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The Outsourcing Solution

September 9, 2005

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Everyone is abuzz about the rising price of college, and the resulting student loan debt that America’s college students are accumulating. Students and their families wring their hands and complain loudly, while the politicians, for the most part, place blame and pass the buck.

As head of College Parents of America, a national membership association dedicated to advocating on behalf of current and future college parents, I would prefer to discuss solutions. One of the ways that businesses gain productivity, and save money, is by outsourcing certain functions -- an approach that colleges and universities, in searching for ways to keep their own expenses down, should consider.

Let me be clear: I am not talking about sending thousands of university jobs to India.

Instead, I am referring to the practice of contracting with an outside company to provide a service or product that otherwise might be too expensive, complicated or time-consuming for the institution to do internally. I suggest that some non-academic functions on campus could be much better, and more efficiently, accomplished by a contractor. Parents are fed up with price increases and insist that campuses operate more efficiently. In order to hold down costs without sacrificing academic quality, why shouldn't colleges outsource non-academic functions? 

What sorts of functions? Information technology is at the top of the list.  Trained technology professionals, battle-scarred from decades of creating connectivity solutions for businesses, seem uniquely well positioned to help forge similar solutions for college and universities. After all, it is on those same campuses where many of these pros were trained.  

But information technology functions are far from the only non-teaching areas that a school might consider for outsourcing.  For instance, certain back-office functions of financial aid, such as loan certification or disbursements, can be effectively outsourced and create win-win situations, where schools can save money and still serve students and their families more effectively.

Human resources is yet another function that institutions may be able to manage more effectively when outsourced. Items such as payroll services, workplace training and staffing solutions are transparent to the college or university customer, but critical to keeping the institution running smoothly. 

College Parents of America applauds any effort to reduce institutional costs; we also advocate that cost savings in non-teaching arenas be passed on to those of us who are customers of colleges and universities, namely students and their parents, in the form of lower tuition or lesser fees or, at the very least, less dramatic increases in both of those billable areas.

In addition, we believe that these dollars saved by schools should be dedicated to more human investment “in the classroom” through the recruitment and training of the best professors, and more capital investment in the “learning environment” through the building of clean, safe, technically sound structures where the ability for teachers and students to interact is mutually enhanced.

We recognize that our young people are being served by the greatest system of higher education in the world and our goal is simple: to make our system even better, while keeping it affordable for families.

And simply put, colleges could do a lot more with less by outsourcing some functions, providing a much-needed break to bill-paying parents in the process.

James A. Boyle is president of College Parents of America, a nonprofit advocacy group for parents of current and future college students.

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Comments on The Outsourcing Solution

  • outsourcing
  • Posted by Levon Chorbajian , Professor of Sociology at University of Massachusetts Lowell on September 9, 2005 at 6:45am EDT
  • These seemingly benign, 'well-intentioned' policies have already cost millions of auto, steel, chemical, rubber and workers their jobs. Now it's colleges and universities where once again on unionized campuses workers with decent wages, pension plans, and health and dental benefits will be replaced with quasi-slaves.

  • Outsourcing: who pays?
  • Posted by LM on September 9, 2005 at 7:14am EDT
  • The example of IT is interesting, since many professional computer folks will not take university jobs-- the pay is too low. Seems to me if they were paid at the going rate, prices would rise.
    I nominate instead housing and parking. Dorms should be run by outside groups who would charge students/families the going housing rates. Similarly, colleges are already charging parking on campus. Bring in (through bidding) outside parking contractors to build larger garages and parking facilities and allow them to charge to earn back their investment. Then students could park at the door of the computer labs to learn--the online course movement is rapidly outsourcing faculty too.
    But is that a university?

  • What about the slavery of college debt?
  • Posted by A.D. , Self-employed working-class on September 9, 2005 at 7:15am EDT
  • My son (PhD) currently holds a total student debt load of $60,324.00. At least 8% was for long-term support staff who didn't like their jobs and worked as slow as they could, which increased his costs and debt load.

    Any option is better than the current option, which is nothing.

  • outsourcing
  • Posted by KH , Dr. on September 9, 2005 at 8:34am EDT
  • Criticism of outsourcing is also interesting when it talks about the needs of the people whose work might be outsourced. Isn't the case, though, that other people will get the work? Are these 'others' not deserving of the work too, particularly if they can do it better? Universities are notoriously inefficient institutions (and ineffective, but we're not allowed to point that out). Is there some value for society in ensuring that it remains inefficient? Does this serve the students, parents, the community?

