News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
May 29, 2007
Ten years ago, Texas legislators created the “10 percent” plan — an innovative and controversial approach to public college admissions that seemed to assure racial and ethnic diversity at flagship universities, even if they were barred from using affirmative action.
Ever since the plan was created, complaints have come in from the University of Texas at Austin and its would-be students, and for much of the 2007 session of the Texas Legislature, it appeared that this would be the year for the plan to be scaled back. Both the House of Representatives and the Senate passed legislation to do so and a conference committee came up with a compromise version, which passed the Senate. But Sunday night, the House refused to go along, and voted down the idea of changing the 10 percent plan, 75-64.
Legislators representing minority and rural districts, who perceive the 10 percent system as helping their constituents, united to push back the legislation.
The 10 percent plan works like this: Graduates in the top 10 percent of their high school classes are admitted automatically to the public college or university of their choice. Standardized test scores and other factors are not considered. The impetus for the plan was a federal appeals court decision, known as the Hopwood ruling, that barred public colleges in Texas from considering race or ethnicity in admissions. Texas legislators feared that their leading universities would lose their black and Latino enrollments, and reasoned that 10 percent would prevent that from happening. Texas, like many states, has many high schools that are overwhelmingly black or Latino, so 10 percent assured that some of those students would end up in Austin.
That logic encouraged Florida and California to adopt similar plans.
In 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court — in two cases involving the University of Michigan — ruled that public colleges could in certain ways consider race and ethnicity in admissions. Since this decision effectively reversed Hopwood, critics of 10 percent hoped that legislators would no longer see the need for the system. The critics have argued that the system is unfair to very well prepared students at top high schools, who may be in the top 11-15 percent of their classes, but who have a tough time now getting into UT-Austin.
About 70 percent of the freshman class at Austin is admitted through the 10 percent plan. The proposal that almost became law would have capped 10 percent automatic admits at 50 percent of a class, giving preference to those with the highest class ranks. An additional 10 percent of the class would have been admitted through a combination of 10 percent status and other factors, but Austin would have gained flexibility for the rest of its class. (Austin is the only institution where more than half of its class is admitted through the 10 percent plan.)
Defenders of the 10 percent system said it promoted equity and academic performance in high school. Rep. Helen Giddings was quoted in Texas press accounts as saying that under the current system, “you don’t have to be an athlete today, you don’t have to be related to a large donor today, you don’t have to be wealthy today, you don’t have to be a legacy today. You have to perform.”
Sen. Florence Shapiro, author of the bill, told The Dallas Morning News that the 10 percent system “handicapped” universities in making it impossible for them to admit students whose SAT or ACT test scores demonstrated that they were worthy. “Admission exclusively on the basis of a single criterion — class rank — created an unfair imbalance among Texas high school graduates.”
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I share your sentiment, Bill, but we mustn’t assume that finishing in the top 10% of any given highschool constitutes “exemplary performance” (in the sense that you mean the term), and even less so that it constitutes adequate preparation for college.
aitatxua, at 9:45 am EDT on May 29, 2007
The members of the Texas Legislature voting against this are very short-sighted. What makes universities great are the students it recruits. Without a cap on the 10% rule, UT could become a haven of drab book smart individuals. What will happen to the musicians, artists, and others not forgoing extracurriculars for the best class rank. The most innovative individuals are not necessarily in the top 10% of a high school class. The House was wrong on this vote.
Paul, Financial Aid Associate, at 10:40 am EDT on May 29, 2007
There is certainly more to this than UT choosing it’s population. I have taught many of these students, and sat with them while they were in despair. They were in the top 10% of their high school and their knowledge was equal to that of a 10th grade at a “good” high school. Many drop out, or lose faith in themselves because they realize they aren’t prepared. So- if we are going to keep the 10% rule letting them in, then the legislators need to fund the learning skills classes to help them stay! Access isn’t success! Maybe using just one criteria really isn’t the answer. Sorry- but I’m thinking of the students.
Anothervoice, Professor at ACC & UT, at 11:00 am EDT on May 29, 2007
In my earlier posting, I omitted to mention that “exemplary” should, in fact mean “exemplary,” and it is, unfortunately, all too true that our secondary schools are not always covering themselves in glory on this point. That said, we need to quit making excuses for secondary failure and then acting as though we anticipate it and planning accordingly. It is high time to accord the professionals in those schools the respect they deserve (and pay them accordingly) while insisting on student performance at appropriate levels as a caveat for graduation, let alone distinction. We cannot continue to do business as we have in the past, simply pandering to the secondary schools’ shortcomings and adjusting our expectations downward accordingly.
It is true that there are students outside of the top ten who certainly deserve the opportunity to attend our state’s finest institutions of public higher education, but I don’t think it unreasonable to insist on membership in the top ten to enjoy the particular priority on admittance we are discussing here. Looking at these letters, I am struck by our schizophrenia in the sense that we want to have it both ways. On the one hand, we want to assert that many of the top ten percent of graduates from our public schools are woefully underprepared for college; on the other, we wish to argue that insisting on top ten membership is unreasonable academic elitism.
