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Faculty Are Liberal — Who Cares?

One of the key arguments made by David Horowitz and his supporters in recent years is that a left-wing orientation among faculty members results in a lack of curricular balance, which in turn leads to students being indoctrinated rather than educated. The argument is probably made most directly in a film much plugged by Horowitz: “Indoctrinate U.”

A study that will appear soon in the journal PS: Political Science & Politics accepts the first part of the critique of academe and says that it’s true that the professoriate leans left. But the study — notably by one Republican professor and one Democratic professor — finds no evidence of indoctrination. Despite students being educated by liberal professors, their politics change only marginally in their undergraduate years, and that deflates the idea that cadres of tenured radicals are somehow corrupting America’s youth — or scaring them into adopting new political views.

The study’s authors — Gordon Hewitt of Hamilton College and Mack Mariani of Xavier University, in Ohio — write that they believe too much time has been spent debating the proper methodologies for testing whether there is a political imbalance on college faculties. If the danger of such an imbalance is that it is hurting students, the key question is whether the imbalance leads to an otherwise unexplainable shift in student political attitudes.

“The indoctrination argument is fundamentally an argument about change, the main point being that liberal professors indoctrinate students to become more liberal over the course of their college careers,” the authors write. They set out to test the theory.

Based on a review of numerous other studies, as well as of specific surveys of faculty political attitudes at various private colleges, they do not contest that the faculty in higher education is liberal — significantly more so than the public at large. To measure student shifts, the scholars used data from the University of California at Los Angeles Higher Education Research Institute in which students are asked — as freshmen and seniors — to place themselves ideologically. Student data were examined for specific colleges for which data on faculty political leanings were available, and those colleges were grouped into three categories, based on politics. The student attitudes were examined in 1999 as freshmen and 2003 as seniors.

The scholars find some self-selection, with students who enter college as conservative slightly more likely to be found at relatively conservative institutions, and so forth. But over all, they found only slight shifts in political leanings (albeit to the left) during the students’ four years. The analysis also found explanations other than faculty ideology — gender and wealth, for example — that correlate with the modest political shifts that took place. Whether the students attended a college that was more liberal or conservative did not correlate with the shift — which it would have had liberal professors been engaged in indoctrination, the authors write.

Even with the slight shift to the left of students, the authors write, college students graduate with a smaller share of people identifying as “far left” than does the 18-24 year old cohort of the U.S. population.

Political Orientations of Private College Students and the General Population

 

Far Left

Liberal

Moderate

Conservative

Far Right

First-year students (1999)

1.6%

23.3%

47.8%

26.0%

1.3%

Seniors (2003)

3.6%

29.1%

42.8%

23.6%

0.9%

18-24 year old cohort in U.S.

5.3%

28.7%

38.3%

23.4%

2.1%

First, the authors suggest that the shifts are so modest that widescale indoctrination doesn’t make any sense. They then go on to note other trends that they think explain the changes that do take place. For example, female students move more to the left during college than do male students. But this mirrors the national political trend of women being the left of men, and the male and female college students are shifting political views (or not) based on the same faculties.

The authors acknowledge that there is another explanation for the minimal shift in student attitudes (at least for those who think professors are trying to indoctrinate): The professors on the left just might not be very good at indoctrination. But even if that is true, and the authors don’t see evidence for that thesis, they believe that their analysis should be reassuring. “Regardless of any biases (intentional or unintentional) that professors bring to their teaching, the findings presented here should help alleviate the concern that students, on a widespread basis, are being forced to adopt the political positions of their liberal professors,” the authors write.

It seems unlikely all concerns will be alleviated. Daniel B. Klein, a professor of economics at George Mason University, has written a number of articles about the political leanings of faculty members, focusing on the relative dominance of liberal, pro-government views. He faulted the new report on several grounds. He said that the authors could have done more tracing why students move from one political category of identification to another, and that they likely would have found some correlation with the political leanings of professors.

But even if the new study shows that indoctrination is not a widespread problem, Klein said that the new analysis addresses only one issue. The authors may have “usefully refuted” the massive indoctrination idea in an “interesting” way, but fear of indoctrination is not the only reason some people worry about the lack of political balance on college faculties.

“Even if it were true that students totally took a Bart Simpson attitude toward their college professors and were completely uninfluenced by them, I still think it would be a tragedy that during those four years, they were not getting the good stuff,” Klein said. There is an “opportunity cost” when students graduate in four years and haven’t been exposed (or have only been exposed to negative ideas about) Adam Smith and Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman, Klein said. Too many students graduate with a “complete zero” in those and other people worth knowing, Klein said. So political leanings matter, he added, even without the assumption of indoctrination.

Scott Jaschik

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Comments

Who cares, indeed, Scott

In the abstract, education should be about caring.

In a real-world environment where there is NO incentive (and requirement) for high performance, where many are shielded from demands for solid performance by unionized civil service — caring is exactly the issue.

