News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
Nov. 26
Controversy seems to be clinging to Dartmouth College’s Board of Trustees this fall. First was the polarizing battle over the way alumni elect some board members. Now comes a speech given last month — and posted recently on YouTube — in which a trustee slams a former college president, says that many academics don’t believe in God, and evokes the Spanish Inquisition in a comment about Larry Summers, the former Harvard president.
Todd J. Zywicki, the trustee and a law professor at George Mason University, gave the address at a John William Pope Center for Higher Education Policy conference. Zywicki says he regrets the way he phrased some comments but adds that portions of the speech have been taken out of context.
Much of the address is a call to arms for those who think academe is infused with leaders who preach the dogma of “environmentalism and feminism.”
Zywicki says the “establishment” at elite colleges is “vicious” and that “if it were the case that there was no morality and no values being taught in the academy, that would be better than what we have.” Those who bankroll the institutions blindly embrace multiculturalism as “their way of getting forgiveness, of showing how virtuous they are despite the fact that they have a lot of money,” he says.
“Those who control the university today, they don’t believe in God and they don’t believe in country,” he continues. “The university is their cathedrals…their entire being. Both those who fund it and those who teach within it are tied up in the university.”
Commenting on campus culture as a whole, Zywicki told the audience, “We have the Spanish Inquisition, and you can ask Larry Summers whether or not the Spanish Inquisition lives on academic campuses today.”
Discussing a late former president of the college, highly regarded by many faculty members for extolling intellectual life, Zywicki said in the speech: “They then brought in this fellow, truly evil man, James Freedman, who basically, simply put, his agenda was to turn Dartmouth into Harvard,” he said in the speech, according to a transcript from the IvyGate blog (Zywicki said he didn’t question the accuracy of the passage.)
Freedman died last year of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and critics say the comments are in poor taste. Zywicki said he apologizes to anyone who came away with that sense, and that he meant to attribute “truly evil man” to a colleague who had previously used that characterization to describe Freedman.
“That’s one of the dangers of speaking from notes rather than from text,” Zywicki said in an interview. “I didn’t mean many things to be taken literally. Obviously I was speaking in perhaps an inappropriately informal manner. If I had known the remarks would be taken out of context, I would have been more thorough in fleshing out that idea.”
Zywicki said he intended to criticize Freedman for what he described as a belief in political correctness at all costs. “Perhaps it was unduly flip, but I have serious concerns about the way he dealt with students while he was president. Someone who bullies and attacks undergraduates in the manner he did is somebody for whom I have absolutely no respect,” he said in the interview.
Revisiting the speech, Zywicki said he regrets the “God and country” comment, which he said was unduly casual.
“I’m not trying to imply that liberals do not believe in God and country,” he says. “The point I was trying to make is that for many people who control the modern university, that modern orthodoxy which is intolerant of many views has taken the place of religious orthodoxies of the past.”
On the Summers comment, Zywicki said that he has consistently expressed concern about any orthodoxies that interfere with free inquiry on college campuses. “That includes incursions from the right and concern about orthodoxy from the left in the form of political correctness and restrain on free speech such as speech codes.”
“I was hoping in a brief set of remarks to illustrate why modern orthodoxies are just as dangerous as ancient orthodoxies.”
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I can never understand Zywicki. He has devoted his life to becoming the “establishment” at “elite” colleges, but yet condemns it.
Obviously, belief in god is a personal matter, and in many circles it is rude to even mention it in the workplace. Likewise, it is a bit of a stretch to think that American academics don’t “believe” in America, since many of them are US citizens, pay taxes, and generally participate in some form of free debate. Perhaps he was trying to make some kind of political point to non-academics and non-lawyers that didn’t go to “elite” schools, but he has nothing in common with them, anyway.
Finally, 1) is turning Dartmouth into Havard (whatever that means) really evil?; and 2) the Spanish inquisition involved torturing and killing people, is he really saying that is happening?
Maybe if he didn’t attend so-called elite colleges, and did not teach one, I might see where he is coming from. Right now he just seems to be bitter that he lost a political battle at a school that he doesn’t even teach at.