Here is a novel concept, how about funding the state’s other institutions at UT Austin’s level so that every region of our state and every potential student has the opportunity to get a first class education as long as they are willing to try? The day we do that (right after it rains beer), I will cheerfully support removing the present top ten rule.
Bill Harris, Professor at University of Texas at Brownsville, at 12:10 pm EDT on May 29, 2007
As I understand it, the Texas “10 percent” plan, like the affirmative action initiative it supplanted, is attempting to ensure minority students access to the top public universities in the state. While it might not prove to be the perfect solution to ensure minority students access to the state’s top public universities, it nevertheless makes a clear statement in favor of equity and fairness. When society makes such a statement we find that the benefits extend beyond the targeted group. In this case students from high schools in rural districts that lack the resources of their urban and suburban counterparts now have a clear and reasonable path to the top state universities. The vote of the legislators representing the rural districts testifies of the benefit of the “10 percent” plan to the larger community. The Civil Rights movement had a similar beneficial impact on the status of white women in our society.
CJ, at 12:35 pm EDT on May 29, 2007
Top 10 Percent doesn’t ensure racial diversity any more than admitting every student in the state of Texas ensures diversity. What good is admitting every student if that student or that student’s family cannot afford the rapid tuition increases at state universities such as UT-Austin?
Addressing the racial divide in college admissions starts with addressing the class gap; the two are often intimately intertwined. “Does Top 10 Percent ensure economic diversity?” is the question we need to ask. Judging by tuition prices and how well families of students admitted were able to bear them from 1997 to 2007, it’s not hard to find an answer.
Does Carlton Banks deserve a shot at UT any more than someone from the Fifth Ward of Houston? It depends on who’s cutting the checks for the stadium expansion.
Steven, UT, at 3:15 am EDT on May 30, 2007
Almost every state university implements a program such as this, though typically covertly. Otherwise taxpayers would wonder why they are subsidizing a school that caters mostly to the urban elites of one or two areas.
The University of Washington has done this for years, and what it means in practice is that a lot of smart people with the same GPA as mediocre people don’t get in. Choosing your high school is the most important criteria—an average student can shine at a lesser school, even if those schools are a few miles away. Also, there is really no way to compare what it takes to earn a particular GPA from school to school. The cost would be prohibitive. By eliminating test scores, the state blocks an important, objective criteria.
Hurrah for Texas for at least being up front about it.
Steve, at 3:15 am EDT on May 30, 2007
I share the sentiments of many of the people posting here.
The Top 10 rule does not solve all the issues we see in education today — underpaid teachers, low-income neighborhoods often times getting substandard education, colleges & universities collecting our tax dollars but catering to those in the higher financial brackets, etc., etc.
However it has helped many many students from lower socio economic neighborhoods to have access to an exceptional university based on the commitment of those students to academic studies.
I applaud the Texas legislative (who often times doesn’t get it right) and especially to the representatives from those less wealthy districts who proved that in the US one person’s vote is still equal to another’s vote — regardless of their economic status. They have done right by their constituents.
And if skills are lacking in some — let’s step up to the plate and provide programs to these students who have already proved their commitment and discipline to achieve good grades and succeed, by providing additional classes to help get them up to speed asap.
For once I am excited my taxpayer’s dollars are going to a worthwhile endeavor.
carmen, Goodwill industries, at 2:15 pm EDT on June 2, 2007
I must say after hearing all the views of strangers that I agree with the way our legislation has voted. My own son, who just graduated in the top ten percent, was given a golden opportunity. I saw him long hours during his senior year when most students catch senioritis. He kept his head down, studying and working a part time job. I not only applaud his efforts, but I applaud those who voted to provide those who work hard with the right to climb an even higher level. No one in our family has graduated from a four year college. He will be the first. It’s a huge blessing to know that others have provided a way and a means for him to go further than his previous generations. I thank the Texas legislators for reminding others that it’s not race, religion, sex or money that determines whether you can achieve the American dream, but integrity, a strong work ethic and a desire to persevere is all one needs ot have it.
Lorri, Operations Manager at James Financial Group, at 10:40 am EDT on June 7, 2007
As a graduate of UT at Austin, I too applaud those that fought to keep the 10% rule. Let the rest compete with the 90% left. In 1965 very few Mexican Americans like myself walked the campus at Austin as freshman and later many of us were drafted into the Vietnam war. I think we have contributed enough so that our grandchildren can be longhorns or whatever else they want to be. Amen
Abdon Ibarra, at 3:05 pm EDT on June 15, 2007
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Top Ten
Thank God this abysmal legislative session in Texas (featuring a significant budget surplus but teacher pay raises in the area of $495.00 a year) did not go along with UT Austin on this legislation. However “prejudicial” UT Austin regards the existing legislation as being, that prejudice rests firmly on UT’s continuing committment to its own prejudices. It is simply that the institution dislikes public policy that refuses to “kowtow” to its desire to exercise unfettered choice of its own student population while continuing to graze happily at the public trough. The legislature got this one right, and I applaud those who stood up against the very powerful UT lobby to continue to make academic excellence available to all of the state’s children who have earned the right to attend the state school of their choice through their exemplary performance in high school!
Bill Harris, Professor at University of Texas at Brownsville, at 8:55 am EDT on May 29, 2007