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The Senate Sheds Education Aid

February 7, 2009

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Hope you haven't spent that stimulus money yet.

A compromise amendment worked out by moderate Democrats and Republicans in the U.S. Senate late Friday slashed billions of dollars that would have flowed to colleges and universities in the Senate's original version, with the biggest cuts coming in education aid to states and funds to modernize college facilities.

To the relief of advocates for students, the compromise legislation sustained $13.9 billion to increase the maximum Pell Grant for needy students, which budget cutters had eyed. College and student lobbyists had worked aggressively late last week as various drafts of the compromise amendment emerged showing Pell funds in and out of the plan, but when Sens. Ben Nelson (D-Neb.) and Susan Collins (R-Maine) revealed the final plan's contents late Friday evening, Pell was in.

The one area important to higher education that seemed to benefit from the changes was biomedical research. The Senate compromise would provide $10 billion in new funds to the National Institutes of Health, mostly for scientific studies.

Senate leaders worked closely with the White House to craft the new version of the stimulus bill, which cut more than $100 billion out of a package that, when introduced in the Senate late last month, originally stood at close to $900 billion, significantly more than the $819 billion version passed by the House. With Democrats in the Senate lacking enough votes to ensure passage, and watching poll numbers suggesting that Republican attacks on the "spendulus" package filled with funds that wouldn't stimulate the economy were taking hold with the American public, the small group of moderates sought to cut it back.

Among the biggest changes for higher education is the outright elimination of a $3.5 billion "higher education facilities modernization fund" designed to be divided among states to finance renovations of "shovel ready" campus buildings (the House bill contains $6 billion for such a fund). College officials, anticipating the injection of funds, have been dusting off proposals for facilities that have gone wanting because their states couldn't finance them or they couldn't raise outside money for them.

The Senate version would also provide significantly less money to states that have been counting on the stimulus package to help them backfill budget gaps for education programs. The original Senate legislation, like the House version, would have created a $39 billion "stabilization" fund designed to be distributed to states to keep their higher education and K-12 budgets at their 2008 levels, as well as $25 billion in additional money for states to use to sustain crucial public services, including education.

Under the revised Senate version, the stabilization fund would be cut by a third, to $26.7 billion, and the additional $25 billion pool would shrink to $9.6 billion.

This is likely to be a major issue in states such as Missouri, where Gov. Jay Nixon's agreement with university leaders to keep higher education whole in the 2010 budget, in exchange for freezing tuition, depends on the federal stimulus funds to make it work.

Several other pots of research money were also stripped from or reduced in the Senate compromise.

The cuts in education-related programs were admittedly difficult for some of those directly involved in the negotiations. "It's a painful area for all of us, as Democrats, to make these cuts in education assistance," said Sen. Richard J. Durbin, the Illinois Democrat who is assistant majority leader in the Senate.

Whether they have gone too far in their trimming, especially in areas such as education, may depend in large part on the reaction of House Democrats, who passed their version of the legislation without any Republican support and reacted coolly to the revised Senate plan. The Senate is scheduled to vote on the stimulus bill tomorrow , and lawmakers from the House and Senate (almost certainly with the close involvement of the Obama administration) will then try to hammer out differences between the bills to come up with a version of the measure that can pass both houses and win the president's signature.

A chart comparing the House and Senate versions, as modified, is below. The chart is based on a summary of the Senate compromise released late Friday that specifically notes that it does not contain all programs that would be funded by the bill, and on reports from higher education officials tracking the legislation. So what's below is subject to change as more details become available:

