religious — and you build inherently unstable, divided, and discordant communities. The greater the diversity, the greater the tension and alienation. That is why Balkanization is always one of the byproducts with diversity.
You can try to mitigate this for a while with Orwellian thought crime laws, dealing out draconian punishment to offenders.
The coming catastrophe in America is its coming poverty. Economic vulnerability magnifies the predatory nature of our species. As our national IQ drops, inevitable as whites are displaced by people largely from racial families with average IQs under 90 — our wealth will decrease, and the problems inherent with diversity will become increasingly magnified.
Joe Morgan, at 10:30 am EST on November 16, 2006
Sometime these discussions cover so many bases it just a question of living in the real world which is here and now. I have worked for black companies that only rec’d income from emerging market dollars or just black folks money; I have worked for white companies that have only had rich white folks funding their bottom line. I have always attended mix ethnic group schools and some black location based schools run by whites and lived in a black/white household. America today is suffering from much of what the article reported and yes some cases it is a question of just not thinking and race was not on my mind… hence I am very sorry for offending anybody. Furthermore I do feel it is growing because younger whites and non blacks are very angry about what is being presented out in there in the real world….a world not in the plush comforts of Mama & Daddy’s living room where values are taught. Racism is a learned behavior, we as African Americans can be closed minded too and bring on bad reactions from others because of that closed mindedness and that self protect defense mechanical reaction. Our unique experiences in America have created that knee jerk reaction and we too need a course or two in diversity training because often those black sororities and black frat houses plus black student union associations which exist because of historical racism breed even more racism. I understand the why of segregation as an African American but many a younger white person does not. All those separate organizations that we as blacks had to create because of being systematically locked out of American Society now create an atmosphere of separatism and on a white campus we cling together causing a standout situation and a target for mockery. Universities ‘MUST’ teach students of all races unconditional tolerance of each other…its imperative to the American Dream. Blacks have a different history here…and it is behind us…. but… much of what is happening in all arenas of American Culture we can get targeted unconsciously which is not necessary malice with intent to harm and we do need a tougher skin yet others need to help us fight our own closed minded ways and a good place to start is in school. I presented these links here before and here they are again.
http://www.withoutsanctuary.org/ http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/
Greg Harris, at 10:30 am EST on November 16, 2006
In 2005, the University of Connecticut’s Department of Public Policy was contracted by the Intercollegiate Studies Institute to examine how well colleges teach their students about American history and institutions. The UConnDPP chose at random 14,000 freshmen and seniors at 50 U.S. colleges and universities and gave them a 60-question multiple choice test on American history, government, foreign policy, and its economic system. You can find a summary of the results at www.americancivicliteracy.org. If Inside Higher Education reported on the study, I missed it.
The average senior scored 53%, which isn’t high considering that on a four-choice multiple choice exam you’d expect at least 25% by random guessing. The average senior scored just 1.5% higher than the average freshman. At sixteen of the colleges the freshmen outscored the seniors. Of the fifty universities whose students were tested the dunce cap went to Johns Hopkins University, where the average freshmen scored 7.3% higher than the average senior.
After the release of the report, President Brody started an investigation. Not of how his university teaches American history, but of the Sigma Chi fraternity. Not to find out why his seniors know less about American history and government than his freshmen know, but to find out whether a “Halloween in the Hood” party constitutes racism. Concluding that it does, Brody announces the creation of new courses and workshops intended to deter fraternity Halloween parties he considers racist.
Meanwhile, not only is his university fiftieth out of fifty in teaching American history and government but apparently three years at Johns Hopkins makes you even more ignorant of these subjects than when you arrived. Once President Brody is finished stamping out Halloween parties with gangster-rap themes, he might proceed to educating his students about the country in which they live.
Jack Olson, at 10:31 am EST on November 16, 2006
I think behavior at is very root is racist which is why the response is appropriate.
Me thinks we are letting theses students off too easy for their supposed ignorance to the ways in which their behavior is insensitive at the very least and dehumanizing and racist at the worst.
A widespread national media culture and college and university programs of multicultural sensitivity notwithstanding, the students are knowingly invoking a past (and arguably present) of racial subjugation. When people who engage in such practices are called on their behavior, rather than man or woman up to their feelings of racial superiority and racial hostility as more of their predecessors willingly did, they seek shelter under the convenient umbrella of a benign ignorance if a) the ways the behavior is racist and b) the past (and arguably present) from which it derives. Many observers who shun, block, and obstruct efforts of multiculturalism would let them off the hook.