Oh, whatever, he is just trolling people, and he seems to have trolled me. Good thing I took his blog off my RSS feeder.
Larry, at 7:30 am EST on November 26, 2007
Correct me I’m wrong, Mr. Zywicki. Wasn’t Freedman the president depicted on the cover of the Dartmouth Review as Hitler? He responded with an eloquent essay elegantly articulating the difference between careful conservative rationale and right-wing thuggery, the latter an affront the former. He challenged these students to be true to their purported ideals. That’s true intellectual leadership, a hallmark of his presidency.
In favor of reason, at 8:25 am EST on November 26, 2007
Yes, many academics believe in the idea of god and not in “God” (the anthropomorphic Lord, Father, and Allah of the Abrahamic holy books), in the idea of our earth as a whole and not in “my” country (the U.S., China, Iran, etc.), and in the idea of one human family and not in national and ethnic identities (American, Mexican, Christian, Moslem, etc.) competing, first, for survival and, then, for dominance. This is a positive development and, over the very long term, the inevitable result of global perspective in both the soft and the hard sciences. Electronic communication, environmental catastrophe, and even world war will continue to undermine national borders and ideological dogmas and to reveal our interbeing. Resistance does and will continue to cause great suffering, but such resistance is ultimately futile since the whole truth becomes clearer with every passing day.
Bob Schenck, at 9:55 am EST on November 26, 2007
Zywicki is a trustee of Dartmouth but I don’t think he’s a trustee of George Mason.
That’s why his four-point battle plan for the expansion of George Mason and other “independent” institutions at the expense of Dartmouth is so puzzling. He’s a lawyer, so he must know what a fiduciary duty is — does he really think that supporting his personal interests at the expense of his board’s is acceptable, whether or not someone’s taping his speech?
Reader, at 11:45 am EST on November 26, 2007
In other words, Zywicki’s remarks are only run-of-the-mill as far as fundamentalist right-wing anti-higher-ed zealots go. But they are shocking coming from a trustee of the institution he’s criticizing and appear to violate his duties to that institution.
Reader, at 11:55 am EST on November 26, 2007
I’m a little surprised that any educated person should believe that universities are about instilling religious faith. I had been taught that they were about advancing knowledge through open-minded discussion (without pre-ordained religious-adherence litmus tests). For those to whom religious faith is an essential matter, there are seminaries and religiously-based institutions. It also seems odd that both former college presidents he names (Summers and Freedman) happen/happened to be Jewish. I wonder what kind of lesson this Trustee is teaching students? Bigotry,intolerance, and lack of respect for others’ beliefs—those are unlikely to be the university goals, I’d hope. Dr. C.
Dr. C., at 12:30 pm EST on November 26, 2007
Dr. C. may have forgotten that most leading colleges and universities in this country were founded on religious principles, and most were based on Christianity. To learn more about that history, see Russell Nieli’s paper “From Christian Gentleman to Bewildered Seekeer"athttp://popecenter.org/inquiry_papers/article.html?id=1884
Jane S. Shaw, Executive Vice President at John William Pope Center for Higher Education Policy, at 1:45 pm EST on November 26, 2007
I’m grappling with the implications of comparing college-level PC movements with the Spanish Inquisition. My initial reaction is to be amused and offended by the overblown comparison of over-heated activist education with the vicious anti-diversity institution which targetted insufficiently converted former Jews and Muslims (unconverted ones were just expelled, or killed), not to mention proto-Protestant heretics in Catholic Spain.
But a slightly more nuanced reading of the Inquisition itself — which is not, I’m afraid, what the original speaker probably intended — suggests that the comparison might have some value. The Inquisition was not primarily about persecution and torture, though those were tools of the institution, but about the redemption of lost souls. Most Inquisitorial actions were extended arguments, rather than thumbscrew sessions, trying to bring those who were accused or suspected “back to the fold.” There were even cases where the standards and arguments of Inquisition were used against Inquisitors by the supposed subjects of their investigations.