The Stimulus and Higher Education

  House Senate
Aid for Students    
Pell Grants $15.6 billion to increase maximum grant by $500 and eliminate shortfall $13.9 billion to increase maximum grant and close shortfall
College Work Study $490 million Not included
Perkins Loans Not included $61 million for capital contributions
Loan Limits Increase limit on unsubsidized loans by $2,000 Not included
Higher Education Tax Credit Temporarily replace Hope tax credit with $2,500 credit available for four years of college. Credit phases out for individuals with income of $80,000, $160,000 for couples. Credit is 40 percent refundable. Cost: $13.7 billion over 10 years Temporarily replace Hope tax credit with $2,500 credit
available for four years of college. Credit phases out for individuals with
income of $80,000, $160,000 for couples. Credit is 30 percent refundable. Cost: $12.9 billion over 10 years
529 savings plans Not included Allow computers to count as qualified expenses under 529 savings plans
Education Aid for States $39 billion for school districts and public colleges, distributed through existing formulas $26.7 billion for school districts and public colleges, distributed through existing formulas (reduced from $39 billion)
  $25 billion to states for “high priority” needs, “which may include education” $9.5 billion to states for “high priority” needs, “which may include education” (reduced from $25 billion)
Infrastructure    
College/School Facilities (through Education Department) $6 billion for “higher education modernization, renovation, repair"; $1.5 billion for grants and loans to colleges, schools, and local governments for energy efficiency None (eliminated $3.5 billion to improve technology infrastructure of higher education facilities)
National Institute of Standards and Technology $300 million to construct research buildings at colleges Not included
Agricultural Research Service $209 million for facilities N/A
Computer centers (at public libraries and community colleges) Not included $200 million
Energy Department Not included $330 million for laboratory infrastructure
Scientific Research    
National Science Foundation $2 billion for research grants, $900 million for equipment and facilities, and $100 million for science education $1 billion for research grants (was $1.2 billion), $150 million for infrastructure, $50 million for education
NASA $600 million for climate change and other research $450 million for science, specifically earth science missions (was $500 million)
National Institutes of Health $1.5 billion for biomedical research, $2 billion for facilities renovation and capacity building $10 billion for biomedical research (was originally $2.7 billion); $300 million for shared equipment
Energy Department $2 billion for energy efficiency research; $2 billion for basic physical science research $100 million for advanced computer R&D
Homeland Security Not included $14 million for cybersecurity research
National Institute of Standards and Technology Not included $168 million for external grants (was $218 million)
Agriculture Department Cooperative State Research, Education and Economic Service Not included None (was $100 million for Agriculture and Food Research Institute)
Job Training $4 billion $3.4 billion
Other    
AmeriCorps Not included $200 million (was $160 million)
Teacher quality partnership grants $100 million $50 million (was $100 million)
Preparing health care workers $600 million for training primary care doctors, dentists and nurses Not included
Student Aid Administration $50 million to help Education Department administer student aid in changing student loan environment Not included
Help for Lenders $10 million for larger subsidies for lenders Not included
Arts $50 million for National Endowment for the Arts Not included
Rural distance learning and telemedicine (Agriculture Department) Not included $200 million (for $813 million in loans and $180 million in grants)
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Comments on The Senate Sheds Education Aid

  • Ouch.
  • Posted by Terry Calhoun at Society for College and University Planning (SCUP) on February 7, 2009 at 4:40pm EST
  • I hope that the House gets tough and sticks to its guns on the higher ed facilities part.

  • Posted by Kyle Johnson on February 7, 2009 at 4:40pm EST
  • I know everybody has their "pet projects" and won't be happy to see them cut, and I'm trying to understand the logic behind cutting the funding for shovel ready higher education (and K-12) construction projects. Construction work like this would create jobs that have been lost to the housing slump and would aid education in providing a better learning environment for students.

    That seems like a great double shot of stimulus that isn't now going to be happening (unless something happens during the house/senate negotiations).

    I understand the logic for most of the other cuts (even if I don't agree with them), I just don't see the logic for those two.

  • What's so hard to understand?
  • Posted by Kevin on February 8, 2009 at 5:15pm EST
  • I do not see what is hard to understand about this. The Republican complaints about the stimulus bill have absolutely nothing to do with whether parts of it will create jobs or not. The reality is is that Republicans are complaining because dollars are not going to THEIR desired targets -- super wealthy corporations. Higher education, too often (and wrongly) perceived as a partisan bastion of liberalism, is surely going to be the first thing on any Republican hit list.

  • What about the banks, Kevin?
  • Posted by Jeff on February 9, 2009 at 4:25am EST
  • Kevin, your riff about evil Republicans sabotaging Higher Ed spending in order to subsidize rich corporations would be funny if it wasn't so insanely off the mark. Did you perhaps fail to notice that Obama and his trusty "tax-free" side-kick Geithner are about to fork over hundreds of billions more to the banking industry (after the billions that Bush and Paulsen threw them last year)? If you are serious, why don't you call on Obama and both parties in Congress to slash that subsidy and steer some of it to Higher Ed? Or has Obamamania blinded you so completely that you no can longer distinguish which side your bread is actually buttered on (presuming that you in fact belong to the Higher Ed community and are not just some random troll)?