Now really, where does a white man, woman, or child of the 21st century get the idea to paint oneself black and “perform blackness,” playing a master who sodomizes an enslaved man, to bring nooses to parties and hang them from trees? If it is common practice for some whites of the 21st century to perform blackface minstrelsy then that might be one thing but it is not (unless the rest of us are missing out on some of the private and public parties being held this holiday season). This behavior comes from a part of the American past which many of these students (and the faculty and staff who support, defend, or make apologies for them) embrace as part of their rich heritage but don’t have the nerve to stand up for their support of it. I prefer the Klanswomen and men of the past and their Neo-Nazi kin of the present. They, at the very least, embrace(d) their racism and did so without apology. They didn’t and don’t run in the opposite direction and under the umbrella of ignorance hoping we will buy the fallacy that “they know not what they do.” The students know exactly what they are/were doing and the response of colleges and universities has been appropriate, reflecting an appreciation of the mindset from which this behavior stems.
Kay, at 10:50 am EST on November 16, 2006
Joe Morgan, I was with you on the coming economic downturn, until you said this: “As our national IQ drops, inevitable as whites are displaced by people largely from racial families with average IQs under 90 — our wealth will decrease, and the problems inherent with diversity will become increasingly magnified.”
Wow, that’s the most racist thing I’ve read in a long time! Evidence, please, and don’t cite the discredited Bell Curve data, unless you want to make yourself look even more ridiculous.
The growing wealth gap is largely a result of the accelerated funneling of this country’s wealth upwards to the top few percent, away from the lower 97%, coupled with the careless mismanagement of the economy by those upper echelons. The supposed relative intelligence of the increasingly non-white portion of the population has nothing to do with it.
Go back to your cave, Joe.
Willie Mink, at 11:55 am EST on November 16, 2006
I find this statement most telling — that white students believe we live in a colorblind society. Is that not the entire purpose of this ‘diversity’ training? All people are equal regardless of differences. That is the entire point of Dr. King’s dream. Today, IHEd tells us, racism rears its head. But, pray tell, what is this racism? Are there black student houses burnt by white students in KKK garb? Is the campus mosque graffiti’d with cartoons of Mohammed with a bomb in his robes?
Nothing of the sort! A “Pimps and Hos” party stereotypes gangsta culture. A severed head is left on an administration building step. Squishy allegations of “institutionalized racism". Is that it? You would think we lived in the most perfect nation in the world if the worst incident on campus is a few frat boys role playing their favorite music videos.
Racism is vile. To treat someone better or worse based solely on the color of their skin is inappropriate. However, these race-mongers (nay, I say race-baiters) have so diluted the term Racism so that it basically means nothing. If you say or do something that someone else could possibly find offensive because of an obtuse reference does not mean you’re racist. At most, there is guilt of offending someone, but to that I say: “Grow up and learn to suffer offense.”
Worse still are those who will suffer offense for someone else; such as those who want to shut down Christmas celebrations because they “may offend Muslims or Jews or whatever.” More often than not it is not the Muslims or jews complaining, but a “good intentioned” academic who projects his sense of how certain groups -should- be offended onto the group.
Now that’s Racist.
Dr. Ethan Deneault, Assistant Professor, at 12:35 pm EST on November 16, 2006
A quick response to Joe Morgan. To begin with, I dont think an overt racist has a very objective opinion on this matter and I feel that you only posted that comment (quite irrelevant to the discussion at hand) to pump up your own ego, which has surely been deteriorated by your being forced to live in such a multicultural and “predatory” culture. The fact that you are essentially empolying Social Darwinism, a threory which was completely oblitherated over 60 years ago, indicated your ignorance. Look Joe, you represent the last holdouts of mindless hatred in this country. Sure, there are more subtle forms of racism everywhere, but the fact is that America is becoming more diverse and your just pissed that you and your white friends aren’t going to be in charge any longer. There are a variety of ways to deal with this, I personally embrace the fact that the imperialist oppressors of the world (Western and European male elites) are finally being overthrown (slowly). Personally, I think that citizenship should be defined civically and not nationally, and it should be something earned by everyone. Therefore, ignorant philistines such as yourself would be expelled somewhere where you can be as racist as you like, and we wont ever have to see you again. You are hostile to multiculturalism, and multiculturalism is what will define the future of humanity. Face it Joe, you will lose to the forces of change, its inevitable. I dont know where you’ve gotten this idea that multiculturalism leads to balkanization, because it is completely contracty to fact. Balkanization arises when different ethnic and religious groups CLOSE THEMSELVES OFF to their neighbors and become isolated, the oppisite of multiculturalism.