  • Already tried, so what are the results?
  • Posted by Sherman Dorn , Associate Professor at University of South Florida on September 9, 2005 at 8:34am EDT
  • Many colleges already try to outsource significant parts of support. What James Boyle fails to discuss is whether there is any evidence that outsourcing helps reduce costs or improve services.

    In some cases, it appears benign or at least not worse than an in-house service. In other cases, as with bookstores, outsourcing appears to contradict the idea of a university as an intellectual enterprise. In addition, outsourcing jobs at state institutions typically deprives low-wage employees an important benefit: free or reduced tuition for those who make a college education possible for others. In doing so, such institutions eliminate an important symbiosis between themselves and nearby working-class communities.

  • Yawl missin the point
  • Posted by JMG on September 9, 2005 at 9:27am EDT
  • All yawl is missin' the point.

    This is the deal: Mr. Concerned Parent wants to divide and conquer.

    He starts getting the nose of his camel under the U tent, confident that, once that's done, you'll be bedding down with camels on all sides before long.

    How? By assuring one and all at IHE -- likely faculty types -- that he's not talking about YOU, oh no ... he's jus' talking about THEM, those invisible people, so often dark complected, who do all that invisible stuff, only not as efficiently as when they have no civil service protections. It's only THEM he wants to outsource, right into the arms of the defense contractors and the "labor ready" folks who really know how to squeeze the last dime out of insecure and undocumented workers. (Whyinheck should we pay some good 'merican to clean floors on the graveyard shift when there's millions of illegals dyin' to work for peanuts and who NEVER say boo about unions or workplace safety or any of that librul crapola.)

    'Course, his claim to only be talking about THEM is a big bunch of crap. The point is to get one group of U employees to favor clubbing another to placate the angry mob that Mr. Concerned Parent purports to represent.

    Once that's done, the rest follows ... only faculty superstars deserve anything, everything else can be done more efficiently by "flexible" workers (read: adjuncts) and "innovative delivery (read: canned online courseware).

    Any U dumb enough to start down this track deserves everything they get -- although, alas, it won't be deans and whatnot who call these kinds of shots who will get what they will so richly deserve. Rather, it will be YOU, the silent mass of faculty who keep their heads down and hope that Mr. Outsourcing doesn't notice them who will pay the price.

  • Posted by DN on September 9, 2005 at 9:45am EDT
  • As an IT worker at a public university, I make substantially less than I would in private industry. Perhaps the contracting plan would get me a big fat raise?

    There may be long term support staff (and faculty) who drag their feet and slow down the process, but there are far more who are genuinely invested in the organization.

  • JMG et al
  • Posted by Kevin , Undergraduate on September 9, 2005 at 10:49am EDT
  • I think JMG et al explained the reason Universities need to start outsourcing some work - they are behaving like their purpose is to create jobs for underskilled member of the populace and advance progessive wage tricks rather than focusing on educating students and doing useful research.

    It would be a wise choice to consider having private companies who are interested in results, not grandstanding on various "social justice" issues by making their students pay wages well above market rate wages (which are set artificially high by minimum wage legislation already).

    This is part of where our massive tuition costs are going - into the pockets of various inefficiencies and "charity" on the part of the university, in which participation in these schemes is mandatory for the students.

    Its bad enough that we get brow-beaten about "social justice" in the classroom - its worse that we have to pay extra not only to be told, but so that the university can try to behave as a magical utopia in which the rules of suppy and demand do not apply.

    If you want to persue charity, do it with your own money - not that of your students (plenty of whome aren't rich as it is).

    In IT and other places, the pay and so on may not necessarily be lower - but the service is probably better organized and could be more cost effective. It's worth exploring.

    Besides, maybe this could refocus universities on what their core purpose for existance is - preparing their students for jobs (why do you think we pay you so much money? It is an investment).

  • College Town Economics
  • Posted by RW , Professor at Midwest State University on September 9, 2005 at 2:38pm EDT
  • Not relevant to all institutions, but where I teach, the University has a captive work force and pays, accordingly, below average wages to staff (and faculty, but that's another story). We have people (trailing spouses) with advanced degrees (BA, BS, MA, MS, PhD) earning $20K. IT people make below $20K. How is a private company going to perform the same work for less? Wages to staff is *not* why tuition is increasing. At my institution, in-state tuition is still quite affordable ($5K), even though it has gone up. It has gone up because state funding has gone down. We are currently owed $500 million dollars by the state, which doesn't pay because of a budget deficit. The state has budget deficiti because it receives less money from the Feds (for a variety of things). I anticipate that we'll be down to 10% funding from the state within the next decade.

