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Coaches vs. Faculty and Staff

In a letter delivered earlier this week to Congress defending the tax-exempt status of big-time college sports, Myles Brand, president of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, writes that “coaches’ compensation packages, especially those with seven-figure packages, include institutional salaries commensurate with other highly paid and highly recruited faculty and staff.”

Brand goes on to explain that the majority of the total income of these high-paid coaches comes not from an institution’s tax-exempt dollars but from outside revenue. “This is exactly the same method that colleges and universities use to compete for top academicians in selected disciplines,” the letter says.

On Thursday, a day after the NCAA made public the Brand letter, USA Today released a report — including a comprehensive salary database — on the state of head coaches’ wages in Division I-A football. The data show that coaches at the association’s top-level institutions are earning an average of $950,000, without counting benefit packages or other perks. At least 35 coaches will make $1 million or more this year — and the three top-paid coaches earn well over $2.5 million.

The newspaper’s report points out some of what Brand does in his letter — that only a small portion of a Division I-A coach’s income (an average of 25 percent) comes from base salary. Many receive money from lucrative television contracts, apparel deals and other endorsements. For instance, Auburn University head football coach Tommy Tuberville earns a $235,000 base salary but earned $2.2 million overall, according to USA Today’s information.

Brand continues his coaches-to-faculty comparison in the letter: “There are likely to be as many as two dozen ‘million dollar faculty’ members on each of these [Division I-A] campuses who earn a relatively small salary from the institution with the balance coming in the form of clinical and private practices, patent royalties, consulting contracts, books, speaking engagements and other sources.

“It should be noted, however, that faculty members have the protection of tenure while coaches are employed at will and can be dismissed for lackluster win-loss records or the inappropriate behavior of 18- to 22-year olds,” the letter says.

Scores of professors would take issue with Brand’s “million dollar faculty” calculus. While there is substantial money to be made by writing the newest Economics 101 textbook, for instance, the number of faculty members who see that revenue — likely in the thousands, not millions — is small.

Gary R. Roberts, deputy dean of Tulane University’s law school and director of its sports law program, said that only at some medical schools would you find the kind of seven-figure salaries that Brand mentions in the letter. But even that, he said, is misleading, because the surgeons on the clinical faculty aren’t “real classroom faculty,” he said.

“It is not accurate ... to say that the overall compensation earned by major football and men’s basketball coaches today are within the order of magnitude of the highest paid classroom teaching faculty,” Roberts said in an e-mail.

According to the most recent data from the American Association of University Professors, the average faculty salary increased by 3.1 percent in 2005-6 — a year in which the inflation rate was 3.4 percent. The average salary for professors is roughly $100,000 at doctoral research universities and $130,000 at private doctoral institutions, the AAUP study shows. The group also notes that average salaries of college presidents and the average size of college endowments have outpaced rises in professors’ pay.

The University of California at Los Angeles, which pays its full-time professors an average of $130,000 a year, tops the list for doctoral research universities. By comparison, the university’s head football coach makes a base salary of $181,000 and a total of $881,000, according to USA Today figures.

Andrew Zimbalist, the Robert A. Woods Professor of Economics at Smith College and author of Unpaid Professionals: Commercialization and Conflict in Big-Time College Sports, said a person’s societal value is, in part, measured by salary. “If a coach is getting five times as much as a university president and 10 or 20 times as much as an average full-time professor, that’s making a statement to the student body about what’s important.”

Murray Sperber, a former English professor at Indiana University and author of College Sports Inc., wrote in an e-mail that “the enormity of coaches’ annual income deals mainly proves that they are in the entertainment, not the education, business.....If anything proves that big-time college football and basketball has little to do with higher education, it is these coaches’ deals.”

Survey results released earlier this year by the College and University Professional Association for Human Resources show that among all institutions, the highest paid “mid-level staff position” was staff physician ($127,270 median), followed by staff lawyer ($96,326). By comparison, the median salary is $65,000 for a department business manager and $48,000 for a reference librarian.

