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A Bridge Less Traveled

Adam Smith would be proud.

In their efforts to promote new postdoctoral business programs for non-business majors, universities haven’t been bashful about suggesting that faculty should act in their own self-interest. Making $50,000 a year teaching in a psychology department? Why not spend two months at Virginia Tech and double your salary?

Such are the promises of five newly minted “Post-Doctoral Bridge to Business Programs,” which provide intensive instruction in areas like marketing and finance to instructors who have already completed Ph.D.’s in other fields. The aim of these programs is to equip faculty members with a background in business research techniques to help transition them into business schools, which are struggling to fill tenure-track vacancies.

The pitch at Virginia Tech, which graduated its first class of “bridge to business” students this month, was enough to persuade Matt Hettche to change his career path. Hettche holds a doctorate in philosophy, but he’s been daunted by the notoriously crowded job market in his field. When he read about Virginia Tech’s program in one of the university’s magazines, Hettche thought it sounded like a smart — albeit risky — next step.

“The job market in philosophy is pretty tight, so it’s not unrealistic to say that for every one position that’s advertised, as many as 450 applications come in,” said Hettche, who just graduated from Virginia Tech’s program. “I’m reading there are vacancies in business schools; they can’t fill the jobs they have.”

Hettche, 37, has spent the last several years as a visiting assistant professor at Auburn University. With his new business credentials in hand, however, Hettche is heading to — go figure — Virginia Tech, where he will teach marketing. The position is still not tenure track, but Hettche feels the likelihood of scoring such a coveted post is much greater in the business field than philosophy.

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AACSB International

There’s still some of the old philosopher left in Hettche, even as he moves into a new discipline. Asked about the transition, Hettche grew reflective.

“You have to give up part of what you thought you were,” he said. “That’s hard to re-invent yourself, but it’s exciting, too. It’s existential. You are what you make of your life.”

Can Quality Be Maintained?

It’s not uncommon for business schools to host faculty from other disciplines, including economics and sociology. But the “bridges” programs aim to formalize that process. In addition to Virginia Tech, the programs are now offered at the University of Florida, the University of Toledo, Tulane University and one French institution, Grenoble Ecole de Management.

The bridges programs have the endorsement of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International, which accredits business schools worldwide, including those participating in the new program. The association backed the programs in part because of concerns about the dearth of Ph.D.’s being awarded in business, coupled with the large number of faculty members retiring from business schools.

There are currently about 1,000 job openings for Ph.D.-holding faculty at accredited business schools, and that number is projected to jump to 2,400 by 2012, according to association officials.

The bridge programs began in large part this summer, and have thus far enrolled approximately 50 people. The Virginia Tech program, which graduated nine people in its inaugural class, received about 150 inquiries about “bridges” last year, according to university officials.

The programs, which cost an average of $28,000, require varied time commitments. Tulane’s program stretches over the course of the year, for instance, while Toledo’s program is a little more than seven weeks long. Graduates leave with the designation of “academically qualified” or “AQ,” which program organizers say will make them eligible for faculty positions in business disciplines.

Dan LeClair, who works with the business school association, said the accrediting body is confident in the quality of the programs, adding that it is standard to allow universities to deliver curriculums as they deem fit.

“We don’t often tell schools how to do things. We’re more interested in the outcomes,” said LeClair, the association’s vice president and chief knowledge officer.

John Trapani, who has helped organize the program at Tulane, said the university decided to extend its program for a full year to ensure that students had adequate time to complete readings and delve into research. He acknowledged obvious concerns that “bridges” graduates could potentially be viewed as second-tier faculty, and said Tulane is guarding against that.

“I think some people might view it as a short cut to a Ph.D. in business, but our program is not that way,” he said.

One of Tulane’s new students is Sonja Martin Poole, an assistant professor at the University of San Francisco. Poole, whose background is in education, says she was attracted to the program because she wanted to further her research on school choice, examining issues like charter schools through a marketing lens.

“It seemed like a really good fit for me,” said Poole, 38.