Why, in such an environment, one could have phony claims of ethnic heritage, repeated pedantic claims that Stalin was misunderstood, multiple layers of questionable bureaucracies, intellectual and artistic theft, exams that a memorizing 8th-grader could pass, lack of authentic accountability, PR before actual results, never an uplifting word about the working-class people subsidizing U.S. higher-ed, and .. ah, you know the rest ..

Who cares, indeed.

Russ, at 6:20 am EDT on March 27, 2008

Shifts in stance

This study is useful, but I think the more challenging and potentially more significant study has yet to be done: what happens to these students from freshman to senior years and then to alumni.

Research in moral reasoning, for instance, shows that students may change significantly over four years in their ability to conceptualize a problem as a moral issue, and may learn how to articulate the moral claims and make more mature (i.e., more consistent, more principled) decisions. However, the net gain is likely to plateau and even to be lost once students are out of higher education, unless they continue deliberately to work at growth.

Is something similar happening with political perspectives? That is, do students who graduate having moved from “far right” to “conservative” (two points of five on the HERI scale) stay “conservative,” or do they return, over time, to a “far right” position? Serious alumni follow-up is needed for an answer to this. HERI has done such surveys—what do they show?

RJS, at 6:50 am EDT on March 27, 2008

‘The student body is white and asian- who cares?’

Double standard, at 6:50 am EDT on March 27, 2008

I’m glad to see that students are not being indoctrinated; in fact, it’s probably insulting to think that students are so malleable.

However, there may be another problem here: the possiility that some instructors require students to endorse political opinions that they don’t agree with. For example, a number of students seem to feel that if they don’t espouse their instructors’ political opinions on their tests and papers, they will be penalized (whether they truly agree with these opinions or not). I’m reminded of the story of a student who was upset to be required to write and sign a letter to politicians supporting adoption among gay parents. Neither liberal nor conservative students should be required to endorse political positions they disagree with.

Author, No Sucker Left Behind, at 9:45 am EDT on March 27, 2008

“But the study — notably by one Republican professor and one Democratic professor — finds no evidence of indoctrination. Despite students being educated by liberal professors, their politics change only marginally in their undergraduate years”

This completely miscomprehends the nature of the concern. The concern is not that leftists are successful at politically indoctrinating students, but that they are sacrificing instruction in order to vent political frustrations before a captive audience. Faculty are hired to teach, not to conduct political tirades in class. Math class, for example, is no place to rant about how much anyone hates George Bush.

JBM, at 9:45 am EDT on March 27, 2008

Vast Left-Wing Academic Conspiracy

After the 2004 presidential election, the NY Times ran a very detailed demographic analysis of presidential elections over the previous several decades, slicing and dicing a variety of demographic categories.

By educational attainment, majorities in two demographic groups consistently voted for Democratic presidential candidates: people who had not completed high school and people with graduate degrees.

Majorities in two demographic groups consistently voted for Republican candidates: people with some college and people with bachelor’s degrees.

If Republicans want to win presidential elections, they need to encourage college attendance where students are “indoctrinated” by “liberal” professors.

If assessments are any guide, many of my students don’t pay sufficient attention to my course content, so I’m not surprised that they won’t pay much attention to a prof’s politics.

Thomas Lawrence Long, Professor of English at Thomas Nelson Community College, at 9:45 am EDT on March 27, 2008

Slight corrections

Scott Jaschik wrote that I said “that the authors could have done more tracing why students move from one political category of identification to another.”

In our phone conversation, I think I said the authors could have done more on HOW students move, not why they move.

In particular, I’d like to see the following:

1) Divide the institutions in quintuples by faculty political view. Put the five categories along the horizontal axis.

2) Then make a chart for each of the five ideology answers. Each chart is for freshman student political view. The first chart would be all those freshman who said they were Far Left. In that chart, then show how such students averaged four years later, by the quintuples along the horizontal axis. That would be a simple way to look at the data and see if Far Left students move more at schools with more/less Left faculty, etc.

3) Do the same for each of the other four political-view answers the freshmen chose from.

4) The result is five separate charts indicating whether faculty views matter. In each chart, draw a line connecting the five dots. If, for example, the line is upward sloping in all five charts, then that would be evidence that faculty views have a systematic effect.

Daniel Klein, Professor of Economics at George Mason University, at 9:45 am EDT on March 27, 2008

Hey Russ,

Sometimes you are so full of crap you can’t find your head. Get of your high horse and actually visit a college and find out something about what you pretend to know so much about.

Speaking as one of the great underpaid and overworked, please don’t speak about something with which you have no experience.

I and everybody I have ever met in a college union cares about students and the colleges at which we work. Many of us are alumni of the same colleges, and may have worked at more then one college during our careers. Most I know come in early and stay late, often working through lunch and take work home just the same as workers in the private sector.

We just do it for less pay and benefits.

The particular union I work for has been without a contract for five of the last six years. Noone has gotten a raise, COLA, or benefit increase.

Who is abusing who?

Rather than spitting bile on every blog you see based on your own prejudices while looking for evidence to support your preconceived ideas, I would suggest you use your education to keep an open mind, and take all the facts into account, not just those that make your self serving little corner of political crap a little higher and deeper.