And for the average college faculty or staff member, even a mid-level coach’s salary likely seems high. The CUPA-HR study found that at doctoral institutions, the medians for five athletic positions are all in the six figures: head football coach ($185,000), head men’s basketball coach ($157,500), head women’s basketball coach ($108,000), offensive coordinator for football ($101,097) and defensive coordinator for football ($101,000). But when you include all institutions, including two-year colleges, those numbers drop significantly — $74,000 for a head football coach and $63,000 for a men’s basketball coach.

“You can’t lump all the bananas into one bunch,” said Grant Teaff, executive director of the American Football Coaches Association. “We’re talking about a small percentage of football coaches in America who attain this [million-dollar] status. The majority of coaches, like a majority of teachers, work for much less.”

Brand, both in his letter and in previous statements, has said that he would like to see colleges stay within their means when hiring coaches. But he also defended coaches’ pay, saying that it is market-driven. Brand also said that the NCAA can’t set financial parameters for individual colleges without being in violation of antitrust laws.

Teaff added that “coaches should not be blamed [for high salaries] — institutions pay them based on solid logic. The value they provide an institution is huge.”

Still, that — like the institutional value of a high-profile professor — is hard to measure.

Elia Powers

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Comments

Apples to oranges?

” .. If anything proves that big-time college football and basketball has little to do with higher education, it is these coaches’ deals.”

While comments such as “beer and circuses” can be amusing and entertaining — trying to compare faculty who are government-subsidized employees with an ancient, albeit currently-legal protection of tenure with administrators who can be fired on a moment’s notice is like trying to compare entry-level employees with CEOs.

Utterly laughable, absurd, and ridiculous.

Want to bring down big-time college sports? Get the public to stop supporting them. The market will do the rest, as the late Milton Friedman (R.I.P.) would probably note.

Until then — why not try teaching to high academic standards? That is the purpose of college, isn’t it?

B.D., at 6:40 am EST on November 17, 2006

At our institution, athletics is financially independent with most of our coaches, incredibly sizable, salary coming from private sources. In the end, athletics subsidizes the academic division. Moreover, many donors begin their philanthropic relationship with the institution through athletics. Without athletics income, many worthwhile academic programs would go unfunded.

Alumni and others love autumn saturdays at the stadium... I don’t see much wrong with that as long athletics departments can pay their own way. Just like faculty focus on different areas — teaching, research, service — students, alumni, and others focus on different aspects of higher education. For some, the most important aspect is academics, for others the social scene, for others co-curricular life. Like B.D. said, if folks don’t like it, work on affecting demand. The market will take care of the rest.

K.T., at 9:10 am EST on November 17, 2006

K.T.—are you kidding me

Please present empirical evidence of your statements. I do not know what institution you are talking, but I know of not one that truly pays 100%.

Also what is your evidence that giving begins at athletics and athletic supports the academic division?/ How is that possible when over 90% of athletic departments lose money? Please see the Orzag report on the NCAA website, or review the Knight Commission website, or www.thedrakegroup.org. All sites have empirical reseach that debunk the myth that athletics is a financial boon to an institution, increases giving, quality of applications, giving to academics—or even athletics.

The best that can be determined is a modest short term on year spike in some of these areas at the most successful schools.

Unfortunately you are drinking the Kool aid of the myths where people try to justify the state of college sports—and KT it is simply not true. If you have evidence to support your claims—please enlighten me.

B. David Ridpath, Asst. Professor at ohio University, at 9:50 am EST on November 17, 2006

Coaches vs Faculty and Staff

Fellow readers, Put aside for a moment the peak represented by high profile head coaches in major sports at major universities.

Allow me to use as my standard the base salaries of assistant football coaches at my university — one that plays in a big time conference, but has a very weak tradition of winning, bowl games, etc.

Five years ago I was one of four professors out of over 2,000 awarded the “University Research Professor” designation.

Three years ago I was one of six professors honored by the university alumni association for its annual “Great Teacher” awards.

Last year I was one of six professors who received the Provost’s University Teaching Award.

My hope some day would be to earn a base salary equal to that of one of our assistant football coaches. I believe right now I earn at best 50% of that standard.

By the way, I doubt the studies include summer camp extra compensation (for coaches, not professors) — in many cases, the word is that an assistant coach can double her/his base salary earnings — all the more interesting in that they are on 12 month contracts while also earning summer camp income. Is this a great campus, or what?