When Poole first learned of the program — via a random Google search — she was a postdoctoral scholar at the University of California at Berkeley’s graduate school of education. Poole’s appointment at Berkeley was slated to end in October, and she was looking for other options.

While the Tulane program sounded like a good move for Poole, it came with a hefty $40,00 price tag. So Poole got creative, applying for a position at the University of San Francisco — and simultaneously requesting that they foot the bill for Tulane.

“I thought it was a crazy idea, but worth trying,” she said.

San Francisco agreed to offer her a three-year termed faculty appointment in marketing, and covered her tuition and travel expenses for Tulane.

Victor Cook, faculty director for Tulane’s bridges program, said Poole’s story now has a familiar ring to it. University officials initially thought they’d be targeting “rookies” who were new in their fields and wanted to double their salaries. Instead, it’s been far more common for deans and department heads to recommend relatively seasoned faculty to the program and agree to pay their way, Cook said.

“Some of these people look like they should be Nobel Prize winners,” Cook said of recently admitted students.

Jack Stripling

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Comments

Sorry, doesnt’ fly here

I looked over the link with the brochures on these programs. Come on, do you think 2 months is enough to learn a field? That’s just insulting, as if business professors spent their years in graduate school learning to read Powerpoint slides instead of learning something substantial. Most have an MBA before getting a Ph.D. Someone from these programs wouldn’t make our first screen.

Want to know what would help? Publishing in the journals that have credibility in the departments to which you’re applying. If you had serious publications, you’d be a serious candidate. We’d notice the strength first and maybe debate how we would integrate you if you come from a different field. If you also had some real business experience in addition to some credible publications in business-related fields, it would hardly be an issue. The last thing you need is more classroom theoretical conceptualizing about what this thing called business is, as if you could add it like an option on a car.

And beware this constant drumbeat about faculty shortages. There are shortages in accounting and finance, but not in other areas of business. In accounting, there’s a shortage because no one who is intellectual really wants to teach and research accounting anyway, and if you aren’t intellectual, you can make more money doing accounting than being a professor in it. In finance, there’s a shortage because everyone in it cares about money and if you really know it, you can make 5-100 times as much money and be more on the cutting edge by just going to Wall Street. That’s what switching physicists do. Otherwise, the shortage is just like the reported shortages that never materialize or when they do get filled by adjuncts in math, history, ...

Still A. Snob, at 8:10 am EDT on August 8, 2008

Passable — at early levels

As a former corporate executive and late-life academic, I can see these folks lecturing to beginning A.B. and BBA students. And the students with business experience not listening.

Why? Well, can someone who never experienced the challenge of writing novels and never reviewed the pedagogy of teaching writing, can they successfully teach novel writing?

I doubt it. That’s not “keeping it real,” IMO. “Lure” is a good way of putting this.

F.A.S., at 8:40 am EDT on August 8, 2008

Do your homework …

Still A. Snob makes a good point on the faculty shortage issue, though in the process over simplifies the problem. It is true there is a lot variation in shortages by areas of business. While shortages are most severe in Accounting and Finance, they’re not limited to these areas.

Snob also makes a good point about the importance of serious publications: “We’d notice (that) strength first and maybe debate how we would integrate you if you come from a different field.” But Snob failed to notice that the Tulane program requires a publication supervised by a committee of senior faculty and defended before graduation. In addition, the Tulane program is a full 12 months beginning with an intensive summer introduction to business research and teaching, followed by four 36-hour seminars in one of three specialties spread over the 9 month academic year. These on-campus seminars are the equivalent of those delivered to residential students and most are taught by the same faculty.

Finally, Snob missed the mark on the background of b-school faculty. While he (or she) says that most have an MBA, that’s simply not true – at least not in the leading business schools. Take the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University for example. In 2006, Kellogg hired 16 new assistant professors. Of these, only four had a PhD in business. Eight of them had PhDs in Economics and the other four had PhDs in psychology or another social science discipline. It’s not likely these folks had any business experience — or an MBA for that matter. And you can bet they spent a lot of their time “conceptualizing about what this thing called business is …” That’s one of the fundamental challenges in business education. By the way, what else do “switching physicists” know about business that justifies their Wall Street salaries?

