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Adjuncts and God: Why Are 2 Instructors Out of Jobs?

The adage says that you’re supposed to avoid talk of religion and politics in polite company, but the topics are hard to avoid if you teach Western civilization. And the topics may be especially dangerous for adjuncts.

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An instructor at Southwestern Community College is charging that the Iowa institution fired him last week for having offended some students by telling them that he wouldn’t teach the Bible as being literally true. And on Friday, the University of Colorado at Boulder chapter of the American Association of University Professors issued a report charging that an adjunct there had not been reappointed in retaliation for disputes with department colleagues who thought he was too religious and too conservative. Officials of both institutions dispute the charges.

Steve Bitterman has been teaching at Southwestern since 2001, and said he’s never had any trouble with students in his courses. He’s an adjunct who teaches history, while also teaching philosophy at Metropolitan Community College, in Nebraska.

This fall, he is teaching Western civilization at Southwestern’s Red Oak campus, and his lectures are broadcast to students at the Osceola campus, with a live hook-up so he can see students. Much of early Western civilization focuses on the myths and beliefs of ancient peoples. Gilgamesh was no problem for students, Bitterman said. But when he got to the Bible on Tuesday, a student walked out of the Osceola section when, Bitterman said, when he wouldn’t agree with her that the story of the Garden of Eden was historically true. Several other students appeared disturbed by the incident, he said. From their questions and statements, he believes that they are evangelical Christians.

“A few of the students thought I was knocking their religion by not promoting it,” he said. “They were upset that I didn’t say that the Bible was literally true.” Bitterman said that he treats the Bible as a historically significant, important work, but that he does not accord it status beyond that. “That really seemed to come as a shock to some of them,” he said.

On Thursday, he said, Linda Wild, a vice president, called him, told him that several of the students and the parents had threatened an unspecified lawsuit, and fired him. Bitterman said Wild said he would be paid for the sessions he had taught and no more. “She said that the parents said that I was there to teach history and not religion and that she agreed,” Bitterman said.

Whether teaching about the Bible or the Reformation or many other topics, Bitterman said that it would be impossible to teach a Western civilization survey course without covering religious topics. Of administrators who fired him and parents who wanted him gone, he said “I assume that they don’t know much history.”

Various administrators at the college did not respond to messages seeking comment. But Barbara Crittenden, Southwestern’s president, told The Des Moines Register: “I can assure you that college understands our employees’ free speech rights. There was no action taken that violated the First Amendment.”

In Colorado, meanwhile, the AAUP has weighed in on behalf of Phil Mitchell, whose contract to teach history was not renewed this spring after a period of 17 years teaching in a program that provides some for-credit courses in dormitories. The AAUP report — published on the College Freedom blog — states that Mitchell enjoyed high rankings from students and peer evaluations of his teaching for most of his tenure, but was briefly in danger of losing his job in 2005, which prompted him to speak out against his department.

The report goes on to say that the AAUP considers Mitchell to have lost his job in retaliation for the statements he made at the time and because of “hostility” in the history department to his conservative religious and political views. The report cites a history of glowing reviews that changed radically at the time that Mitchell charges that some professors started to become concerned about his religious views and his sharing them with students.

Bronson Hilliard, a spokesman for the university, disputed the AAUP report. He said that Mitchell has been given the chance to present evidence of religious bias against him to a series of Colorado administrators, up to the university system president, and has produced “absolutely no evidence.” Hilliard acknowledged that Mitchell was popular with students, but said that the decision not to rehire him had to do with issues of academic rigor, not philosophy. “He was simply not leveling up and following the agreed upon curriculum,” Hilliard said.

Faculty members were concerned that the dormitory-based courses weren’t serious enough and wanted more writing added to them. Mitchell wouldn’t go along, despite “repeated dialogue,” Hilliard said. “Dr. Mitchell didn’t want to go along.”

Mitchell, who has encouraged campus groups to demand his reinstatement, said Sunday that the AAUP report backed his claims and that the administration’s defense that he was not providing enough rigor was “sheer nonsense.”

Scott Jaschik

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Comments

Christians can’t agree on literalism

The literalists do not own the Bible.Not all Christians agree with Biblical literalism.

Actually, the creation stories really belong to the Jewish faith. A vast majority of practicing Jews don’t understand why Christians take the creation stories literally; the Jews have not considered them literal for thousands of years. Of course, literalist Christians would consider the Jews to be apostate and discount their interpretation of their own sacred texts.

As a Christian, what bothers me the most about literalism is that it argues “facts” and misses the “truths.” Whether or not Adam and Eve were real people, or the universe was created in six days, is not the “truth” to be uncovered in these stories. The truth is much, much deeper than superficial “facts.”

Unfortunately, the literalists are the most vocal and reactionary. Their shouting down of those who disagree with them closes off any real discussion and understanding of these ancient texts, and atrophies the Christian faith.