And the last time I checked, noone from the labor movement elected you their spokesperson.

Unionized, Civil Servant, at 9:45 am EDT on March 27, 2008

Education is about more than caring it is about the creation and transfer of knowledge. With the academy devoid of any meaningful representation from outside the liberal orthodoxy one has to wonder where knowledge creation and transfer in marginalized areas (i.e. conservatism and libertarianism) will come from. For now it comes mainly from think tanks such as the American Enterprise Institute or the Cato Institute. The James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions at Princeton serves as a good model for how conservative, libertarian, free market, and limited government ideas can be examined, studied, probed, and developed on the modern American campus. Hopefully such programs can be created at many other colleges.

What is ultimately an appropriate goal of education is not to persuade students to identify with one particular ideology or to vote this way or that way but to build an understanding as to why they vote the way they do, why they adopt an ideology, and what lenses do they use to view and make sense of the world around them. Thomas Tritton admits in a recent article (March, 3) on InsideHigherEd that he had difficulty in finding serious texts from a rightward viewpoint to explore the concept of social justice for a class he taught on that subject at Harvard. That a former college president would have difficulty in just locating serious rightward texts regarding social justice let alone be able to provide a deep and multifaceted analysis of such perspectives highlights a serious blind spot in American higher education that has the ultimate outcome of students leaving our institutions without an authentic understanding of right-of-center perspectives and beliefs.

Brent, Knowledge, at 10:10 am EDT on March 27, 2008

Research models

A well respected scientist, Stephen Hawking, one wrote that a major difference between a scientist and the rest of us, is that when a scientist forms a hypothesis he/she immediately tries to disprove it—thus, rejecting the “null” hypothesis is the model. The rest of us try the “see, I told you so” model of giving evidence that supports our hypothesis.

fred flener, retired, at 12:10 pm EDT on March 27, 2008

Prove it

” .. We just do it for less pay and benefits ..”

—-

OMG! People are being forced to work for less pay and benefits! Someone help them, please!

A lot of people authentically know what unionized civil-service edjamacators do — how jejune their commitment is, how retromingent their attempts at rationalizing their salaries are. That’s why charters and vouchers are so popular.

Don’t like the working conditions? Then go. Quit. Get out. Leave. Get that “better job” that is always over the next hill. There are lots of qualified replacements.

Otherwise — just do the job without the politics and open complaining. Before the taxpayers privatize the work and true work output is revealed.

Russ, at 3:45 pm EDT on March 27, 2008

I can’t wait until higher education becomes a completely for-profit industry. Then we’ll really get to enjoy spectacles of mismanagement, malfeasance, and collapse, just as we do daily in other shining beacons of free enterprise. And then, of course, the captains of industry can nod sagely at government bail-outs, confident that it’s only in the interest of market equilibrium (and not anything so backward and absurd as the public good).

Benjamin, at 4:15 pm EDT on March 27, 2008

Maybe if college teachers made more money ...

... more of them would be Republicans and David Horowitz wouldn’t have to rant about liberal higher education so much. (NOTE: Yes, I think that’s as silly an idea as you do.)

I guess that Horowitz would no more be interested in the reasons a majority of college faculty favor liberal causes than he would be interested in knowing the differences between my own values and what I teach (I teach communication—a subject with which Mr. Horowitz likely approves). My religious beliefs (I’m Catholic) are stronger than my political beliefs (mostly moderate, sometimes liberal) ... Does that mean I’m ‘indoctrinating’ people about Catholicism (instead of teaching them about communication)? Does that mean I am unqualified to teach Presbyterians or Muslims? I don’t teach politics or religion. In much the same way, Horowitz writes—but that doesn’t make him a journalist.

David Horowitz isn’t about giving people (young or old) exposure to a wide range of facts, theories and ideas. He is dedicated to ‘conservative indoctrination.’ On college campuses, professionals expose students to that range of facts, theories and ideas—no matter who they voted for in the last election. Maybe it’s not that David Horowitz dislikes academics ... maybe he just can’t understand how the majority of us can do our jobs effectively by trying to be objective.

Thomas A. Lamonica, Instructor of Public Relations at Illinois State University, at 6:05 pm EDT on March 27, 2008

18-24 cohort

Would anyone like to speculate on why the general 18-24 cohort is so much more likely than either freshment or seniors in college to self-identify as far left? Is this a class effect, if you assume that going to college is a middle or upper class activity?

At the same time, why would the general cohort also include more people of far-right politics than either college freshmen or seniors? The general effect of college on personal politics seems to be to move students’ attitudes slightly to the left but it appears that the general cohort has more people at the extremes than college students. Is that an effect of college attendance or a selective effect of college admissions?

Jack Olson, at 6:05 pm EDT on March 27, 2008

Undergraduates and Diverse Ideas

To Brent of marginalized libertarianism. Sounds good for small business. How about multinational corporations? Would you also welcome marginalized libertarian socialism? Should students even know what that is?