Steven Pieragastini, at 1:15 pm EST on November 16, 2006
I wonder if any studies have been done concerning racism on historically black college campuses and if so have we found that when the tables are reversed do students act similarly? Not only am a white guy who graduated from an historically black college, I have worked at one for two decades. I contend that when a group of people who have been a minority become the majority, they act in much the same way as the majorities have acted for centuries. Therefore, I believe racism is not always just about race, but often about who is in power at the moment.I wish we could all live in a balanced world, but I live with this fantasy all the time.
Martin, at 2:15 pm EST on November 16, 2006
I’m far from convinced that racism was present in a number of these cases.
The pirate in a noose, despite the context, reminds me more of pirates being hanged (as criminals, by lawful authority), than of the illegal and despicable lynch mobs.
Pimps and Hoes parties, and related themes, are parodies of Gangsta culture, not African Americans in general. Participation in that culture is a choice, not a preordained condition, and like all choices is subject to criticism and parody. They are no more racist than parodies of (predominately white) office culture exhibited in Office Space or Dilbert.
Gregory Conen, Student at CWRU, at 2:40 pm EST on November 16, 2006
Perhaps, when an equal standard is applied and blacks are condemned for calling each other “nigga” or “bitch” or “ho", it won’t be the fad to have a “Halloween in the Hood (another term popularized by blacks)” party. Unfortunately, the many members of the group that is complaining about being stereotyped are the ones creating and reinforcing these stereotypes by their crass behavior and implicit and explicit approval of it, e.g. buying/playing gangsta rap music, etc. Unfortunately, a segment of the black population is their own worst enemy. Yes, I admit that we have a “wigger” (no offense intended, but if Snoop can use the word, so can I) problem as well and I think it is equally offensive. I think we are seeing a resurgence of the use of “nigger” and personally, I hear the word used much more frequently by blacks. While admittedly they may be using with a different connotation, repeated enough times it leaves whites with the impression that it’s an acceptable term or at least blunts ones remembrance of its ugly history.
Mike Moore, at 5:26 pm EST on November 16, 2006
The element most of these comments are ignoring — and really the point of this piece — is that college students do not know basic pieces of our national history. If we are to consider these racial incidents a trend or phenomenon, then it is an indictment of a high school (and college!) education system that encourages “multiculturalism” but neglects the history. My nephew, a student at Whitman College who considers himself a “liberal,” explained to me that he (and his fellow students) genuinely did not know the history and connotations of blackface. I was floored!By the way, Nephew actually loved the full-day of all-campus meetings held in response and found it very enlightening. Perhaps the Whitman administration deserves more credit than we are giving them on this — they took something ugly and created an educational opportunity out of it (and no, I have no affiliation or connection with Whitman!).
Mary, at 12:45 am EST on November 17, 2006
These incidents of college students dressing in blackface makes manifest the subtle omnipresence of institutional White hegemony in the United States. Certainly, the White students involved could satirize hip-hop using their own skin color. Instead, in each case, the students reached down to reincarnate the minstrelsy through the use of blackface.
Claims that the United States has reached a level of “colorblindness” willfully ignore societal reality in the United States.
US Population (2000 Census): 281,421,906 White: 75.1% (approximately 211 million) Black: 12.3% (approximately 34 million) Native Am.: 0.9% (approximately 2.5 million) Asian: 3.6% (approximately 10 million) [www.census.gov]
According to the 2000 Census, the overwhelming majority of the society is White (outnumbering Blacks six to one). However, this fact is routinely obfuscated through the improper use of percentages which infer that Whites and African-Americans are truly equal in societal power (which is not the case) Case in point: no United States President has ever been African-American.
There is technical equality under the laws, but the interpretation and execution of those laws rest upon the societal majority insulated, in large part, from discrimination and the practice of institutional discrimination.
