News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
May 18, 2006
Hey! You! On the Spellings Commission. You’re wonking out on us. No squabbling. Enough on white papers.
Vedder!Duderstadt!Vest! You’re missing the easy stuff. Like I told you in Boston: Fix the FAFSA. Can’t you all agree on that one? No greater barrier stands between the poor and a higher education, no greater obstacle, no greater hurdle than the Free Application for Federal Student Aid. (Which students also need for state aid. And private, too.)
Imagine the headline: “New Form Puts 10,000 More Students In College, With No Increase in Aid Funding.” Impossible? Not even close. I asked a few of my favorite design experts if the nation can fix this FAFSA mess.
“Why not make the FAFSA a pleasurable and welcoming application process?” says Jane Fulton Suri of the design firm Ideo. Ideo blinks at nothing, taking on such problems as new processes to extend the life of kidneys en route to recipients. “You could design FAFSA without any compromise of loan credit and other identity issues. And you’d even make these more enjoyable for the form recipients to process, too.”
“Why should someone have to fill out this form at all?” asks Mark Schindler of visual i/o. The firm has clarified complicated subjects from baseball stats to financial markets. “All an applicant should have to do is signal his or her intention to apply for a grant and at most point to the information needed — tax information, credit history.”
“The FAFSA seems to be above all a test of visual acuity, recordkeeping ability, transcribing, and fluency in bureaucratic legalese,” Schindler says. “Anyone filling it out can only say, ‘I have no idea how the machine crunches the data into a meaningful answer about whether I can afford college. If I make the slightest misstep, I am screwed and it could impact the next year or more of my life. I may never know how I messed up.’ ”
Take a look. Yes, you reading here. Look at the form and come right back.
Back?
Who wouldn’t flee that page? Yes, I know. Millions of middle- and upper-class families survive. Those are not the students shut out of the work force for this century. The issue isn’t about Mac or Windows, or cable modems versus dial-up. I asked Mary L. Fifield, president of Bunker Hill Community College, about the everyday barriers of a typical student. “Students right now are trying to find the $1.25 to take the bus to class today,” she says. Or deciding between the bus ride and the next meal.
Consider the opening question from FAFSA for these students. (All gibberish guaranteed accurate, from the actual forms. Remember the Bunker Hill students.)
Gather the documents you need.
Start with your Social Security number, driver’s license, income tax return, bank statements and investment records.
Not handy? OK. Take some of the paperwork home. FAFSA is only online now. Assumes, then, that everyone has a computer and printer handy. Try the FAFSA on the Web Worksheet.
If you read English, you can locate Spanish versions. Printed out, the FAFSA on the Web Worksheet is eight pages — that’s six more than the IRS 1040 PDF download.
My favorite FAFSA moment is the second bullet point on Section 1 of the Worksheet, under Student Information:
This is the Web, not Gutenberg and hand set metal type. Why not revise the Worksheet to match the actual FAFSA?
No mention anywhere of education or any benefits from all this work. The fifth question for students:
Have you ever been convicted of possessing or selling illegal drugs? A federal law suspends eligibility for some students with drug convictions. Answer “No” if you have no convictions. Also answer “No” if you have a conviction that was not a federal or state conviction. Do not count convictions that have been removed from your record, or that occurred before you turned 18 years old unless you were tried as an adult.
If “Yes,” you can complete an interactive e-worksheet when you complete the FAFSA online, or you can print a worksheet at www.fafsa.ed.gov/q31wksht67.pdf. Based on the worksheet question, you will be able to answer whether you are eligible for federal aid when you complete your FAFSA online.
That’s from a left hand column. Right column under the “Yes” box says, “If you have a conviction for possessing or selling illegal drugs, you should submit your FAFSA anyway. You may be eligible for non-federal aid from state or private sources.” Remember, the person filling this out has not been to college.