To Russ: In your next life be born a campesino on an hacienda. Grow up just before NAFTA is being negotiated. Be grateful that neither you nor your working brothers and sisters en el Norte were invited in on the negotiations. When NAFTA tractors you off the land (as happened to the Okies in the Dust Bowl) don’t whine. Go seize that “better job,” albeit “illegally” across some border. Nobody is holding a gun to your head. It can be a good, disciplined, privatized job. But an idea propounded by libertarian socialism is that a citizen is a citizen whether consuming or producing, and has a voice in the terms and conditions of her or his work. Period. What if studies showed that direct democracy on the job is so productive that people would have to talk themselves out of working so much to avoid the over production that causes unsustainable consumption? Worth investigating. Falsifiable hypotheses abound, including the conservative one that says ONLY privatization can be productive.

On Conservatism: Two of my favorite American Founding Fathers is Ben Franklin and Frederick Douglass. Both espoused grit, determination, hard work, thrift, freedom and virtue. Many are the great Founding Mothers of this land too: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Margaret Fuller, Sojourner Truth and Harriet Jocobs.

Speaking of Truth, there is truth and value in a great many -isms, all things considered (oh, but they aren’t.) I’m wary of the limited liberal-conservative debate in society at large, and, if this article is true, the predominantly, merely “liberal” orientation of most college professors. It’s anemic.

Russ, sorry for the teasing. You may not even be a proponent of NAFTA. It’s just that my fellow Texan Jim Hightower once said that, for the reasons I give above, that treaty is NOT North American, it’s NOT Free, it’s NOT Trade, and it most certainly is NOT an Agreement. Notice that when NAFTA is mentioned it’s only because it MAY have adversely affected workers in Ohio (with reference to the 2008 election.) It is NEVER mentioned as a factor in the immigration debate, a good instance of liberal media bias, if you ask me.

Thatcher, at 6:05 pm EDT on March 27, 2008

why liberals are academics

Maybe more faculty are liberals because they aren’t in it for the money, which is what we’d expect more from conservatives, especially with American conservativism being so yoked to capitalism. By definition, liberals think the world can progress, and seemingly, one student at a time, we’re helping that to happen. That doesn’t mean I try to get conservative students to see things my way (and I doubt there are many faculty or classes where one must write to the teacher’s views to pass. I’ve never seen this documented over all the years this has been trotted out). I just hope students can see, understand and explain why they think the way they do on whatever we might be writing about.

The bigger concern for me is when are we going to start bemoaning the number of conservatives in the military? What’s wrong with the military that it doesn’t appeal to or espouse more moderate and liberal values? We gotta get that fixed or it will indoctrinate our youth, take away their ability to think for themselves. Boy, wouldn’t that make for a dangerous world.

bradley bleck, instructor at Spokane Falls CC, at 7:40 pm EDT on March 27, 2008

Re: why conservatives don’t become academics

I’m fairly conservative, and am studying for a Political Science PhD. I am the only person in my PoliSci classes to espouse a conservative viewpoint; if there are other conservatives, they’re smart enough to keep their heads down. The groupthink is overwhelming.

I have serious reservations about making a career in a place where my views of society are assumed to be backward as a matter of course.

An alternative is to go full-time into finance, my other occupation—not merely “because of the money,” (of which there isn’t much for me right now) but because the work I do in finance is just as meaningful to society as other, supposedly loftier professions. Conservatives by and large are not greedy; consider the large amount we give to charity. However, we are not actively prejudiced against commerce, as highly educated liberals often are.

Mastiff, Grad Student at somewhere in Virginia, at 8:35 pm EDT on March 27, 2008

“Retromingent?”

Wow! I had to look that one up...Urinating backwards....innerestin’-three observations-

1.) Maybe it’s just because I’ve been employed in relatively conservative states (such as Utah) but I’ve always been about the most left-wing person on the campus.

2.) “math teachers bashing Bush in class” I think most of these incidents are made up...I really do.

3.) I’m not sure how many faculty are actually unionized-state faculty in Illinois and Minnesota are. We sure aren’t in Utah and progressively -minded Wisconsin specifically prohibits state faculty from unionizing. I don’t think there’s that many. As for private colleges, I’m pretty sure the number is close to zero.

cheers,

I now feel compelled to use “retromingent” in daily conversation.

Utahprof, at 8:35 pm EDT on March 27, 2008

Misses the point

This article misses the point. Just because America’s youth successfully resist indoctrination (to the extent it occurs) does not mean that they leave college with an education. After all, listening to ranting Marxists & feminists for four years may be uninspiring, but it is also not especially worthwhile.

In short, the left-wing professoriate is simply wasting the time of our youth.

Dan King, at 8:45 pm EDT on March 27, 2008

Typical Liberal...

“with American conservativism being so yoked to capitalism.”

Got news for ya liberal yokel, without the great American capitalism which had fueled our unprecedent levels of prosperity, you wouldn’t have the funding to run your center of “higher” education and the steady stream of young people with the time and resources to attend class on gender and transgender studies instead of laboring for survival.