  • Be careful what you wish for
  • Posted by Carol R. Anderson , Director Career Development and Placement at Milano The New School for Management and Urban Policy on September 9, 2005 at 2:41pm EDT
  • It's not just IT professionals who would earn more on a contract than employee basis; professionals in career services, human resources, communications, legal services, purchasing, fundraising, can often earn significantly more outside academe. Outsourcing makes the work "a job;" those of us who've chosen to work in a university setting very often do so in preference to a corporate environment, in some cases because we actually believe education is more important than enriching shareholders, and view the commitment as a satisfying life work, not just a paycheck.

    As noted by others, outsourcing also strips benefits, job security, and a sense of community out of the relationship between university and those doing its work; it deprives the university of institutional memory, as contracts for transactional tasks replace experienced employees who may have some investment in innovating to improve processes and who actually care about students.

    Contracting services from outside vendors also means introducing profit (for the businesses providing services) into primarily nonprofit organizations; for an analogy see the healthcare industry, where approximately 33 cents of every dollar spent on healthcare now goes to insurance companies and their managers and shareholders instead of to health care providers. The "end users," the students and parents Boyle thinks he's speaking for, will be the big losers.

    For both professional and support positions, outsourcing could well bring the worst of outcomes: worse services indifferently delivered, a lack of the institutional memory, systems redundancy and cross training necessary to provide continuity of services, at higher prices.

  • customers?
  • Posted by dan at ucla on September 9, 2005 at 2:43pm EDT
  • I didn't notice any factual demonstration of these inefficiencies the university is apparently so riddled with: anyone care to point out a few examples, with direct comparison of the (both short and long term) cost of providing identical services in a university environment by private contractors vs. university employees? (Maybe a short list of accessory social benefits and drawbacks of each scheme would help, too)

  • Why stop at staff?
  • Posted by Jan Allbright on September 9, 2005 at 2:45pm EDT
  • Why not just outsource the whole package?
    Since there are more people in India with B.S. degrees than there are people in the U.S., there must be a pot-load of Master's and Ph.D.'s there also!
    I am sure that there will be robust competition for outsourced facility positions.. hence driving the cost down even further.
    Heck, we can telecourse the entire package and get rid of the brick and mortar institutions. Why pay for the upkeep of a bunch of old ivy covered builings?

    Just think of how cheap (woops .. inexpensive) we can make a college degree!

  • Been there, tried that
  • Posted by Dr. F. Gump , Muckraking Provost at Mental Institute on September 9, 2005 at 2:45pm EDT
  • Although outsourcing has worked in many experiments, it has also had many failings. I've read that a significant percentage of IT support that was outsourced to India was recently returned to the U.S. for a variety of reasons.

    As one who's survived outsourcing experiments with security, food service, and dorm operations, I'll testify that outsourcing is a "mixed bag" at best.

    "Management" can be separated by many more miles and by more culture, making true communication much more difficult. Response time to problems takes more time, customer satisfaction goes down, etc. Of course, these problems can exist with "resident management" too.

    Outsourced management can make service cuts more easily, but cutting jobs, reducing service, etc. can also be done in-house. The real irony is, that customers always want more service at lower cost, UNLESS those customers are also employees.

    As laid off employees, many U.S. institutions (both for-profit and not-for-profit) have lost millions of customers. Is there any wonder the economy is in the shape it's in? Lay-offs mean the profit margin and stock dividends go up, and recent trends seem to suggest this happens at the same time that gross sales (consumer spending) are going down.

    Interesting equations, especially for those parents whose college students work in the dorms, caffeteria, parking services, and YES, in IT.

    Cuts both ways, eh?

  • Lets look at the data
  • Posted by Mike Sacken , prof of educ at tcu on September 9, 2005 at 3:00pm EDT
  • Outsourcing is hardly a novel idea in education, both post-secondary & pre-collegiate. I'd expect there're have been enough experiments by this time to create data to assess the promises & fears attached to this process.

    So, I'm with Prof Dorn: Before jumping into (or out of) it, lets see what results have come from various instituions, educational and otherwise, that followed this trail.

    In truth, I have a sense that savings there may be used to justify new projects & expenditures elsewhere in a university. Thus, tuition would move, as always, inexorably forward. Would this slow tuition increases? Possibly, but the ambitions of presidents and other administrators (and faculty) seem insatiable - there's always a reason for a new building, doctoral program or weight room.

    I may be way too cynical, but that reaffirms my concurrence w/ Prof Dorn's suggestions: lets see what actually has happened when outsourcing has been tried.