That’s not all. How about:
Records of untaxed income, such as Social Security benefits, welfare benefits (e.g., TANF), and veterans benefits, for yourself, and your parents if you are providing parent information; non-2006-2006 State Grant recipients in degree programs — May 1, 2006. All other applicants — August 1, 2006
“The FAFSA asks for too much information, or perhaps for the wrong type of information, reflecting a systemic point of view that’s cocked,” says Peter Agoos of Agoos D-Zines. “The info really needed is simple: How much do you earn from work? How much do you earn from other sources? How much do you spend for housing, food, transportation, and utilities? How many people do you support? Period.”
My recent FAFSA experience was helping a young student I met through my church this winter. Her parents are hotel workers, slogging, legally, through immigration bureaucracies. No thanks to misinformation spewed from her public high school, Cambridge (Mass.) Rindge and Latin, Wheaton College (Mass.) did accept her. No idea about the funding yet. FAFSA and attendant issues for this young woman have so far confounded two lawyers, an M.B.A., and a banker. Plus the minister gathering and re-gathering information and praying.
The FAFSA site does have a demo. I tried.
To access the demo site, go to http://fafsademo.test.ed.gov. The user name is eddemo, and the password is fafsatest. The demo site is available in both English and Spanish.
Next, a barrage of dialogue boxes and flashing signs. Finally settled at:
FAFSA on the Web has encountered an error. This could be due to normal maintenance. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause. Select Home Page to return to the FAFSA on the Web main page.
I still don’t know the deadline for the form. The form lists the 33 states that have known deadlines. Those in other states just need to follow these guidelines:
Check with the school’s financial aid administrator for these states and territories: AL, *AS, CO, *CT, *FM, GA, *GU, *HI, ID, *MH, *MP, MS, *NE, *NM, *NV, PR, *PW, *SD, *TX, UT, *VA, *VI, *VT, WA, WI, and *WY the U.S. Department of Education.
Terrific grammar. The high school? The state where you want to go to school? Why not one date for a federal form?
Clicking back to the FAFSA home page, this exhortation transforms to a taunt:
Funds for college are at historic highs.See message from Secretary Spellings.
Is the FAFSA design to keep some people out? It doesn’t take a Grassy Knoll Theorist to see conspiracies.
“Nobody’s to blame for this kind of mess, but it happens all the time,” an organizational expert, Barry Stein, told me. “Who was asked to do what? The tech guys have their own sense of expertise, they want to show people how good they are and how many features and links you can put in.” He thought for a moment. “Have you read The Mystery of Capital, by Hernando deSoto? It’s about how these systems no one thinks about make it impossible for the poor to get capital. He looks at what we would consider simple transactions.”
With my iBook and high-speed internet, I saw that the book (Basic Books, 2000) was “Available” at the library down the street. I went.
Figure 2.1, p. 19: “Procedure to form a legally obtained home in Peru. The procedure consists of 5 stages. The first one alone has 207 steps.”
Commissioners – How many steps for FAFSA? In an information economy, isn’t information capital? And education?
This merciless odyssey begins with the simple Google to www.fafsa.ed.gov. Where else would a student begin? Only later, I did find a friendlier site: http://studentaid.ed.gov/PORTALSWebApp/students/english/index.jsp.
What are we, this nation, saying to those students, motivated to go to school, who are deciding right now between the bus to school and dinner?
What did that cat say? With my iBook and my access and Google, easy to check with Lewis Carroll:
Alice: Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?
The Cat: That depends a good deal on where you want to get to.
Alice: I don’t much care where.
The Cat: Then it doesn’t much matter which way you go.
Alice: ...as long as I get somewhere.
The Cat: Oh, you’re sure to do that, if only you walk long enough.
