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Universities in the United States derived modestly more income from research innovations they licensed in 2011 than they did in 2010, as the sputtering economy continued to constrain the market for startups and other investment, an annual survey by the Association of University Technology Managers has found.
The survey, to which 157 colleges and universities responded (along with several dozen hospitals and other research entities), also showed that the number of patents issued to the institutions rose by 6.9 percent, to 4,296 from 4,018, and that the number of startup companies that emerged from their research products stayed roughly constant, at 617 compared to 2010's 613.
As has been true for each of the past several years, Northwestern University brought in more licensing dollars from its research than did any other institution, at $191.5 million, with the University of California system a close second.
A table showing key data from the AUTM report can be found below. More information about the full report can be found on the association's website.
University Licensing Activity, 2011
Institution | 2011 Research Expenditures | 2011 Patents Issued | 2011 Startups | 2011 Licensing Income |
Northwestern U. | $484,149,349 | 67 | 8 | $191,541,162 |
U. of California System | 5,418,601,941 | 343 | 58 | 182,049,620 |
Columbia U. | 714,343,087 | 88 | 15 | 146,319,455 |
New York U. | 430,752,000 | 64 | 9 | 142,202,157 |
Princeton U. | 192,940,000 | 33 | 4 | 115,206,000 |
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT) | 1,490,429,000 | 174 | 25 | 76,120,000 |
U. of Washington/Wash. Res. Fdn. | 966,817,063 | 70 | 9 | 67,362,185 |
Stanford U. | 66,797,246 | |||
U. of Texas System | 2,546,669,877 | 156 | 20 | 65,359,377 |
U. of Wisconsin-Madison/WARF | 1,111,641,832 | 156 | 4 | 57,730,000 |
Wake Forest U. | 187,598,965 | 15 | 3 | 45,733,291 |
U. of Rochester | 407,244,000 | 27 | 2 | 41,813,373 |
U. of Utah | 410,305,757 | 47 | 19 | 37,054,745 |
U. of Massachusetts | 586,708,000 | 64 | 1 | 35,048,951 |
U. of Florida | 559,156,034 | 86 | 12 | 29,493,522 |
California Inst. of Technology | 498,688,951 | 132 | 10 | 29,043,617 |
Mount Sinai School of Medicine | 362,742,541 | 13 | 0 | 25,919,937 |
Duke U. | 854,368,058 | 52 | 5 | 24,481,478 |
Institutions Submitting Confidentially | 883,552,512 | 58 | 7 | 20,498,757 |
U. of Illinois Chicago Urbana | 926,497,000 | 93 | 21 | 17,424,376 |
U. of Nebraska | 368,331,834 | 23 | 5 | 16,752,176 |
Emory U. | 496,433,864 | 16 | 6 | 15,899,109 |
U. of Michigan | 1,236,510,624 | 87 | 11 | 15,608,697 |
Johns Hopkins U. | 1,517,905,000 | 58 | 11 | 15,285,555 |
U. of Pennsylvania | 940,218,000 | 68 | 8 | 14,397,705 |
Harvard U. | 833,200,000 | 60 | 9 | 13,811,527 |
Research Foundation of State U. of New York | 940,516,702 | 64 | 8 | 12,564,412 |
Louisiana State U. System | 413,044,000 | 20 | 4 | 11,620,443 |
Iowa State U. | 300,393,610 | 25 | 2 | 11,307,534 |
Indiana U. (ARTI) | 454,075,880 | 18 | 7 | 11,125,616 |
U. of Minnesota | 808,281,000 | 41 | 9 | 10,078,505 |
Vanderbilt U. | 543,110,182 | 31 | 0 | 9,959,122 |
Baylor College of Medicine | 373,381,000 | 12 | 2 | 9,925,000 |
Texas A&M U. System | 705,720,000 | 18 | 4 | 9,264,041 |
U. of Houston | 113,709,000 | 20 | 1 | 8,861,112 |
U. of Chicago/UCTech | 405,833,199 | 20 | 3 | 8,673,127 |