  • Outsourcing and Morale
  • Posted by Molly , emerita on September 9, 2005 at 4:50pm EDT
  • Been there, done that, too. Jettisoning the salaries and more important, the benefits, due long-time electricians, multi-talented clerks, custodians, IT types, groundskeepers, and food-service people may make the bottom line look "better" to the insitution's external constituents (including parents who have seen privatizing work in other environments). The costs, however, include loyalty, morale, accountability, and institutional memory. That intangible bond created by "people who work on campus" comprises services that "consumers" will certainly miss. Perhaps some constituents will expect and will demand those services when they finally figure out that nobody gives a damn anymore.

  • A 50-year trial?
  • Posted by A.D. on September 9, 2005 at 6:47pm EDT
  • ".. my concurrence w/ Prof Dorn’s suggestions: lets see what actually has happened when outsourcing has been tried."

    Great! As the current, high-cost model has been in place for 50 years -- let's give students a break and try out-sourcing for 50 years. Sounds fair to me. Thanks!

  • Outsourcing is NOT a money saver
  • Posted by K-Dub on September 9, 2005 at 6:47pm EDT
  • At best, out-sourcing is a break even enterprise, with the institution saving some time and hassle but little if any money. Almosty always the service declines in quality. The profit-motive aspect is the most troubling: outsourced textbook "bookstore" enterprises gouge students unmercifully. The dirty little secret is that many of the retail outsourcing that happens, bookstore, food service, and housing, involve a system of kick-backs where the managing for-profit company gives a percentage of the gross or not back to the college or university. Where do you think that money comes from, improved efficiency? Not usually. Usually it translates into HIGHER fees for the users - students.

  • Difference
  • Posted by Kevin , Undergraduate on September 10, 2005 at 4:14pm EDT
  • Different schools will have different inefficiencies - and it would be absurd to say that outsourcing would be positive or negative in all cases.

    Sometimes a private, focused company can provide service better than the school - this is why so many universities contract out their food service.

    If we are to pay fundraisers outside the school on commission, perhaps they could raise more funds than the traditional methods. Perhaps not. Its worth exploring the concept, rather than simply declaring that it will never work. Run some of your studies - this will be a better topic than a lot of university research.

  • Outsourcing problems
  • Posted by Kenny , PhD student at Berkeley on September 12, 2005 at 4:37am EDT
  • At my undergraduate institution, the campus database software for recording what classes students were enrolled in was replaced by a private company's human resources software. In addition to all the problems that inevitably occur whenever there's a switch, there were further problems as the outside software wasn't designed for a university. Students were required to register for classes months earlier than before in order to get financial aid, and the period in which students could add and drop classes became much shorter. If there were academic justifications for these changes that would be one thing, but in this case the changes were driven entirely (as far as I can tell) by the outsourcing. If universities should outsource certain functions, they should outsource them to companies (or individuals) that are familiar with the university environment. Universities shouldn't be forced into the mold of corporations. Especially since corporations seem to be focused more on short-term profits, while the job of the university seems (rightly) to be focused on long-term development of society's intellectual climate.

  • Dude -- the whole operation is FUBAR
  • Posted by Bart J. on September 12, 2005 at 5:33pm EDT
  • "Especially since corporations seem to be focused more on short-term profits, while the job of the university seems (rightly) to be focused on long-term development of society’s intellectual climate."

    To paraphrase Wayne Campbell ("Wayne's World") -- "Oh, yes -- the last AFSCME contract had a clause on intellectual development -- Dante will be mine."

    Having actually been inside system upgrades and academia -- both can be ugly messes. If what the writer wrote does prove true, it makes the case for new charter campuses that are ground-up new. No problems of the past, to deal with.

    For instance -- why is the traditional campus classroom empty ~50% of the time? As opposed to ~80% for the privately-owned campus?

  • So Look Happened Here
  • Posted by DJ on September 13, 2005 at 9:42pm EDT
  • Food service on our campus was outsourced years ago, and the result is poor food that is terribly overpriced. Worse yet, now there's a new level of interface management that was needed before, and the employees are minimum waged, underinsured, and sadly motivated. Since the private company still has to meet their profit margins, the cut to the university drives the prices higher and higher each year. Outsourcing is a win for the administration, not the students. Also on the chopping block are other facits of non-instructional support, but each one that has been outsourced ends up costing more in t e long run, with a decrease in the quality of service. All too often it's someone's brother-in-law who stands to make the profit from the contract going outside. There's a weakness in accountability.