It always amuses me to hear people who “don’t work for the money” not realize that their ability to do so is entirely dependent on the system which they look down upon.

It explains why only in university is marxism\communism still considered worthy topics of instruction, while the real world has long ago cast these failed system onto the dust bin.

With all that brilliance located in academia, it would seem reasonable for them to logical view that the America system of capitalism\republicism has proven to be the best model ever developed, but no we still have a huge overpopulation of marxists who are still trying to promote this disaster.

LogicalSC, at 8:45 pm EDT on March 27, 2008

Same old song

On Mr. Horowitz and “indoctrination,” an inconvenient fact: he admits to being a “red-diaper baby” and SDS leader before the Black Panther Party convinced him otherwise. Guess how?

http://booktv.org/program.aspx?Pr...tionName=In%20Depth&PlayMedia=No

On monolithic politics, inconvenient fact of history: the Democrats controlled Congress for nearly 50 straight years in the 20th Century. Monolithic — nah. Just the way those lying calendar-makers have spun what 50 years feels like.

As to lib-burr-als in the military — congratulations on making Mr. Horowitz’s point on ideological diversity for him.

At the military academies (publicly-funded equivalents of the Ivies), well-known lib-burr-als are often invited to speak. And instead of this kind of reception —

http://youtube.com/watch?v=VAtUz7JM7TI

http://youtube.com/watch?v=VAtUz7JM7TI

the lib-burr-al speakers are treated with what used to be known as common decency. Instead of crude, boorish, and doltish imitations of the House of Commons.

Great job, making Mr. Horowitz’s point on ideological diversity for him. Good work!

Russ, at 9:30 pm EDT on March 27, 2008

Am I the only one who sees a problem with the way the data was collected, as self-assessment, rather than measured against some objective criteria?

If a student grew up in a conservative household, but were a bit more liberal than their parents, they may rate themselves as moderate or slightly liberal when they enter college. After spending 4 years exposed to predominately liberal professors, their views may have moved significantly to the left, but their frame of reference has also shifted to the left, so they perceive themselves still being moderate or only sligtly liberal.

Ignorance is Bliss, at 9:30 pm EDT on March 27, 2008

Charity

Mastiff,

The poet William Blake wrote, “Pity would be no more/ If we did not make somebody poor.”

LogicalSC,

So you don’t like marxism/communism. You didn’t say how you feel about libertarian socialism. Or progressive populism.

If big government = no good, then private contractors (namely military industries, but many others too) should make money in the free market and not work for the government, overcharging taxpayers while underpaying its employees (I’m now thinking of the Corrections industry) and stoking these negative needs.

We should privatize the fire department. I buy a subscription and the fire fighters put out the blaze if my house catches fire while my unsubscribed neighbor’s house goes up, even if it caught fire from my burning house.Such is the problem of externalities, as even Milton Friedman conceded.

Like it or not; we’re all in this together. Marx was right when he admitted that capitalism was the most productive, wealth-producing institution ever devised. He was right when he said non-capitalized countries like those in eastern Europe should NOT go communist. They needed to go through capitalism first. (He was big on dialectic, you know.) He was also vague on just what the capitalized countries should replace capitalism with. Many of his followers thought they knew, but were wrong to assume you need a vanguard party to impose communism on populations. No need to repeat that sad tale.

But what would you say, now that capitalism has given (some of) us so much, along with advanced technology, and a limited amount of democracy, to transforming its energies into something more democratic, more manageable, more socially responsible and environmentally sustainable? And without a vanguard party.

Thatcher, at 10:10 pm EDT on March 27, 2008

The old motto is “if a boy is not a communist at 20 — he has no heart. If he is not a conservative at 40 — he has no brain.”

I would think that the worldview of people should change. Do your results mean that they do not change or that the change is inhibited by faculty/university?

Dmitry, at 5:10 am EDT on March 28, 2008

Question about study

Are the categories used in the study based on responses to specific questions, or self-identification? If the latter, it’s worthless, because views that may have seemed “far left” when one starts college may seem “moderate” by the time one graduates after majoring in, say, Women’s Studies.

Another question is whether there is a substantial difference in political movements among students with different majors. Do the more “political” departments actually succeed to some degree in indoctrinating?

David Bernstein, at 5:10 am EDT on March 28, 2008

Manipulation?

I don’t think students are more manipulated than others. Everybody has the opportunity to inform himself.

sikantis, at 5:10 am EDT on March 28, 2008

Study design faulty

If I grew up in a small farm community and my parents made $40,000 a year, I might regard our family income as average.

But after four years interacting with others at Columbia and living in NYC , I might regard my family as poor.

So with this study. After four years of exposure to a liberal leaning faculty the students idea of where the middle is might change leftwards. Thus he himself might shift left, but regard himself as being on about the same spot on the scale.

John, at 5:10 am EDT on March 28, 2008

Thatcher,

I’ll simply note that Blake to the contrary, there is no need to “make” anyone poor. Poverty is the natural resting state of a person. If you doubt me, here’s an experiment: do nothing productive for the next decade. You will soon find yourself in poverty.