Victor J. Cook, Jr, Freeman Professor of Doctoral Studies and Research, at 12:30 pm EDT on August 8, 2008

Clarification

Prof. Cook is right that business schools hire economists — especially those who have business-oriented dissertation topics (e.g., economics of the firm, game theory) — without business experience or MBAs. We’d have to collect some more concrete statistics to what proportion of faculty actually have MBAs. Many business doctoral programs (e.g., Chicago) give MBAs along the way, many value students with MBAs and business experience. But a business Ph.D. or a business economics Ph.D> is far cry from a philosophy student.

Plus, how and why would I know to chekc Tulane’s policy?

Still A. Snob, at 2:30 pm EDT on August 8, 2008

Authentic bridges

” .. By the way, what else do “switching physicists” know about business that justifies their Wall Street salaries?”

Because, for reasons unknown to moi, there are authentic bridges between finance, “financial engineering,” engineering, and physics? Because all those fields require high-level analytic rigor in senior-level calculus that one does not get in philosophy, English, education, sociology, and other soft-side domains?

Also: many of the big-name PhD programs (e.g., Harvard) require the first PhD year to run parallel with the first-year MBA program. Not fun. Not endless arguments about nothingness. Professional rigor required.

Put another way: would you want someone with poor math skills to be handling accounts at Fannie Mae? (Oh. They are? Sorry.)

Finally: this has been done in English/health care. Someone gets a PhD in English and can’t find a decent job. They go back for one year, get an associates in nursing and join the professional nursing faculty at Podunk U.

F.A.S., at 4:05 pm EDT on August 8, 2008

How would I know?

My apologies to Still A. Snob. Checking the brochures does not provide enough information about Tulane’s Bridge program policies, admission requirements, seminars and faculty to know how it really works. But you can find this information on our web site at http://aacsbpostdoc.tulane.edu.

Victor J. Cook, Jr., Freeman Professor of Doctoral Studies and Research at Tulane University, at 5:30 pm EDT on August 8, 2008

How Does One Get Into These Programs?

I hold an MBA and am presently completing my PhD in Education. I have been trying to break into teaching in higher education. I would love a position that is non-tenure track. If I understand correctly, this program is to educate faculty from other disciplines in the business discipline. What about those of us who hold business degrees? Your comments are welcomed.

Thank you,

Gwendolyn Glee

Gwendolyn, CEO at Glee Consulting Group, LLC, at 10:30 pm EDT on August 8, 2008

“Bridge” support

To Still A. Snob and others who may have initial misgivings about the “Bridge to Business” program, I would encourage you to find out more about it before passing judgment on its value. I am a student in the program at Tulane and it is hardly lightweight. Please remember those of us who are enrolled already have a Ph.D. in another discipline, and of the 18 of us in the current cohort at Tulane, only one of us is a new Ph.D. graduate — the rest of us have been faculty and some of us subsequently administrators, many of us for a number of years. Our degrees are from such places as Emory, the Univ of FL, UC Berkley, the Wharton School, MIT, etc. Many of us have had years of consulting or other work experience in the field, including places such as the World Bank, CDC, stock brokerage and engineering firms, etc. We are interested in the program for a number of reasons, not simply to try to make more money from teaching. For example, many of us have learned that our work crosses over disciplinary lines and we want to learn more about those other areas, and others of us have come to a place in our own professional development where we would like to pursue other lines of inquiry and practice as an expansion of what we are currently doing. For instance, I would like to work more in the area of economic development and the interface of business and higher education, which is an outgrowth of my discipline (sociology) and my administrative experience in the university system. I am finding this program to be of value to me both personally and professionally, with high caliber colleagues and faculty. I would ask that you be more careful in your assumptions and accusations. Thanks!Sandra S. Stone, Ph.D., Interim Director, Applied Research Center, Southern Polytechnic State University

Sandra Stone, Interim Director at Southern Polytechnic State University, at 9:20 pm EDT on August 9, 2008

More “Authentic Bridges”

Thanks to F.A.S. for coining the phrase “authentic bridge.” It turns out there are a lot more of them then the one between Physics and Finance.

