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Concern Over Michigan Tenure Case

March 10, 2008

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A tenure case at the University of Michigan -- in which the bid of Andrea Smith was recently rejected at the college level -- is attracting an unusual degree of attention from scholars, both at Ann Arbor and nationally.

Smith holds a dual position in Michigan's American culture program, which recommended her for tenure, and women's studies, which rejected her. The college decision against her now moves to the provost for review, and Michigan -- as is the standard in such cases -- will say nothing about the tenure bid.

Many of Smith's graduate students have spread the word about her situation and online discussions in the ethnic studies and women's studies disciplines have been full of strategizing about how to help. Smith is extremely popular with her students, and also has a notable publishing record, with her books and essays appearing on many a syllabus. A Cherokee, she is also among a very small group of Native American scholars who have won positions at top research universities.

Lee Ann Wang, a graduate student at Michigan who is among Smith's advisees, said that "people are in shock" both because of the role Smith has played as a mentor and because of her publishing record. While higher education is full of stories of great teachers whose students are upset when a lack of book contracts derails a tenure bid, Smith noted that wasn't the case here. "She has books she has written, she has anthologies she has edited, she's written for academic presses and non-academic presses," said Wang.

Added Wang: "She has published more than some of her tenured colleagues at the university and her teaching evaluations are through the roof."

Smith is not commenting on her case, but has told Wang and others that she hopes to win tenure.

Much of the Web commentary on the case focuses not just on the perceived injustice but on the role of women's studies as the department that rejected her.

Hugo Schwyzer, who teaches history and gender studies at Pasadena City College, recently blogged about the implications of the women's studies role in the dispute.

"Anyone who reads the feminist blogosphere is aware that the most painful struggle of the past year, played out in so many places, is over the issue of the intersection of racism and sex. A number of prominent women of color have written, time and again, of feeling marginalized or ignored by white feminists," wrote Schwyzer. "Whatever your feelings on the issue of race, gender, and intersectionality, it’s disastrous PR to have the Smith denial come at the hands of the Michigan Women’s Studies department. To a community of activist women of color, many of whom are already suspicious of the bona fides of white feminists, the Smith decision can only serve to increase a sense of cynicism about the prospects for real inclusion."

Schwyzer -- who notes that he has never met Smith -- also reviews Smith's research and particularly the impact of Conquest: Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide, which he calls "a master-work of both advocacy and feminist scholarship."

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Comments on Concern Over Michigan Tenure Case

  • Posted by Steve on March 10, 2008 at 9:00am EDT
  • Oh for the days when professors at universities taught English, math, science, engineering, history and other solid academic subjects. How in the heck did we end up with so many 'cultural' professors of such 'non-solid' subjects like 'women's studies', etc., which to me seem hardly academic in nature, and largely useless to students who need actual jobs when they graduate.

  • Not surprising
  • Posted by Levon Chorbgajian , Professor of Sociology at University of Massachusetts Lowell on March 10, 2008 at 9:45am EDT
  • I've read and reviewed Smith's book Conquest and found it to be thought provoking and intelligent. It is not surprsing though that it would not sit well with a women's studies program. Smith offers a powerful critique of many firmly held feminist beliefs and practices from the perspective of Native and people of color communities. She rejects, as one of numerous examples of her dissent, feminism's heavy reliance on the police and the courts (which are in part experienced as agencies of repression in such communities)as the primary mechanisms for addressing domestic violence. This controversy is reminiscent of a much earlier one: attitudes and practices of 19th century suffragettes on the issues of abolition and freedmen's rights. All too often (with exceptions) racism and paternalism were the order of the day.

  • Check your data
  • Posted by JP on March 10, 2008 at 9:55am EDT
  • Steve, the inclusion of English there is confusing. Within living memory, when "English" was proposed as an academic subject at Oxford, it was met with disbelief. "What would one study?" the old dons asked. "How could one defend such a silly subject as worthy of academic study?" That was the 1920s. I'm afraid you sound just as befuddled.

