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The five world leaders in terms of absolute investment in research and development are the United States, China, Japan, Germany and South Korea, but the ranking changes in relation to investment in research and development as a percentage of gross domestic product. South Korea is the leader in that respect, dedicating 4.3 percent of its GDP to research and development, followed by Israel (4.1 percent), Japan (3.6 percent), Finland (3.2 percent) and Sweden (also 3.2 percent).

That’s all according to a new online data tool released by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's Institute for Statistics. The United States, the overall leader in research and development spending, devotes 2.7 percent of its GDP to research and development.