  • Why doesn't someone go to the local paper? Or IHE?
  • Posted by B.J.S. on September 14, 2005 at 4:36am EDT
  • "All too often it’s someone’s brother-in-law who stands to make the profit from the contract going outside."

    What about governance? What about the board? What about leaking the info the board, or local paper? Or IHE?

    We had a case, of the 401K account management, going to a relative. The relative did such a lousy job, there was a near-riot. Problem solved.

  • Posted by CCS , adjunct instructor and college bookseller on September 15, 2005 at 8:16am EDT
  • First, U.S. institutions already outsource by hiring adjuncts to do the heavy lifting in their departments at salaries that shame the system (academic sharecropping, anyone?).

    Second,RW is absolutely right about college towns (I've lived in many): The wages are already ludicrous and many workers are grossly underemployed. They stay because of their families, a love of the academic environment, and/or a belief in the work that they do.

    Third, where's the evidence of efficiencies gained and costs reduced? If parents want to save money, stop sending your kids to pricey private institutions and elect presidents and governors who will fund public higher education.

    Finally, Prof.Dorn, what do you mean when you say outsourcing bookstores "appears to contradict the idea of a university as an intellectual enterprise"? I've worked in college bookstores with different business models (private, institutional, student co-op managed, and contract-managed) and there are good and bad examples of each.

  • privatization
  • Posted by carl stover , university professor on September 18, 2005 at 12:03am EDT
  • This is just a new locus for a debate which has been going on for decades about government. As many eaders have ponted out, privatization has costs as well as benfits. It is STUPID to ASSUME that an outside contractor will in every case be able to do the job cheaper and better than in-house staff. What is essential is to maintain viable competition so that you don't end up at the mercy of a monopoly provider. This happened to my university. We fired our food-service workers and hired a private company. Then when the contract expired, and we wanted to re-bid it, no one bid. We had to go hat in hand to the previous contractor and take his terms and prices. The same has happened again and again to the Defense Department. Indianapolis lets/makes its in-house employees bid against outside contractors. Whoever wins, wins. Indianopolis' tree-trimmers pointed out that their bid was higher because the city forced them to keep a supervisor along with the three lumberjqacks on every truck. Cut out the supervisor (which the outside cotractor did not have on every truck) and the city workers' bid was the winning bid.

  • Public
  • Posted by Kevin , Undergraduate on September 18, 2005 at 6:39am EDT
  • Public schools are no cheaper - oftentimes they waste (err, spend) more money per student than their private counterparts. However, the students and their parents don't pay - funding higher education publically just means that people who aren't in school have to pay for people who do. In most parts of America, people are getting pretty tired of this stuff - its part of the reason why Colorado passed TABOR, and its why the percentile of institutional funding coming from the government has been falling.

    Maybe you should be looking to cut costs, ineffeciencies, and union charity instead of looking to find a way to dump the responsibility for your wasteful spending on the taxpayers.

  • What is the mission of a University?
  • Posted by Al , Energy Manager at University of Connecticut on October 12, 2005 at 5:12pm EDT
  • OUTSOURCING- it is the "in-word" guru of the last decade to solve all our problems of cost containment at every industry sector or government post. Maybe when I die and go to heaven they can outsource all the accountants who have no contact with reality.
    YES, you can outsource everything at a University from the lawn service to a high paid professor ( maybe the president and trustees someday!); but what do you gain and loose. At first blush, it looks like nervana, the answer for every corporation in the world--especially the USA;but is it. The first cost, or entry cost may look fabulous on the balance sheet but the long term cost are higher; quality goes down with uncontrolled turnover of for-rent personnel;bidding for new services every few years means no consistency - no history on how a specific campus functions and it needs. It is not like a IBM which today has vast turnovers and only increases profits not by innovation or better products but by buying and selling components of world-wide companies so stocks go up. Do Universities really want to find a new firms every 2 years to learn the picularities of ones utility system and end up costing more because of re-inventing the wheel. Maybe the educational system could go on the AMEX as "for profit only". The people that propose such ideas don't expect to be there in five years and are only building a resume of quickie economics; but after they go we have to pay the piper.
    If a University want to really increase profits than just close the doors, sell all the property and offer a pure WEB education ---who needs a campus, classroom, consistent & considerate administration,expensive O&M cost. Just have the students send in the checks made out to: Big Brother U and no socialization is needed. Just pop off those degrees like hot cakes. Just think, we could even outsource the WEB education to whatever 3rd world nation that is creative and maybe--just maybe--this land of ours will end up a third world nation too!