One of the first things we did when developing Tulane’s program was to shop our ideas around the academic departments of the University. We discovered a lot more “authentic bridges.” Here are a few of the other PhDs (>) their bridge disciplines and (>) the b-school specialty to which they might lead:

Anthropology > Marketing > Economic Development

Art History > Marketing > Museum Management

Engineering > Finance > Financial Engineering

Human Genetics > Finance > Biotechnology Management

Philosophy> Organizational Behavior > Business Ethics

Sociology > Organizational Behavior > Leadership

These examples suggest an important conclusion: an “authentic bridge” is one that expands our understanding of the related business function.

Victor J. Cook, Jr., Freeman Professor of Doctoral Studies and Research at Tulane University, at 4:26 pm EDT on August 10, 2008

Keepin’ it real

” .. Many of us have had years of consulting or other work experience in the field, including places such as the World Bank, CDC, stock brokerage and engineering firms, etc. “

Then wouldn’t they be “professionally-qualified” as business faculty under AACSB guidelines?

http://www.aacsb.edu/accreditation/business/std_faq1.asp

Which renders this debate — well, kind of moot?

For that matter — there are plenty of science and other PhDs who have graduated from the top-tier MBA programs (e.g., Harvard, Stanford, Northwestern, Michigan, Chicago). That would also result in the same outcome outlined by AACSB, IMHO.

At bottom: does one have an authentic passion for the field? Or merely an authentic interest in academe? IMHO, the students figure that out in a few days — “they keeps it real (Chappelle, 2003).”

F.A.S., at 4:25 pm EDT on August 10, 2008

students should be insulted

as a business major, some tart who who couldn’t make it as a real professor, and now has a PhD insome quasibull like psych or social work Is going to teach me business quantitative methods? not for my $50 grand a year. If I pay for the education,, I expect quality. Unless I go to u of phoenix, where it isn’t clear what I expect.

jon Steiner, at 5:00 am EDT on August 11, 2008

Business School PhD Shortage

Like Still A Snob, I have some doubts as to the extent of the faculty shortage, if at all, in business schools. As far as I can tell, most of the schools from the top down to the mid-range programs (the top 300 or so business schools) still seem to be recruiting from b-school doctoral programs and from within the discipline. Perhaps the brunt of the shortage is being felt by institutions that are primarily geared towards non-traditional students. Yes, there is a growing cohort of adjuncts but one sees that in every field, not just business. I do not see a trend towards bringing in faculty from other disciplines to teach business courses nor do I see many full-time faculty positions going to candidates that do not have a PhD. My guess is that there would be a lot of resistance from faculty should a school significantly alter its selection criteria for faculty members. I would certainly be interested in the impressions and observations of others.

James, at 5:00 am EDT on August 11, 2008

A little more homework

The answer to the first question F.A.S. asks is, in a word, “yes.” But, there’s a world of subtle — and important — differences between “Professionally Qualified” and “Academically Qualified” under the rules of the AACSB.The bottom line? Professionally Qualified faculty are not eligible for tenure. And a faculty member’s “roots” have very little to do with the tenure decision. Maybe F.A.S. should do a little more homework before declaring a point to be moot.

Victor J. Cook, Jr., Freeman Professor of Doctoral Studies and Research at Tulane University, at 5:00 am EDT on August 11, 2008

Tenured — for risk-taking?

So tenure is the goal?

IMO — how can a field that relies so heavily on risk-taking, be taught by those who cannot be held immediately accountable?

The professionals in the field LOL. Their tenure is as good as their next customer evaluation, their next financial report, their next production cycle.

F.A.S., at 7:55 pm EDT on August 11, 2008

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