Cornell U. | 795,968,323 | 82 | 10 | 8,503,975 |
U. of Oregon | 124,655,159 | 5 | 1 | 8,014,503 |
Georgetown U. | 460,937,804 | 11 | 2 | 7,996,668 |
U. of Missouri all campuses | 323,768,602 | 33 | 5 | 7,760,779 |
U. of Virginia Patent Fdn. | 292,106,000 | 37 | 6 | 6,891,374 |
U. of Georgia | 245,166,000 | 28 | 4 | 6,866,280 |
U. of Alabama-Birmingham Research Fdn. | 503,698,000 | 12 | 5 | 6,676,056 |
Dartmouth College | 129,009,772 | 21 | 2 | 6,474,957 |
Case Western Reserve U. | 335,151,000 | 24 | 4 | 6,303,230 |
U. of Iowa Research Fdn. | 443,893,000 | 31 | 2 | 6,284,927 |
Rutgers The State U. of NJ | 473,159,000 | 30 | 8 | 5,978,693 |
Purdue Research Fdn. | 600,477,000 | 57 | 7 | 5,836,669 |
Washington U. of St. Louis | 617,646,000 | 26 | 2 | 5,371,218 |
U. of Southern California | 604,000,000 | 52 | 6 | 5,301,725 |
North Carolina State U. | 378,154,000 | 51 | 4 | 5,186,844 |
Carnegie Mellon U. | 251,241,000 | 30 | 10 | 4,965,856 |
Loyola U. of Chicago | 42,708,007 | 0 | 0 | 4,571,145 |
Albert Einstein College of Med/Yeshiva U. | 183,514,082 | 14 | 1 | 4,356,987 |
Georgia Inst. of Technology | 714,760,299 | 79 | 5 | 3,894,370 |
U. of Pittsburgh | 801,236,000 | 37 | 2 | 3,880,594 |
U. of Colorado | 790,000,000 | 37 | 11 | 3,870,111 |
Michigan State U. | 356,765,036 | 38 | 1 | 3,615,627 |
Oregon State U. | 228,814,000 | 9 | 2 | 3,542,646 |
Brigham Young U. | 31,443,918 | 3 | 4 | 3,442,516 |
Tulane U. | 147,716,395 | 5 | 3 | 3,208,650 |
U. of New Mexico/Sci. & Tech. Corp. | 220,565,787 | 30 | 5 | 3,095,933 |
Penn State U. | 804,789,000 | 37 | 5 | 2,947,261 |
U. of South Carolina | 114,853,516 | 10 | 3 | 2,901,036 |
Tufts U. | 167,580,282 | 16 | 2 | 2,446,595 |
U. of South Alabama | 42,233,000 | 0 | 2 | 2,400,157 |
North Dakota State U. | 134,063,862 | 14 | 2 | 1,930,120 |
Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties Inc. | 247,777,462 | 26 | 1 | 1,815,665 |
Oklahoma State U. | 190,925,888 | 7 | 1 | 1,691,535 |
Kansas State U. Research Fdn. | 124,587,415 | 4 | 0 | 1,562,758 |
U. of Kentucky Research Fdn. | 252,048,000 | 26 | 7 | 1,544,664 |
U. of North Carolina Chapel Hill | 762,649,004 | 33 | 7 | 1,482,520 |
Florida State U. | 206,964,109 | 36 | 4 | 1,467,981 |
Ohio State U. | 823,125,558 | 30 | 6 | 1,420,007 |
Johns Hopkins U. Applied Physics Laboratory | 1,076,699,823 | 13 | 1 | 1,404,556 |
U. of South Florida | 400,679,000 | 91 | 8 | 1,390,871 |
U. of Tennessee | 321,943,518 | 18 | 0 | 1,348,175 |
Colorado State U. | 330,783,824 | 17 | 5 | 1,311,129 |
U. System of Maryland | 1,065,903,428 | 77 | 6 | 1,299,608 |
South Dakota State U. | 63,975,967 | 0 | 0 | 1,283,837 |
Temple U. | 136,858,186 | 2 | 2 | 1,245,272 |
Virginia Commonwealth U. | 207,756,000 | 10 | 2 | 1,229,000 |
Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst. | 71,700,842 | 13 | 2 | 1,160,735 |
Boston U./Boston Medical Ctr. | 15 | 2 | 1,081,568 | |
Arizona State U. | 355,214,540 | 18 | 10 | 1,059,372 |
U. of Miami | 350,020,000 | 7 | 3 | 1,052,731 |
U. of Alabama in Huntsville | 83,769,182 | 3 | 4 | 1,043,045 |
U. of Arizona | 610,565,000 | 19 | 8 | 981,495 |
Clemson U. | 91,969,027 | 22 | 2 | 937,274 |
U. of Arkansas Fayetteville | 120,007,162 | 8 | 2 | 901,106 |
U. of Oklahoma All Campuses | 170,568,209 | 31 | 3 | 852,177 |
Thomas Jefferson Univ | 100,452,376 | 9 | 0 | 837,912 |
U. of Kansas | 232,249,198 | 8 | 4 | 836,407 |