  • Posted by nruggeri on March 10, 2008 at 9:55am EDT
  • Well, Steve- Unfortunately it is perspectives like yours that keep us all mired in the same situation we have been in over the past 50+ years, with research questions being asked predominantly by men of European descent. It is also this perspective that points to why the tenure system is "broken" in many ways... the tendency for academics to perpetually claim there is "higher status knowledge" in academia is to undermine the very purpose of our charge: to encourage open-mindedness. I do not know the details of this tenure case, but I do know this story is told many times over in academia. While we fear a "watering down" of academic pursuits (which doesn't appear to be the case here), we are losing a tremendous amount by not valuing the powerful voices of women and minorities that come out of seemingly marginal (read: just as valid) fields of research.

  • Intersectionality
  • Posted by Chip , Senior Analyst at Political Research Associates on March 10, 2008 at 10:35am EDT
  • Smith is among those in the forefront of the discussion over "Intersectionality" in which issues of race, class, gender, and identity collide.

    She can be provocative and controversial, and sometimes her arguments make my head hurt, but that's my problem. Every time we have discussed (debated? argued?) an issue, I have come away with a lot more information to ponder, and never have felt patronized or dismissed. Hey, I am a straight White Christian man, and to be challenged in a respectful way on an array of hot topics is a testament to her open style and honest intellectual principles.

    I hope she gets tenure. She deserves it because she has earned it.

  • Posted by Steve on March 10, 2008 at 12:30pm EDT
  • JP, I've been 'befuddled' all my life...certainly my wife would agree with that comment. I meant English Lit of course. And can appreciate the 'disbelief' held by Oxford academicians in the 1920s re: English as a major.

    nruggeri, I'm curious as to why you think the 'watering down of academic pursuits doesn't appear to be the case here'. I have never heard anyone in my lifetime a compelling case to be made for such fields of supposed academic endeavor as 'womens studies', 'gender studies', ect. Now, here's a situation where a major institution (U. of Michigan) has to waste a godawful amount of time (and money) dealing with a professor who's not teaching substantial things like engineering, science, math, and accounting, but 'women's studies' and apparently other 'cultural' topics. Does anyone find themselves questioning why we waste time and resources in such dubious endeavors?

  • Posted by H. E. Baber on March 10, 2008 at 1:25pm EDT
  • It's not the character of "ethnic studies," "gender studies" and the like as academic disciplines focusing on ethnic groups or male-female relations, but the way they're done. Would you object to Classics--possibly the oldest academic discipline--or Orientalism which I think has been going since the medieval period? Classics cuts in much the same way as "ethnic studies"--a cross-disciplinary study of a particular group of people, their history, literature, language, politics, etc.

    The problem with ethnic studies, gender studies and the like as stand-alone academic disciplines is that much of the content is questionable and that most practitioners seem to have unsavory political agendas. When an historian, like Robert Irwin, writes on the Islamic world he does it differently from the way in which most "ethnic studies" people writing on the same subject matter. When economists write on gender issues they do it very differently from "gender studies" specialists who don't have a basis in any more traditional discipline.

    Ethnic studies and gender studies as such are legit. What's problematic is the way in which they've become stand-alone specialties--and de facto academic ghettos for women and people of color which, IMHO doesn't benefit women or people of color. The subject matter isn't a waste of time or money--it's the way in which it's treated.

  • The Brutal System
  • Posted by Mike Sacken , prof of educ at tcu on March 10, 2008 at 1:55pm EDT
  • This tenure dsipute could've and has happened in almost every field/discipline in education. The complexity of race and social class issues was addressed in bell hooks' work, inter alia. The question of identity is not completely answered by one category. Academic work that is critical of the reigning queens and kings is always risky, as they oft will take their revenge come tenure time. Absolute and unaccountable power is corrupting.