Professor, Professor, at 11:20 am EST on November 17, 2006

Well, I’m not going to put my institution here because I post her anonymously for a reason. But, you’re welcome to e-mail me at kamitoishi@hotmail.com and I’ll try and respond over the weekend with greater detail.

But, yes our academic division receives annual income from athletics for a number of scholarship and academic programs that otherwise do not have a funding source. And, yes there is some institutional money that goes to athletics (base salaries for coaches, mentors, etc. so it is not wholly self-sufficient) but the extravagant portions of athletics are indeed privately funded. I would view the base funding that goes to athletics no different than institutional base funding that goes to — what I view as — often superflourous faculty research, administrative functions, etc. Higher education answers to many different constituencies and there should be room for all to participate in the enterprise — not just those interested in the academic portion, which is only one component of university life.

And, I’ll dig up the dissertation and scholarly research that focuses on motivations for philanthropic giving. Unfortunately, I can’t release to you our institution’s own internal research that demonstrates that.

And, I don’t consume sugar so I’ve never tasted Kool Aid.

K.T., at 11:45 am EST on November 17, 2006

Why should you make 50% of that if your services are in less demand than that of a college football coach. Their services are in high demand (i.e. a fairly small labor pool), whereas from my own experience as a Ph.D. and from serving on so many search committees, we have a dramtic oversupply of PhDs in many disciplines.

K.T., at 11:45 am EST on November 17, 2006

Orzag: NSD

Excuse me — I’ve actually read the Orzag report. Its bottom line: cannot say, one way or another, whether total impact of college sports is economically positive or negative. More research needed.

As for The Drake Group — everyone knows they are 100% anti-Division I. So why bother reading their reports, when the outcome is 100% pre-destined? It would be like expecting Howard Dean to endorse GWB.

B.D., at 12:55 pm EST on November 17, 2006

Myles Brand’s apparently spurious argument that many professors are paid as much as coaches is what I find disturbing. The real issue in this debate is how athletic programs affect the integrity of universities. Brand’s job is to ensure the integrity of athletics. By making an argument of convenience just to defend the NCAA’s tax status — could he not find a more substantial defense? — Brand raises uncomfortable questions about his commitment to the values he is supposed to be protecting.

Hugh J. Martin, Assistant Professor at University of Georgia, at 1:00 pm EST on November 17, 2006

Agree with the Professor

Alums who give to athletics are actually LESS likely to give to the actual university because they think they have already given. Most athletic departments lose money, and it is the university that bails them out. I find it hard to believe that any educated person could say that athletics increases the success of a particular university. Providing a high class education would be the best way to improve the success of an institution.

I fail to see how sitting 85,000 people in a stadium every Saturday brings up the standards of a university.

Students do apply more to universities with winning programs, true. But who cares? Are applications a proxy for success? I don’t think so.

Mark, at 3:40 pm EST on November 17, 2006

B.D. facts please

B.D. first off that is not all the Orzag report said and there were areas of no significance stated, and I also mentioned other areas of empirical research you fail to mention—please see great research on TDG website and the Knight Commission website. What you can’t find is empirical research that supports the myths that Brand and his minons continually tout.

I also challenge you to fine one official statement that says The Drake Group is anti-Division I. That is simply an ignorant, uniformed statement. You are the Kool Aid drinker and I am moving KC to 10% fruit juice:). We are for college sports—get it—actual COLLEGE STUDENTS PLAYING COLLEGE SPORTS. Not professional athletes playing on a one year contract to win and generate revenue in a culture of eligibility maintenence. Only Division I you say—Read the Game of Life if youhaven’t already.

KT—I would love to hear more. I do acknowledge that some athletic programs have given sizable chunks to academics (Penn State comes to mind, along with Ohio State—however they are part of the less than 10% who can actually say they finished in the black). It is in single digits those that do, and there are far many more who lose money, rely on bailouts, institutional subsidies etc. I also agree that academic integrity can not be sacrificed just to make money—so is that money poisoned (the profit). It is a very interesting statement.

The end does not justify the means IMHO.