Lives were ruined, to be sure, in the enforcement of orthodoxy, and that is, I’m sure, what the comparison was meant to highlight. But there’s more to it than that, and that’s worth thinking about.
Jonathan Dresner, at 2:05 pm EST on November 26, 2007
Jane might also note that the first institutions founded in this country on a religious basis, including Dartmouth, were founded in the eighteenth century. It is now the twenty-first century. All of those institutions have changed since then and would no longer be top-tier schools if they had retained their religious basis.
Areligious, at 2:10 pm EST on November 26, 2007
Mr. Dresner — Perhaps a better comparison than the Spanish Inquisition would have been the Red Guards’ re-education camps. Or perhaps you have never been subjected to freshman (or corporate, for that matter) “diversity training.” First you must repent your sins: as a white male heterosexual (or member of the bourgoisie, as the case may be), you are inherently a racist, classist, oppressor. Having repented, loudly and publicly, you can be lead to the true light, blah, blah, blah.
Gee, maybe the Spanish Inquisition wasn’t such a bad analogy after all.
DBL, at 2:25 pm EST on November 26, 2007
Regardless of whether or not one agrees with Zywicki’s opinions, he does make a fool of himself in his remarks about former President Freedman. He has a lot to learn about being a Trustee.
witty commenter, at 4:15 pm EST on November 26, 2007
In my experience, freshman diversity training would be best compared to a visit to the DMV- it takes about a half-hour, it’s basically a hassle, and most of the people going through it are thinking of other things that they’d rather be doing.
rufus, at 4:35 pm EST on November 26, 2007
DBL, Many years ago I had a form of freshman diversity training. I did not have to repent. All I remember being told to do was to “talk” over any issues regarding loud prayers and spicey food with my roomate. Maybe things have changed.
I hate to defend Zywicki, but I think I need to point out that he is probably not violating a fiduciary duty (if one exists and it isn’t clear). Trustees get themselves into trouble not by being narcissists, but by influencing their universities to buy from their companies or their friends. For all of his faults he does not appear to be involved in this kind of malfeasance.
LArry, at 5:35 pm EST on November 26, 2007
This is pure hysterical Fascism and McCarthyism — a throwback to the 1950s.
TW, at 6:25 pm EST on November 26, 2007
Dr. C. replies: I guess I should have mentioned that I am a professional historian and fully aware of the history of U.S. institutions. Including Dartmouth’s. But I don’t see that a college’s or university’s origins within churches excuses present-day arguments based on anything less than full tolerance, open-mindedness, and respecting the views of others. Seems a matter of modern civility, and a standard around which we would hope to educate the next generation. (There are lots of things in our history we no longer condone or adhere to today, seeing it as progress in human respect and dignity. I see it as more about where leaders point us for the future, not the past.)
Dr. C., at 7:35 pm EST on November 26, 2007
Someone wrote that Zywicki “probably not violating a fiduciary duty (if one exists and it isn’t clear).”
That’s not true. Every trustee on the board of a private college has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and is required to put the interest of the college ahead of his own interests at all times. Zywicki also took a specific oath and is bound by specific duties in Dartmouth’s bylaws that spell out his responsibility to raise money for the institution and to represent it positively in public.
This is why Zywicki’s comments, paranoid as they are, would be no problem if uttered by a non-trustee. Coming from his mouth, however, in the form of a four-part plan for diverting funds away from Dartmouth and toward alternative institutions including his own employer — along with the extremely negative portrayals of the past president, the current president, and the board, and the suggestion that he is using his “back-door” seat as a platform to change the institution in service of the conservative forces in the culture war — is clearly a violation of the particular duties he has on that board, if not his very real fiduciary duties.
Able, at 10:55 am EST on December 3, 2007
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Geo. Will got there first
Mr. Will once said that funding higher-ed was, in essence, funding the Democrats and their political agendas.
Any reasonable person, being objective, would acknowledge that. It is why donors increasingly focus their donations, as well as litigate them later.
Hardly shocking. Or new.
L.L., at 7:30 am EST on November 26, 2007