At Texas A&M, for example, the dominant population of the student body is White. According to the Princeton Review (www.review.com), at Texas A&M, out of 36,227 students, 80% or 28,982 are White, 3% or 1,087 are African-American. At Trinity College (Connecticut), out of 2181 students, 60%+ or 1309+ are White, 5% or 110 are African-American.
Considering the Texas A&M video, the dressing the beleaguered character in blackface, reinforces the notion of White hegemony. The underlying statement is that the dispensers of power and violence are White and the proper recipients of derision, violence, abuse and torment are African-American. If the anonymous student wanted to bring attention to the lack of non-Whites at Texas A&M, the student had many mature and responsible avenues available, a professor, the African-American student group, fellow African-American students, among others.
The same analysis holds true for students involved with blackface parties at the other institutions of higher learning.
It is well past time for the society of the United States to face the persistence of the White hegemonic structure and institute true equality for every person, in theory and in deed.
Tony, at 9:30 pm EST on November 18, 2006
Call me a racist if you want, but I’m tired of people over-reacting when someone strays from the script of acceptable dialog. I believe nearly all of these cases are ignorance. However, I personally have become terrified of opening my mouth around individuals of a minority group. I sincerely want to know how college students are supposed to learn better behavior when they are kicked out of school for what was an ignorant mistake.
Mary Snyder, at 9:50 am EST on December 1, 2006
CALL IT WHAT YOU WANT.. PLAYING PRANKS , JOKING ALONG RACIAL LINES IS NOT AN IGNORANT MISTAKE BUT AN INTENTIONAL DEED TO HURT THE FEELINGS OF THE GROUP AFFECTED....AND THAT IS NOT FREEDOM OF SPEECH....NONETHELESS IF IT IS AN IGNORANT MISTAKE THEN AM GLAD THAT THE UNIVERSITY IS EDUCATING HIM TO BE MORE SENSITIVE OF OTHERS BY ASKING HIM TO READ THE BOOKS , PERFORMING THE COMMUNITY SERVICE AND WRITING REPORTS ABOUT THE BOOKS READ.....THIS WAY ALLEVIATING HIS IGNORANCE.PRESENT DAY STUDENTS NEED TO KNOW WHY THEY ARE SENT TO SCHOOL IN THE FIRST PLACE ...I WILL NOT GO TO A GREAT SCHOOL AS JOHN HOPKINS TO BE MAKING CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENTS ...INSTEAD I MIGHT AS WELL GO TO A NEAR BY COMMUNITY COLLEGE OR STAY HOME PUT.....THEN I CAN SAY ALL I WANT UNDER FREEDOM OF SPEECH.....THE STUDENT’S INTENTION WAS PERIOD TO HURT THE THE FEELINGS OF A SPECIFIC GROUP...AND THAT IS NOT FREEDOM OF SPEECH.....I BELIEVE THE PUNISHMENT IS JUSTIFIED AND HOPEFULLY OTHER BIASED STUDENTS CAN LEARN FROM THIS......WE ALL NEED TO BE MORE EMPATHETIC ABOUT WHAT WE SAY AND WRITE ESPECIALLY THE YOUNG ONES.....
TIMOTHY O. ADESANYA, M.D, at 1:25 pm EST on December 2, 2006
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Meanwhile...
The president of the University of Pennsylvania has a halloween party where she poses with a student dressed as a Palestinian suicide bomber — replete with khafiya, imitation dynamite, and a reasonably good toy AK-47. The student — at the president’s house — holds mock execution of hostages...while reciting passages from the Qu’ran. The university chaplain reportedly tells the student that he’s a “big fan” of the costume. When forced to issue a milquetoast apology, President Amy Gutman nonetheless defends the student’s right to wear the costume.
Needless to say, the Penn administrators won’t be forced to sit through diversity re-education seminars.
If it seems that students are having a tough time getting the message, perhaps it’s time to consider what the message is. In instances like those at Penn, the message very clearly is “some animals are more equal than others.” College students can be dumb, but that doesn’t mean they’re stupid.
They see the diversity programs for what they are — a front for a political agenda — and they discount it accordingly. Perhaps if we taught tolerance (as defined in the dictionary) instead of the guilt based set of double-standards it has become, we’d find a more receptive audience.
Stu Gittelman, at 8:10 am EST on November 16, 2006