B. David Ridpath, at 4:55 pm EST on November 17, 2006

The reason that football/basketball coaches earn so much more than the average faculty member is that the market dictates their worth. The coach who is able to compete at the national level is a rare one, and limited supply drives up compensation. Twenty years ago Texas A&M began offering million dollar contracts to professors who had won a Nobel in their field. Again a very small population from which your supply is drawn. Are any of these guys worth it? It depends upon what you demand.

Michael, at 10:00 pm EST on November 17, 2006

You first, pal

” .. that is not all the Orzag report said ..”

You so smart, challenging others to quote studies. Your turn now — where does Orzag study say, what you say, it says. (And improve your blogging grammer, please.)

” .. I also challenge you to fine (sic) one official statement that says The Drake Group is anti-Division I ..”

You first — you cite TDG material that says it is FOR today’s Division I structure.

Again — Sweet Mary & Jospeph — you don’t like big-time college sports? Then get people to stop watching and buying tickets.

Until then (right after Hades freezes over) — just do your job first. From what I can tell, today’s college students really need lessons in manners, discipline, and working a full eight-hour shift without whining.

B.D., at 10:05 pm EST on November 17, 2006

Your answers—and your turn

I apologize for my blogging grammer (sic intended for humor). Just typing too fast—but touche’

On our website there are several articles and statements where we tout the benefits of athletics and college students playing college sports. There are also many publications and media articles that state that. However I will specifically refer you to our St. Louis conference where I said that to the media. It is all there.

As far as people not buying tickets—that is not the issue. They will still buy tickets if there are actual students playing who are getting a legit education—period.

On to Orszag—but let me preface by saying that I am only repeating what Dr. Brand and his minions are saying—that many of the myths surrounding the benefits of college athletics are flat out wrong.

Here are some examples for you to ponder:

“Much of the rhetoric intercollegiate athletics is based on two starkly opposing views,” said Peter Orszag. “One suggests that increased spending on college sports is the road to riches, and the other claims it is the road to ruin. Although you find case studies in which either position can be validated, empirical data in our interim study suggests that neither view is correct for a broad array of schools.”

In fact, the study shows:

Operating expenditures for athletics are a relatively small share of overall academic spending, roughly about 3.5 percent of total higher education spending for Division I-A schools.

Increased spending on football and basketball produce neither an increase nor a decrease in net operating revenue, on average, over the eight-year study time span. The study finds that one dollar spent on football or basketball is associated with, on average, about one dollar in additional operating revenue.

Increased spending on football or men’s basketball does not produce medium-term increases in winning percentages, and higher winning percentages do not produce medium-term increases in net operating revenue.

There is no correlation between increased spending and increases or decreases in the measurable academic quality of new students or alumni giving.

An arms race can be defined as occurring when increased expenditures at one school trigger increases at other schools. Under that definition, the data on operating expenditures do not clearly show an arms race today. As the interim report states; however, “It is important to emphasize that the existence of an ‘arms race’ may be concentrated in capital expenditures, which are not adequately recorded in the [existing] data. We find that many widelyheld perspectives about spending on big-time sports by colleges – by both proponents and opponents of such spending – are not supported by the statistical evidence.”

—What I cannot find are any case studies where the other side can be validated other than a short term spike.

I also recommend the following link from renowned economist Robert H. Frank

here is an excerpt— http://www.knightcommission.org/i...s/uploads/KCIA_Frank_report_2004.pdf

Do successful college athletic programs stimulate additional applications fromprospective students and greater contributions by alumni and other donors? And if so, is it likely that additional investment in such programs is a cost-effective way of increasing these benefits?

In this paper I first consider these questions from a theoretical perspective that focuses on the economic incentives confronting institutions that participate in big-timecollege athletics. I then review numerous empirical studies that have attempted tomeasure various aspects of the relationships between athletic success and success in other domains.

The findings reported in these studies are mixed, but the overall message iseasily summarized: It is that if success in athletics does generate the indirect benefits in question, the effects are almost surely very small.”

Now I have answered your questions—cleaned up my grammar. So—please present any evidence that we are 100% against Division I and any of your other conclusions.

B. David Ridpath, Asst. Professor at Ohio University, at 11:15 am EST on November 18, 2006

I forgot

I do do my job as far as educating students and upholding standards. I want to make that clear. My students are disciplined and I challenge them to not abide by the status quo and think critically. Any of my scholarly and service pursuits do not interfere with that primary mission—as athletics should not interfere. It should support!