Tom McCool, at 8:20 am EDT on September 24, 2007

Scholarly Competence

Had Steve Bitterman taught that the Garden of Eden story was literally true, he would have been guilty of scholarly malfeasance. That would be grounds for dismissal. Furthermore, it’s a state school & under the constitution cannot show preference for one religion. Professor Bitterman taught Gilgamesh, according to the news story. Had there been a worshiper of Ishtar in the class who insisted on a literal reading of the myth of the Bull of Heaven, would the college have fired him for refusing?

Joseph Duemer, Professor at Clarkson University, at 9:25 am EDT on September 24, 2007

Adjuncts != Temps

Adjuncts are not just “disposable profs” that can be used for the sake of “market efficiency” and then thrown away when it is convenient. The rise in the use of adjuncts over that of full-blown faculty (who tend to have a greater set of legal rights) bodes not well.

Why should someone who is paid a pittance and knows they can be be fired at any time for one small slip of the tongue have any real incentive to teach well?

Joseph C., at 9:30 am EDT on September 24, 2007

Education is supposed to be offensive!

Okay, perhaps not gratuitously so, but you learn more if you’re challenged. The evangelical students were “offended” by the presence of someone not of their faith teaching them? And it cost this guy his job? I’m offended that my boss won’t give me a raise, I think I’ll file a grievance. I’m so tired of people who can’t bear to have their precious feelings hurt, as if it’s impossible to recover and as if there’s no legitimacy to a position that upsets them. Where do these delicate flowers come from, and where, oh where, do they expect to work when they’re done with school?

Kate, at 10:40 am EDT on September 24, 2007

I appreciate the fact that institutions use part-time labor to reduce costs, but why then do the same administrators who adhere to a market philosophy ask adjuncts to go “above and beyond” from time to time? We’re asked to set up additional office hours, be available after courses end to tie up loose ends related to grading, respond to emails in a couple of hours but wait for our first paycheck for four weeks. We’re asked to be market-driven and martyrs at the same time.

Jill, at 10:40 am EDT on September 24, 2007

Religion is not like other subjects. It is not like politics, it is not like literature.

As professionals we should be able to teach a class without preaching either for or against a religion. Both AP should have said “I am not here to say if this is literally true, partially true or not true at all. I am here to teach history. If anyone in this class wants to argue the merits of the religious text in other than an historical sense, then take the talk outside, it doesn’t belong here.”

For a teacher to lecture that Jesus is “the One Way” or that he or she sees no sense in Islam or not eating pork is impolite, insensitive and really, has no relevance to a history class. To single out one ’side’ of the spectrum (Yes God/No God) but not the other is letting politics rule logic.

It sounds to me like each AP mentioned stepped out of line, although I am not sure about dumping each of them.

Go Bosox, at 11:05 am EDT on September 24, 2007

CU Dorm Programs

High marks from students, in an “academic lite” residential course for high-$-paying outstate students who would rather be skiing? Dig a little more deepoly and one might find that an adjunct is either teaching the most brilliant students in America, or buying their accolades with easy As and classes that lack rigor. This is not entirely an adjunct’s fault, given the student-centered consumer model pushed by admins, and before the department gets on its high horse it ought to cast the beam from its own eyes of course, but the rightwing apologists for this bit of acacdemic martyrdom should know better than to rely on student feedback as the litmus test of professional qualifications.

Former CU Adjunct myself...., at 11:20 am EDT on September 24, 2007

Can’t be neutral on some religious claims

There are some religious claims about which faculty cannot be neutral—empirical claims about e.g. the age of the earth or the origin of species. Unlike disputed questions about the existence of God, possibility of post-mortem survival, etc. these are plain empirical facts. If a student’s religion commits him to false beliefs about plain empirical facts so much the worse for his religion. There is no reason why instructors should refrain from challenging false beliefs students hold on religious grounds than any other false beliefs.

H. Baber, at 11:25 am EDT on September 24, 2007

Literal vs. intrepretive bibical stuff

I was the union grievance officer when a faculty member was called on the carpet by the dean because some offensive remarks made in a course. The course was “The Bible as Literature,” and the instructor who was Jewish didn’t have deep seeded belief in the New Testament, so he felt he would “interpret” some scripture for the students. When it came to impregnating Mary, the instructor’s interpretation was that the only thing that made sense was the angel “f—-ed” her. I suspect he said it for effect, and it surely had it. It seems one of the male students was upset because “there are women in the class, ...”

When we were to meet with the Dean, I had my “freedom of speech” sermon all prepared and was taken back by the instructor response. His first words were “What horses—-. That’s the problem with our culture. We want to put women on a pedestal. Did any women complain that I was offensive? (No) He (the student) should have complained that he was offended by my comment, but instead he took a sexist approach and said I was only offensive because women were in the class.” I suspect the Dean was taken back as well because nothing happened with the incident.

I don’t know exactly how that ties into the dialog regarding terminating someone for his/her religious views (for or against), but I am sure that type of nonsense goes on all the time. It is only when one is “offended” by someone else’s views, whether jihadists or fundamental Christians, that we begin to screw up our humanity. Personally, I don’t think Noah got all those animals on a very, very, large boat, but I suspect there was really hard rain and someone, maybe named Noah, tried to save a lot of them. I also believe a bunch of lions weren’t anywhere near the wet region, so they simply lived peacefully in their community (just like Katrina didn’t bother us in the Chicago area). If you are offended by my views, then hey, it’s your problem, not mine.