On the other hand, it is surprisingly easy to accumulate material wealth over time—simply earn any sum, and spend less than you earn.

Mastiff, Grad Student at somewhere in Virginia, at 5:10 am EDT on March 28, 2008

as a professor and a father,

I care. I would prefer that my children (and students in general) be taught by people who are capable of thinking rather than mindlessly spewing leftie beliefs.

I take great care to ensure that my students have no idea what my politics are; I consider that to be the bare minimum of bringing professionalism to the job.

RJ, at 5:10 am EDT on March 28, 2008

Ever heard of volunteers?

” .. We should privatize the fire department ..”

First — what about volunteer fire departments? And volunteer reserve police officers?

Second — there are constitutional mandates for “the common defense (e.g., military).”

Where’s the constitutional mandate for unionized higher-ed teachers? If that were the case — wouldn’t there be fewer private colleges. like in K-12?

Russ, at 6:40 am EDT on March 28, 2008

R.J., Mastiff

R.J. Takes all kinds. Some teach better being apolitical in the classroom. I myself was more inspired by political teachers. I had “conservative,” “liberal,” and (thank goodness) “radical” teachers who threw the conservative/liberal debate into a whole new light for me. The apolitical ones I experienced as boring.

Mastif: Your remark makes perfect sense—in a vacuum. I’ve already offered the example of NAFTA in this thread. Consider also the 10,000 or so farmer suicides in India since about the late 1980s (see Vandana Shiva for the full analysis). They were not in a “natural resting state” but collectively managing their own farms and doing just fine. Mansanto and other multinational corporations moved in, influenced local governments and banking practices in order to force new, non-reproducing seeds on the farmers. It threw the farmers into a market competition against each other. Next thing you know, the farmers were working themselves to death and becoming not only poor, but going into debt. The seeds, moreover, were engineered to grow crops susceptible to pests, so the farmers must go farther into debt purchasing pesticides from Mansanto, et. al. Meanwhile, executives and stockholders at Mansanto, et. al. are getting rich thinking only in terms of how hard they’re working to organize all this and wondering why the whole world doesn’t adopt their similarly conservative values on how to be prosperous.

One farmer I heard of asked his lifelong friend for an extension on his loan. His friend, himself so corrupted by the profit motive, said, “Sure, I’ll take your wife instead.” The farmer, unable to stand that violence to his wife and himself drank the pesticide in protest.

So you see, Mastiff. This and countless other examples attest to Capitalism’s NEED to make somebody poor. I’m afraid the “objectivist” take is ahistorical and apolitical. It is not reason. Logical notions lifted out of historical context, I’m afraid, can serve that larger, social ego defense known as Rationalization. Take comfort. It’s not exclusive to a “conservative” mind set. All persuasions are susceptible to rationalization. That’s why we all need each other. You have eyes for things I can’t see. Read Vandana Shiva’s account. Read opposing accounts. Tell me what I’m missing here.

Respectfully submitted.

Thatcher, at 7:35 am EDT on March 28, 2008

That shift is huge

The claim is, the shift is small. But if you shifted the normal curve of performance on an intelligence test that much, you’d be very excited. You tripled the leftmost tail and moved the mean by a sizeable fraction of a sigma. More prosaicly, if you think everybody to the left of mean votes dem and everybody to the right votes Repub, it shifted from 51.2-48.8 incoming (in favor of Repubs) to 45.9-54.1 Seniors (in favor of Dems). (And presumably, that shift reflects only 3 years of education out of the 4 they get.)The background population is demographically different and thus not really comparable, but a first guess might be that, absent indoctrination, you’d expect College to take the students *further* from the background (that is, move them more to the right). The background population is presumably on average stupider and poorer; the students with education should get smarter and the present value of their capital (including intellectual) increases.

Eric Baum, PhD, at 7:45 am EDT on March 28, 2008

Data disconnect

While the findings very much comport with my own experiences as both a student and a professor, the data reported in the table are very much at odds.

The changes here strike me as more than “slight shifts.” The number of students self-identifying as “far left” more than doubles while the “far right” cohort drops nearly a third. There’s a ten percent drop in conservatives and a 25 percent jump in liberals. That’s hardly insignificant.

JamesOTB, Managing Editor at The Atlantic Council of the United States, at 8:20 am EDT on March 28, 2008

What really matters

Student loans. That have to be paid back (a.k.a., discipline).

If a mean-average $20,000 in student loans per graduate isn’t a wake-up call — what is? (And let’s not talk about 45% of freshmen who do not graduate within six years.)

Any way, for most students, the narrow-minded arm-flappers in the front of the room are mere punch-holes in the ticket of life.

No ticket — no entry to the bureaucracy of adult life. So, unless “Bush is an idiot” is going to be on the exam — let’s move it along, please. (And if it is — Mr. Horowitz, Sean Hannity, and Bill O’Reilly will take your call!)