I do need to add that we are not(TDG) for the structure of Division I where it is run in a current corporate revenue generating business model that has little if any relationship to education. If that is what you mean, then I must say you are correct. However we are not against Division I sports, just the current model. That may be what you mean, so I wanted to be sure.

B. david Ridpath, at 11:15 am EST on November 18, 2006

Thanks for admitting your error

” .. empirical data in our interim study suggests that neither view is correct for a broad array of schools.”

In other words — as is usually the case in soft-side academia — neither position could be established with the finality noted in hard-science academia.

Or — put another way — NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE between the non-finality of either side.

I’ve proven my point. I refuse to argue with yahoo’s whose inability to concede what they have just stated is legion.

No one has proven, with finality, whether or not big-time college sports can or cannot financially improve a college’s performance. For example:

U-M’s most-famous leaderhttp://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dl...cs.dll/article%3FAID%3D2006611180307

Ivy footballhttp://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/17...ball/17ivy.html?_r=1&oref=slogin

B.D., at 1:05 pm EST on November 18, 2006

Coaches vs Faculty and Staff

Dear Kt

Market forces — for coaches, including assistant coaches — glad you mentione that. Shoiw me the evidence that AD’s rely on market forces in making hiring decisions for coaches. At our institution we have a career loser who has been fired from several universities and pro teams, yet who was hired on a search that set no limits on salary.

There is no real market for coaches. Most of the assistanta coaches have no credentials, other than references from other, often losing, coaches.

My worth to my university is great. I have received prestigious national grants, I chair numerous PhD disserations, I help our formula for faculty salaries as determined by our Council of Postsendary Education, I publish books and articles. What your commkent leads to is that there really is not an open market on coaches — their searches are highly circumsribed, not at all subject to any market forces.

There is little that is rational in the market of hiring coaches. Remember, I am at a university that covets acadmic prestige. Do you really think an assistant football coach for a chronically losing program will help them reach that goal?

professor, Professor, at 9:35 pm EST on November 18, 2006

No error here

Again look at the entire picture—and the Frank report. Not every report says no significance, and certainly the Orszag report does not say it in every instance. What is clear in every study I have seen, is no indication of significance in the way it appears you want it to be.

Just say that you love the current system and no changes need to be made. You are entitled to your opinion, however I have also done extensive research in this area (you may access this on TDG’s website) that support my contention.

Again—show me the benefits, because all of the studies you and I mention do show significance in many indicators. I have not seen one that supports it the other way.

Also—work on you grammar too. It is Joseph!!

We can agree to disagree—but there is no error on my part.

B. David Ridpath, at 8:05 am EST on November 21, 2006

coaches vs faculty and staff

Those who invoke “market forces” to justify the salaries of coaches have been a bit quiet lately. So, to resume the conversation, allow me to add another point.

It’s not uncommon to find that head coaches hire relatives (sons) as assistant coaches or as graduate assistants. Is this open market force at work? Also, at one major university there was an announcement well in advance that the son of the retiring head coach was being groomed to succeed his father.

Market forces?

One commentator justified the high salary for assistant football coaches (even at losing record programs such as my university) because there was a small pool from which to hire. I doubt that — the pool of interested, qualified people to serve as assistant college football coaches is huge.

The coaching market also operates in a peculiar manner from faculty. Often it is exempted from standard university procedures for posting jobs, holding interviews, affirmative action, and so on. Also, in a faculty search, there usually is a cap on salary — so, if a candidate commanded higher than the cap, the university tosses her/him out of the “market.” No such constraints on hiring a head football coach.

One commentator mentioned that some star faculty get high compensation for consulting, etc. — but these usually are not part of the contract with the university. In contrast, the head coach gets guarantees on TV shows, endorsements, etc. as part of the contract. This was the key finding in football coach Pepper Rogers’ law suit against Georgia Tech back in the 1980s when Georgia Tech argued, in vain, that his buy out should not include endorsements, TV show fees, etc.

Professor, Professor, at 12:20 pm EST on November 22, 2006

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