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I recently filled out the form for my daughter, a junior at Temple. I can confirm every point made in this article. The FAFSA form is so complicated that I wonder why Intuit or some Microsoft have not produced a product like TurboTax to help people fill out the form. Still, to have the online version and the “paper” version so different is bizarre. I had to print out everything, fill out the boxes by hand, double check them and then go back to fill out the form online. Then, when I discovered that I had made a mistake after I had submitted it, I had to go wait for days until I could have permission to revisit the form. The number of times I had to fill out web forms asking for my daughter’s SS number, her birthdate, her PIN and the same information about me was mind-boggling. There is no question that this whole FAFSA process is a deterrent to applicants. I have a PhD and have been a professor for 28 years and I had trouble filling this out. I cannot imagine how someone with a high school education would be able to master it. Maybe the first piece of advice the FAFSA website should give isn’t to assemble your documents but to hire a specialist in this mumbo-jumbo.
Arthur Hochner, Associate Professor at Temple University, at 10:00 am EDT on May 18, 2006
Our Financial Aid Office has the paper version of the worksheet for students to fill out and will help the students understand the process.On another note, it is not just students who do not understand the FAFSA process. Some parents who I attend church with did not realize that FAFSA has to be renewed annually. They thought you only had to fill it out once for the entire time their child was in college. If it hadn’t been for another parent who has been through the process, they would have missed the deadline. There needs to be better communication by FAFSA and college Financial Aid Centers as to regulations and deadlines.
Demetra, CSP student, at 10:00 am EDT on May 18, 2006
Kudos to you for this article, but I fear it’s part of a wider problem, one that goes far beyond just the educational system. Bureaucracy is out of control, and nowhere is it more out of control than where it affects the lives of the poorest citizens, who can’t afford accounts and lawyers and secretaries to sort it all out. Look at a public assistance form one day. Look at the forms you need to fill out to get SSI. For that matter, look at Virginia’s state tax under-estimated payment penalty form, which I (a lawyer!) had to seek an extension to figure out.
Paul Gowder, at 10:00 am EDT on May 18, 2006
Oh boy did this bring back memories of wading through this misery when our two kids went to college. And then there was a separate, equally daunting form for private schools ("how much did you pay for your boat?” was one of the questions, as I recall). Doing the 1040 was a pleasure compared to this. What sadist designed this form, anyway? People who design forms should not ask for EVERY piece of information just because they CAN. Just ask for what you need!
sue, at 10:25 am EDT on May 18, 2006
Two more questions really need fixing: Mother and Father’s highestlevel of education completion. College to my students means an AA degree. College to the federal government means a BA or better.It makes a big difference
Clara Fitzpatrick, at 11:05 am EDT on May 18, 2006
Well, I guess I have been in this business too long. But really the FAFSFA, with all the valid inditements listed, is really easier. At least now there is only one form and it is free. Once upon a time there were three—CSS, ACT, BEOG—all except BEOG you had the pleasure to pay a fee. All essentially called for the same information. The real problem, in addition to completing the form, was which one did the individual college accept, CSS or ACT. Most scholls did not use the BEOG form for antthing but BEOG—forgot to mention the Basic Educational Opportunity Grant is now the PELL Grant. Also, for the Federally Insured Student Loan, now the Federal Family Loan Programs, there was a short needs analysis form which utilized the IRS tax return—AGI-number of exemptions x exemption allowance-standard deduction allowance=value converted to contribution from look-up table. Fairly simple.Lastly, simplification of the FAFSA does not in of it self simplify the financial aid application process. Unles the rules of the game are changed and the several hundred pages of rules and regulations are also simplified, we are only cosmetically simplifing the process. What would have been asked and required on the FAFSA is only pushed down to the instiutional level to be gathered (translate more forms often in duplicate for students applying to multiple institutions)in order for the school to be in compliance. Alas, nothing is streamlined, nothing is fixed. Fixing a part without fixing the whole system does not translate to simplification.