Fred Flener, Retired, at 1:55 pm EDT on September 24, 2007

Teaching students to think.

It is difficult to introduce a concept that questions persons core beliefs. I have found myself in similar situations while introducing the theory of evolution to secondary school students. I set the stage by empathizing the meaning of a theory, and explained how certain evidence led to the theory. I make it clear that each individual has the right to consider their own hypothesis and conclusions from this evidence. Still I occasionally get students that reacted as though they have been personally attacked. It seems they fear anything that cause them to ponder or reflect on their belief system. Firing a teacher for encouraging students to think is WRONG. Shouldn’t higher education teach students to think and consider possibilities? Faith is an intrinsic feeling, a belief in things not seen, but I thought it was suppose to grow stronger through tests and trials.

Jerine Smith, Life Science Teacher, at 3:00 pm EDT on September 24, 2007

A vast majority of practicing Jews don’t understand why Christians take the creation stories literally; the Jews have not considered them literal for thousands of years.

That depends on how you define “practicing Jews.” Also on how you define “majority.” As for “the Jews” having any sort of agreement on this (or really, any) issue, you must be joking. Many practicing Jews do take the creation story quite literally. Others do not. And there’s quite a range in between.

Rivka, one of those practicing Jews at practice makes perfect, at 8:10 pm EDT on September 24, 2007

history or faith

tTere is a paradox in separating religion from other subjects. Can one teach evolutionary biology without infringing on religious beliefs? Here, can one teach, say, the history of the Jews without questioning the literal truth of the Bible and so infringing on faith? Religion intersects so many subjects that it cannot be set aside as untouchable in “secular” courses.

DE, at 8:15 pm EDT on September 24, 2007

The article in the DesMoines Register quotes a professor who claims to be an atheist. Why would they fire Mr Bitterman for not taking the bible literally and then keep on staff an admitted atheist? There is something to this story that does not add up.

Blind Avocado, I don’t buy it, at 11:30 pm EDT on September 24, 2007

Thanks for the correction, Rivka

Rivka,

You caught my contradiction very well. How can I state that Christians do not agree on Biblical literalism, yet assert that Jews agree on a metaphorical interpretation? Yet my point remains: there is no widespread agreement on the literal or metaphorical interepretation of the Hebrew Bible or the New Testament.

Wherever you stand on literalism, we can all agree that there are deeper truths contained in these ancient texts. We should begin by saying, “You say 6 days. I don’t agree. Let’s move on from there and talk about what it means that God created the universe.”

Tom McCool, at 8:00 am EDT on September 25, 2007

What makes a scientific “fact"?

Pure scientific facts are observable, measureable, and repeatable. I sense an elitist hauty attitude among educators that think things like the age of the earth and evolutionist creation is “fact". The last time I checked neither the creation nor evolution theories were observable, measureable or repeatable which is why they both should be taught as theory. Scientists who can’t nail down their own theory of the age of the earth within a “few billion years” must be a pretty arrogant bunch to believe they alone have the “pedigree” to determine what constitutes the ultimate facts concerning eternal truth.

Dale L Garrett, Whose “facts” count, at 9:25 pm EDT on October 9, 2007

Facts vs. Evidence

As someone trained in science, I must note the difference between facts and evidence. We think of a “fact” as something that has been “proven.” But in science, we amass a body of evidence that leads to a theory being “generally accepted.” Later, new evidence, perhaps driven by new methods or technologies, may change that view and a new theory may emerge. Right now, evolutionary theory is supported by a large body of evidence and is generally accepted. However, there are many hypotheses that that are drawn from this theory (such as “parental investment) that, however logical they may sound, are suspect because there is not evidence to support them or because there are equally plausible alternative explanations. So even when we are sticking to so-called “facts,” we need to be sure that students understand that it is OK, even desirable to question. That is why one of the goals of higher education is to help students to think critically.

CC, at 6:50 am EDT on October 12, 2007

Who’s arrogant?

You seem a bit confused regarding the terms “fact” and “theory,” and “eternal truth,” Dale. No science is concerned with “eternal truth.” Moreover, a theory is a far superior, more sophisticated claim about reality than a “fact,” or group of facts, repeatable or otherwise. A theory is in effect a narrative woven around observable evidence, using facts arrived at both deductively and inductively. You snidely imply that the theory of evolution is not a mere “fact,” therefore it’s only a “theory,” as if the latter term is synonymous with “wild guess.”

If you choose to reject Evolutionary theory as some sort of “eternal thruth,” and would rather believe that the Earth is 4K years old and that Elohim made humans from bark and rocks, so be it. Its a moot point, as evolutionary theory doesn’t address the creation of life, but the origin of species. And that’s a fact.

James Hart, at 9:10 pm EST on December 6, 2007

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