U. of Toledo | 74,149,000 | 5 | 2 | 793,008 |
Utah State U. | 174,167,000 | 9 | 3 | 775,112 |
U. of Connecticut | 162,682,433 | 18 | 757,360 | |
U. of Arkansas for Medical Sciences | 84,206,000 | 15 | 2 | 735,841 |
Wayne State U. | 257,207,000 | 13 | 4 | 727,113 |
Southern Illinois U. | 36,261,292 | 5 | 677,204 | |
Auburn U. | 163,335,000 | 17 | 3 | 630,334 |
U. of Notre Dame | 134,410,396 | 10 | 1 | 559,262 |
East Carolina U. | 28,995,000 | 4 | 0 | 557,354 |
Washington State U. Research Fdn. | 201,041,674 | 17 | 4 | 548,439 |
San Diego State U. | 145,180,658 | 2 | 4 | 530,738 |
U. of Central Florida | 109,189,000 | 76 | 2 | 500,966 |
Medical U. of South Carolina | 201,076,102 | 7 | 2 | 431,242 |
U. of Cincinnati | 249,918,470 | 12 | 3 | 431,104 |
Medical College of Wisconsin Research Fdn. | 161,151,167 | 8 | 2 | 426,035 |
U. of New Hampshire | 125,020,503 | 7 | 0 | 397,832 |
Kent State U. | 27,455,000 | 10 | 2 | 360,037 |
Mississippi State U. | 226,070,000 | 3 | 5 | 336,436 |
U. of Vermont | 128,246,463 | 13 | 3 | 319,482 |
U. of Delaware | 134,363,000 | 1 | 301,199 | |
Michigan Technological U. | 70,088,629 | 4 | 3 | 296,448 |
Drexel U. | 114,859,517 | 24 | 2 | 292,827 |
U. of Idaho | 96,228,831 | 6 | 0 | 289,990 |
U. of Hawaii | 286,313,039 | 0 | 2 | 282,858 |
U. of Akron | 69,593,449 | 10 | 2 | 278,648 |
U. of Mississippi | 61,173,000 | 5 | 271,744 | |
New Jersey Inst. of Technology | 100,491,000 | 31 | 3 | 267,917 |
Rice U. | 122,219,899 | 84 | 3 | 249,111 |
Montana State U. | 102,767,291 | 8 | 0 | 227,342 |
U. of Louisville | 197,438,000 | 13 | 154,809 | |
West Virginia U. | 103,599,977 | 4 | 0 | 148,531 |
Georgia Health Sciences U. | 73,485,693 | 0 | 1 | 148,090 |
Miami U. | 26,093,000 | 1 | 1 | 130,055 |
George Mason U. | 91,556,982 | 29 | 4 | 123,372 |
Colorado School of Mines | 46,700,070 | 4 | 2 | 120,000 |
U. of Nevada at Reno | 89,740,000 | 9 | 0 | 117,000 |
U. of North Texas Health Science Ctr. | 41,549,340 | 1 | 1 | 78,475 |
U. of Dayton Research Inst. | 89,921,738 | 16 | 0 | 70,229 |
Portland State U. | 64,800,000 | 4 | 0 | 69,281 |
Lehigh U. | 43,584,269 | 5 | 0 | 63,310 |
U. of North Carolina at Greensboro | 35,604,104 | 0 | 1 | 51,274 |
U. of South Dakota | 34,000,000 | 0 | 50,000 | |
Northern Arizona U. | 30,785,000 | 0 | 0 | 42,684 |
Boston College | 42,075,693 | 4 | 2 | 41,316 |
U. of Montana | 63,857,146 | 3 | 0 | 34,155 |
Louisiana Tech U. | 27,583,000 | 7 | 0 | 31,500 |
Northern Illinois U. | 23,866,445 | 2 | 0 | 30,373 |
U. of North Carolina Charlotte | 29,829,730 | 10 | 3 | 28,592 |
U. of Alaska | 105,500,000 | 0 | 0 | 25,000 |
New Mexico State U. | 119,795,451 | 2 | 1 | 21,982 |
Eastern Virginia Medical School | 36,569,000 | 0 | 1 | 15,000 |
Florida International U. | 84,162,535 | 3 | 0 | 12,351 |
U. of Alabama | 53,633,000 | 3 | 0 | 8,593 |
Wright State U. | 48,501 | 3 | 0 | 4,835 |
Bowling Green State U. | 8,021,973 | 5 | 0 | 2,290 |
Boise State U. | 24,204,099 | 7 | 0 | 500 |
Oregon Health & Science U. | 334,499,983 | 12 | 3 | 0 |
Duquesne U. | 15,243,000 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
Idaho State U. | 18,195,432 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
U. of West Florida | 15,538,928 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Baylor U. | 12,343,000 | 0 | 0 | |
Totals | $55,074,821,326 | 4,296 | 617 | $1,813,968,412 |
Source: Association of University Technology Managers