Well, Scott — who cares? Hmm .. this site just posited that question at the doctoral level —

http://preview.tinyurl.com/22p3uy

Buzz, at 8:45 am EDT on March 28, 2008

That isn’t a slight shift

That’s a nearly 8% increase in the combined leftist/liberal columns. Calling this a “slight” or “minimal” increase is spin. Only a brainwashing leftist would think it “slight” or “minimal".

Steve T, at 8:50 am EDT on March 28, 2008

But there is the rub...

which is that socialist, marxist and communist always evolve into a vanguard party. It wasn’t simply a characteristic of the Soviet Union, it is the critical element of the entire philosophy and why is it doomed to failure. Human nature makes it a certainy and you don’t even have to take my word for it. Simply look at every experiment, from the Soviets, to North Korea, and Vietnam right on down now to the European experiment in healthcare, failures all.

By taking the capitalism out of model, they are finding the envitable results, reduced new development, reduction in providers and services which leads to rationing of available services. Along with the rationing comes the additional usual steps of dictating to the people which lifestyle choices and products are approved and which are not. Sooner or later the “vanguard party” dictates what is acceptable or socially responsible whether or not it comports to the individual’s wants or desire.

Capitalism does not have this feature. More competition is the key not less.

LogicalSC, at 10:10 am EDT on March 28, 2008

GIGO

I’d like to know how the five categories were defined. If this is another example of self identification then the data is totally worthless. A vast majority of people consider their own views to be moderate and reasonable. If the moderates in the survey were self identified then they could all be Baptists as freshmen and Marxists as seniors. Unless there is a rigid definition of views that define each category the whole exercise is simply playing with numbers and about as useful as determining how many angels can dance on a pinhead.

Educators use statistics like drunks use lampposts, more for support than illumination.

Ken Hahn, at 2:10 pm EDT on March 28, 2008

Care. Please.

In another life, I investigated cops. Some were great. Most average, needing monitoring. A few dirty, requiring discipline.

Whenever you see a group of taxpayer-supported workers think themselves entitled to no public review and above public criticism ("we’re doing it for [kids, patients, public, the puppies]” — start caring. A lot. Because that is when monitoring is most-needed. Just ask Eliot Spitzer, Jim McGreevey, Kwame Kilpatrick, et al.

Joe F., at 7:30 am EDT on March 29, 2008

Logical SC

I agree. But can you not see that capitalism is itself an elaborate rationalization for its own kind of vanguardism, complete with all the features you describe? (See my NAFTA and farmer suicides exs. above, just to scratch the surface.)For those capitalism favors, it seems to work wonderfully. For those necessarily excluded, it leads to vulnerability and excites the predatory instincts, leading to oppression and ultimately to capitalist dictatorships of the kinds that corporations love because they so often create “favorable business climates.” The literature available on this is extensive. Students ought to know as much about it as they ought to know about the crimes of Communism.

The “Communist” systems will speak of trade-offs: “At least we have universal health care, full employment, cradle-to-grave security.” The “Capitalist” systems will say it is more productive to forego those things. In either case, however, there is a professional managerial class used as overseers (that’s Anglo for the Latinate “supervisors.")

We might therefore conclude that humans, no matter what economic mode of production theyconcoct, need hierarchical, oppressive systems. My point is that higher education does not let students jump to conclusions. It leaves such questions open. Indoctrination, no; investigation, yes. One side fears that educators who invite students to investigate the amazing and wonderful feats of capitalism are indoctrinating students toward rightwing dictatorship. Another side panics at the prospect of inviting students to investigate capitalism’s dark side, fearing this will result in a mindless lurch toward Left wing dicatorship.

What about inquiring also into the concept of libertarian socialism (defined as maximizing individual freedom through, for one thing, self-mangagement on the job),socialism defined as socially responsible economics?

Can the impasse between individual freedom and social equality be solved? What the Right fears is that, yes, society may have to give up its own version of a vanguard, namely, the super rich who own and control a disproportiante amount of means, who hire managers to overseetheir “plantations,” thereby depriving the rest of the population control over both its individual freedoms and its sense of solidarity. Maybe it is now humanly possible to have freedom, innovation, AND health care, full employment and cradle-to-grave security for all (not just a “vanguard"), achieved through a purer form of democracy than we ever thought possible. The stale “liberal-conservative” debate will never break out of its own impasse, which is why it’s of no great significance whether the data in the article shows no movement or some movement toward one side or the other. It’s not innovation; it’s thinking trapped inside a certain, proverbial box.

Thatcher, at 10:25 am EDT on March 29, 2008

Entering university in the early 1970s, I had an assortment of instructors from your garden-vareity Communist to your London School of Economics grads who engineered the postwar British boom in poverty. I wrote some of them off as idiots, not the first I met nor the last I was to meet.