ROB, Executive Director, at 11:05 am EDT on May 18, 2006
While this commentary makes some valid points about the complexity of the financial aid application process, it fails to recognize a key point — complexity is not what is keeping college-qualified, high school graduates from low-income families out of college. Financial barriers and record levels of work-loan burden are. Certainly the FAFSA can and should be simplified — but the notion that this is the major barrier standing between college-qualified, high school graduates and enrollment and persistence is way off. In addition, the commentary does not reflect an understanding of what drives the questions that are on the FAFSA. These questions are derived from two sources — the need analysis formula written in Title IV of the Higher Education Act and questions states need to drive their own financial aid programs. Taking state questions off the form could lead to increased complexity by pushing some states to create their own forms, thereby forcing students to complete two forms instead of one. In addition, taking other questions off the form requires a change in legislation, and also could result in redistributive effects and increased program costs. While this may be necessary, it is not ED’s decision to do so. Finally, the commentary erroneously states that there is only an on-line FAFSA available to students. While close to 90 percent of students submit their FAFSAs on-line, a paper FAFSA is still also produced every year.
Nicole, at 12:05 pm EDT on May 18, 2006
Fixing the FAFSA form is just the tip of the iceberg. The underlying assumptions are completely out of step with reality in 21st century America. How many people are aware that Federal financial aid rules assume that all students come from an intact nuclear family? How many are aware that Federal financial aid rules assume that step-parents are responsible for their step-children’s college bills while deadbeat parents get off scot free? How many people are aware that your ability to pay is calculated on what you earned over a year ago? Lost your job since then? Too damn bad. Pay anyway.
Deborah, at 12:05 pm EDT on May 18, 2006
I work at an Educational Opportunity Center in MA. Our offices are located throughout the U.S. and are funded by a federal grant. Our office alone helps students complete about sixteen FAFSA’s or Profiles a day as well as inform students about the college application process and help with career choice. We are staffed with the equivalent of two full time counselors.
For more information, you can visit:http://www.ed.gov/programs/trioeoc/index.html
Unfortunately, demand for our help exceeds the supply. Our programs have been “level-funded” for a few years now. Just our office’s statistics prove that we enroll, help retain and graduate over one thousand students a year.
Diane, Educational Advisor at Educational Opportunity Center, at 7:30 pm EDT on May 18, 2006
Just use the paper form. I do.
Jane, at 10:25 pm EDT on May 18, 2006
I refer folks back to this essay for an even easier fix for the FAFSA:
http://www.insidehighered.com/views/2005/02/04/frishberg1
Dr. E., University Financial Aid at Johns Hopkins University, at 4:35 am EDT on May 19, 2006
FAFSA is really a full employment act for the Financial Aid industry. I don’t think the form itself is nearly as complex as the article states, but I do agree that it asks many questions needlessly and requires far too much preparation to complete.
Most of the important data on the form is already available to the U.S government if we could only get the various parts of our government to actually COMMUNICATE with each other. Very simply, the FAFSA is used to calculate an “EFC", expected family contribution, which is the key to dispensing all Title IV federal aid.
The data used for this calculation already exist within the IRS for taxpaying families, or within HHS, or SSA, in cases where family income is derived from some government source. Also, many questions on the FAFSA are asked for no apparent purpose. WHY do they need to know my parents education levels? WHY do they need to know if the filer could have filed a 1040A form?
The real problem and the real reason for this whole multi-billion dollar industry is because we just can’t seem to get the feds to speak to each other..and that’s a real shame because it drives up the cost of government needlessly. The whole system wastes our precious tax dollars which should be used for actually educating students.
Getting an EFC for a student whould be an automatic process within the Department of Education using data that already exists in the agencies I mentioned. The whole FAFSA process is needless and does not really measure the true economic status of many students...of course, if they fixed the system, I’d be out of work!
feudi pandola, at 9:15 am EDT on May 19, 2006
“The real problem and the real reason for this whole multi-billion dollar industry is because we just can’t seem to get the feds to speak to each other..”
Every time federal or state agencies start trying to speak to each other , ie. share data, civil liberty types and privacy advocates start screaming about “big brother, big brother!”
Yep, much of the data collected on the FAFSA is available in the bowels of the IRS...unfortunately, it is walled off by federal law to limit access...and the IRS has not quite computerized everything. For example, dependent SSNs are not entered into the database from the tax forms, thus redundant matching to ensure the right FAFSA with the right tax returns is impossible.