    The process of review and conflict over tenure disputes is divisive and exhausting, as it probably should be. I'd guess this "case" will divide allies and friends at UM irrevocably, as it probably should. I read the online responses through the article's link - Professor Smith has a powerfully positive & enduring influence on some of her students and peers.

    I once asked a Harvard prof why she stayed at Harvard after her colleagues denied her tenure, leading to a successful intervention & reversal by then-Prez Derek Bok. She said she decided someone had had to stay and fight on. I wonder if Professor Smith is faced with just such a dire choice: leave to any of the innumerable universities who would like to have her as faculty, or stay and fight, and, if she wins, see those same folks at faculty meetings for the remainder of her career? What a choice!

    I wish her the best; her record is admirable and certainly seems worthy of tenure.

  • Is it remotely possible that.........
  • Posted by Chuck on March 10, 2008 at 3:40pm EDT
  • Is it even remotely possible that the faculty in women's studies, having been colleagues of Ms. Smith for several years have decided, based on the preponderance of the evidence, that she did not merit the award of tenure?

    Of course, it is entirely possible.

    And I would hold the faculty peer reviews in much higher regard than those of her 19-24 y.o. students who (as all faculty surely know) might easily be persuaded by popular considerations other that her scholarship and contributions to the Department's self-governance.

    Verily, even the thinnest pancake always - ALWAYS - has two sides.

  • Anthropologists
  • Posted by JP on March 10, 2008 at 10:40pm EDT
  • Mike, good points. I was just teaching this today--a list of socialist and leftist anthropologists harassed or fired during the Red Scare for their "unsavory political agendas":

    Franz Boas: Retained by Columbia, but expelled from the American Anthropological Association
    Ashley Montague: Fired by Rutgers
    Gene Weltfish: Fired by Columbia after his antiracist pamphlet was declared "subversive" by the HUAC
    Leslie White: Denied promotion and pay raises for 13 years, but retained by Michigan

  • thanks
  • Posted by Hugo Schwyzer at Pasadena City College on March 11, 2008 at 6:45am EDT
  • Thanks, Scott, for linking to this story and to my blog.

  • promotion and tenure
  • Posted by Colleen , tenure/track on March 11, 2008 at 2:20pm EDT
  • Its interesting how quickly this article on concerns about promotion and tenure so quickly digressed into critiques of the merits (or lack) of interdisciplinary studies like Ethnic Studies and Women's Studies. These are significant sources of information for members of university communities - Steve's opinions aside.

    The real issue, however, is not the value of women's studies but the tenure process itself - which is absolutely broken and has been for some time. If people only knew what is happening behind closed doors on campuses across the land. It is bad enough we juniors must sell a kidney to afford our educations and that our student loan debt is mountains higher than anything seniors about to retire were expected to take on (and lets not even talk about the difference in benefits packages and retirement options). It is also shameful how those of us who are not upper class white males have been forced to fight and claw our way up the ladder - having to be three times better just to be equal. But when senior faculty go so far as to ignore and break policies and procedures or indulge themselves in the worst kinds of crony-ism - well, its time for a revolution.

    Anyone who thinks universities are liberal is crazy - they are the last bastions of the worst kinds of elitism, racism and sexism - if you could only see it from where I am sitting, Steve, you would re-consider your point of view.

  • Smith *is* respected by most feminists at UM and elsewhere
  • Posted by anonymous UM feminist on March 30, 2008 at 10:25pm EDT
  • Feminists from around the University and around the country have spoken out in favor of Smith's tenure bid. Most of her colleagues within the Women's Studies department support her. Those with whom I have spoken cannot understand the decision. So, please, don't conclude that this tenure denial in any way reflects any kind of widespread feminist rejection of Smith or her work. To the contrary, it's specifically because Smith is among the most respected feminist scholars of her generation that this strange and unjust decision reflects so poorly on the obviously dysfunctional Women's Studies department at UM.