Dennis Ruhl, at 5:45 pm EDT on March 30, 2008

Professors/Faculty

As a conservative 17-yr-old headed off to college on my first day in my first political science class, the prof (overseeing 200 of us in a large circular auditorium) wanted those who were pro-life to raise our hands. Just 3 of us did...and got booed. The professor made some snide comment about “educating” us on the world. This was in 1981. I recall conservative speakers not often being invited to campus. When they were, faculty protested right along students. Conservative speakers (few and far between) were booed so we couldn’t hear them speak. Talk about “tolerance” and “diversity” and “inclusion” being buzz words. I have lived thru a liberal college education and this was in the heartland, not a large city. My guess is the authors of the study went in jaded; they got the results they wanted. They are perhaps no different than the typical SAD mass media of today....biased and with an agenda. We have dumbed down public education in this country and we will, as a workforce, SUFFER.

Nonny, at 1:50 pm EDT on April 2, 2008

Agendas

Nonny,Conservatives aren’t biased and don’t have an agenda? “Pro-life” is not an agenda?

I regret that you were booed for you views. I suppose the professor thought he was a radio talk show host who was going to “Hannitize” you into being a ditto head, or something.

All God’s children got an agenda. That’s the whole point. We’re political animals. Democracy is everybody coming together with biases and agendas. I agree that it’s better to do so in a spirit of respectful disagreement.

In my view, the faction that claims not to be biased and not to have an agenda is always the faction most in power. The appeal to neutrality and objectivity would, by default, leave the status quo in place. True, there are pockets of resistance to the status quo concentrated more or less in the Humanities in academia (only a mild “liberal” resistance, it seems to me.) But the big corporations and financial institutions and the local, state, and federal governments and “liberal-to-conservative” media are wholly owned subsidiaries of those interlocking institutions—the status quo. It’s not the feudal manor anymore; it’s corporations. They have a bias in the way they look at the world and an agenda which is often, arguably, to profit at the expense of the rest of society in myriad ways.

Thatcher, at 9:40 pm EDT on April 2, 2008

Revelations

As a former student of a state college, a university, a private graduate school, and some community college, I offer my observation that I do not recall any indoctrination or bias from instructors, unless being encouraged to consider both sides of an issue constituted bias.

What I DO recall from almost every job I’ve ever had is the sneering contempt that many business persons hold for teachers and educational personnel (K-12 and higher education alike). For all the rhetoric of how important education is, businesses and the private sector seem loathe to pay for it.

However, having seen the dismal results of privatized, skill-based ‘classes’ that many businesses offer to their workers, I question the sanity of any ROI argument that would favor privatized vocationalism over a progressive liberal-arts education. **Please note: ‘liberal’ in the original sense of the word, not the chummy grenade it’s been turned into by polemical commentators.

Every other developed country in the world gets it when it comes to education. I fear that all we’re going to get — if the postings here and elsewhere are any indication — is shrill, pointless keening as our ability to compete is eroded past the point of recovery.

Kerry, at 10:45 am EDT on May 17, 2008

Significance missed?

I’d say a six percent difference in polticial identification between entering students and seniors is fairly significant. Admittedly the real key would be to study a population over 4 years and in a broad spectrum of institutions.

However, having worked in higher ed for over a decade I can personally attest to a couple of things, albeit anecdotal evidence but real experience, nonetheless:

- Many faculty memebers are not directly political. I have worked with a number of faculty members who while having strong political beliefs work at providing some objectivity in their classes.

- There are a number of faculty members who are openly political and whose biases detract from the classroom experience. I’ve witnessed this up close and personal as well as hearing about incidents from others. These faculty have convinced themselves that their political viewpoint has somehow become the “objective” viewpoint. They rarely tolerate allowing dissenting viewpoints to go unanswered, though they occasionally solicit them in order to offer the impression that dissent is acceptable. However, in my experience, these same faculty members allow ideas and comments favorable to their political viewpoint to pass by unchallenged. Usually, the students in the classroom modify their responses to avoid conflict. Sometimes the viewpoints are cultural or religious, rather than directly political.

- Many faculty fall in-between these positions.

The overall tenor of the few campuses I’ve been on has been overwhelmingly liberal, even though two of them have been in predominantly conservative areas. Higher ed needs more ideological balance on campuses to provide space for students to not only hear different viewpoints but to develop their own ideas about the subjects they encounter. The limited research discussed here demonstrates that students, more often than not, do not have that space.

In addition, it is readily apparent that institutions have developed a cultural hiring bias against conservatives and even moderates, whether unintentional or not.

Hello, at 11:30 am EDT on September 24, 2008

Noramlly, I’d ignore this sort of thing...

...especially given that the thread is not one about economic systems, but Thatcher writes:

“So you see, Mastiff. This and countless other examples attest to Capitalism’s NEED to make somebody poor.”

As opposed to the countless examples of how collectivism and statism have actually MADE countless numbers of people poor or distraught by taking their livelihood and pressing it into the ownership of the state. Whether that is the need of collectivism and statism, is certainly debatable, in so much as economic and political ideologies themselves have “needs.”

This sort of thing plays both ways, you see. Cherry-picking examples only raises your blood pressure. It hardly proves anything.

Hello, at 11:37 am EDT on September 24, 2008

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