Terry M., at 2:10 pm EDT on May 24, 2006
The argument that the application would be simpler if federal and state agencies communicated better is not truly accurate.
Most of the tax information (AGI, taxes paid, EIC) is not available from the IRS at the time the FAFSA needs to be completed (Most colleges need the information well before April 15). Additionally, the federal methodology for determining EFC requires information from beyond the traditional federal and state tax returns.
The federal methodology was developed and has grown over the years to address ethically challenged methods of temporarily increasing a families eligibility for aid, to fix percieved social wrongs, and to support new aid programs with goals beyond college access.
What really needs to be undertaken is a complete overhaul of the federal financial aid programs.
A simpler program, designed to ensure college access is not denied because of a lack of financial resources, is the real answer.
David, University of Miami, at 12:20 pm EDT on May 25, 2006
When I completed my son’s FAFSA it appeared I should sell my Investment Property and replace my $180,000 home with a $800,000 one. That wouldn’t count against my net worth, but the hard earned investments did. Wonder how many parents have figured that out.
Jadie, College Student Parent, at 5:10 pm EDT on October 24, 2006
Wick Sloane...YOU ARE RIGHT ON! It has taken 3 adults in a household of 2 parents with 2.5 degrees and other credentials, one parent graduating 1/2 point from being valedictorian, an academically gifted child (the applicant) with future goals of medicine now going on our 3rd year of the fafsa (and putting it off this year for dread here we go again!), and hours of our valuable time for this government form.
Why should we have to go run to the financial aid office to assist us in our filling it out? Why should a family member have to submit this info to someone in the office who will know our children’s and our personal business? Our kids don’t even know our business. Sometimes we don’t know theirs. The words on the street is “stay outta my bizness.” Even kids receiving free or reduced lunch k-12 don’t have to worry who knows their bizness or face embarrassment at their poor plight with their peers!
Good grief, Turbo Tax is better and should be a prototype of an on-line product for this financial aid. Those without computers can use the ones at a community college lab or a public library, but suppose someone accidentally or purposely acquires their personal financial family business on a public computer? Hello, out there....can anyone say IDENTITY THEFT?!
But what else can we expect with the government cradle to grave attitude. Big brother knows so much now. They own us all.
Try watching applicants filling out a 10 page form for a Section 8 voucher. These people desperately needing financial aid for school or their families to have a place to lay their heads down at night are less educated and socialized like the rest of us. How much time does a financial aid officer have for thousands of students to figure out their FAFSA?! The paper form is just as bad and the same on-line. How many trips does a prospective student have to make to the college (should one be going locally) to complete this monster with an officer?! Get real!
If enough of us speak up and protest, then we will see relief. Any one ready for the college sit-ins and riots of the baby boomers during Viet Nam? Stop invading our privacy and making us try to locate all our personal information when it’s been a long time since we had to use it for something. This is worse than getting on a flight at the airport.
Give us families a break and those less fortunate than we. What happened to the days when our families came over on the boat to Ellis Island? College kids today, for the most part, know more about Brittany Spears and Anna Nicole Smith and the rest of the Hollywood bunch then they know the 10 Commandments or the names of the 3 branches of government and who is the vice president of the United States. Give them this fafsa to fill out? I don’t think so! Our taxpapers money at work!
Dee, at 10:00 pm EST on February 24, 2007
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Financial Aid Services
Colleges and universities that utilize our services offer a great benefit to their applicants in navigating through the FAFSA. We will walk students through the FAFSA, monitor their application, call the student if they are not progressing and appear stuck, answer any questions, gather missing documents, and explain their award letter. Plus we are available for them to call anytime from 8am-midnight M-F and 8-4pm on Saturdays. Students love the help and the convenient hours.
Sandra Kemp, Global Financial Aid Services, at 9:35 am EDT on May 18, 2006