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April 19, 2025

It’s All About the Benjamins

Too many new presidents get to the job and discover: Oops! We’re broke!

By  Rachel Toor

The Sandbox

Inside Higher Ed Insider
Image of dollar bills

From Rachel Toor

After I confessed I don’t donate to my alma mater (with its $40 billion endowment), a former fundraiser delivered a smackdown, asking if I was “really clueless when it comes to the value of alumni participation … to the success of our institutions and yes, your favorite subject, their presidents?”

Among the faulty assumptions in her email, that last phrase kept nagging at me. Presidents aren’t my “favorite subject”—they’re the explicit focus of this newsletter. There’s a crucial difference.

Before I was asked to take on this task, the college presidency seemed like an impossible job—high stakes, high stress, and low appreciation. Who would choose such a path? I was genuinely curious. And the deeper I dug, the more I realized how little I (and most people) understood about the reality of the role.

The co-creator of the best show currently on TV, The Pitt, R. Scott Gemmill, said something in an interview that resonated: “‘What is the one thing you want people to know that they don’t know about your profession?’ It’s shining a light on a situation so everyone realizes how tenuous it can be. There’s already a health-care crisis, but there’s an even bigger one looming.” 

Sound familiar?

Noah Wyle brilliantly enacts the emotional toll of being in charge of a hospital ER, just as many of the presidents I talk to disclose, in confidence, their own occasional meltdowns in the face of the current crises.

Critics have described The Pitt as “competence porn”—showing skilled professionals navigating impossible situations with expertise and humanity. That’s what I hope we’re doing here. Not because presidents are my pet interest, but because understanding their challenges offers insight into how our institutions actually function.

Or don’t. At this point, I’ve heard a lot of similar stories. I often ask new presidents about changes they’ve made to the executive team, about who on campus they can talk honestly to, and about money.

In far too many cases, there have been unpleasant surprises. A newly minted president shows up on campus ready to lead the institution into a bright future. Then comes the closed-door meeting with someone who slides over a folder and says, “There’s something you should see.”

The worst is when finances are a freaking disaster. Maybe the board didn’t fully disclose the real problems. Maybe they were clueless themselves. Maybe no one bothered to file taxes for a few years. Or perhaps the endowment has been treated like a trust-fund kid’s emergency credit card.

Often aspiring presidents say they didn’t know to ask the right questions, even if doing so means they might not be hired. That matters because once you’re in the president’s chair, those financial problems become yours.

That’s why I’m particularly grateful this week to share some advice from Kara Freeman, a fantastic and generous expert.

Kara D. Freeman, president and CEO, National Association of College and University Business Officers

There is an emotional side to almost every major life decision, be it a relationship, investment, or relocation. The process often involves excitement, the glow of possibility, and—finally—the need for practical action.

This is certainly true for individuals considering a college or university presidency. There is the excitement of initial contact and the halo of possibilities as one considers the prestige of leading an established institution. But how do you make that clear-eyed decision to invest your time and talent and potentially make a physical move to another part of the country?

As president of NACUBO, I am often asked by friends and colleagues in these situations, “How can you determine the overall financial health of a college or university? Are there any key indicators I should know?”

There is a world of public data to consult when evaluating the financial health of individual colleges and universities. From annual financial reports and debt and bond ratings to IRS forms and IPEDS information, the numbers tell a story—what is it?

As a candidate, you should avail yourself of the public information that you can obtain. Certainly, the budget for a college or university would be one of the first places to look. But, in my experience, as you review the overall finances of an institution, there are four key financial indicators for determining its financial health:

  1. Cash Balances and Short-Term Obligations: Does the institution consistently have enough cash on hand to meet its regular obligations, such as payroll and payments to vendors? You need to review this data over time, because it can fluctuate throughout the calendar year. For example, cash on hand can be lowest at the end of the academic year in June but will rebound toward the fall as tuition is paid. Is there a pattern and does it make sense?
  2. Short-Term/Long-Term Debt and Lines of Credit: Is debt increasing or decreasing over all? Is there prudent use of debt—such as for strategic investment in facilities or technology—or is it just covering short-term obligations? Has there been extensive use of temporary lines of credit? If so, are those being paid down?
  3. Basic Operating Expenses: Are revenues consistently covering expenses over time? What are the trends? Is net tuition revenue increasing or flat? If there are deficits, are there plans to address them and are they realistic? Accounting practices for public institutions can sometimes make answering these questions more difficult, but the data can be found.
  4. Endowment Spending: Is the average annual draw on the endowment steady? What is the money used for? Are there extra/additional draws from the endowment? If so, why? Have there been requests to release formerly restricted funds from the endowment? These all can present red flags for an institution.

With each indicator, you need to determine the trends over time—at least three years.

Of course, there are many other questions you should ask institutional leadership: How does athletics work in the campus budget? What is the level of deferred maintenance and what is the plan to address it? How are auxiliaries managed? Governance is especially important—what is the relationship between institutional leadership and the board and its committees? But I believe the four indicators above provide the key to determining the financial health of an institution.

The current political and policy environment also forces many new questions. For example, does the university have a robust research program or aspirational research goals? If so, are the goals reasonable and will the research enterprise be sustainable given the proposals we are seeing from the current administration?

All these questions might be difficult, but the answers are important. And as you evaluate your decision, consider whether those answers are reasonable or not. This is where the glow of possibility meets clear-eyed reality.

https://moderncampus.com/the-5g-learner

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The Sandbox

Not your typical weekly newsletter. This is a space where presidents and chancellors can say what they really think without fear. Everyone is welcome to read, but only those who have been in the top job can submit to us. The Sandbox, by Rachel Toor, is an exclusive benefit of our paid Insider membership program.

 

 

The Sandbox Archive

A Proposal for Fundraising

October 10, 2026

The Worst of Times: FY 2025–26

October 3, 2026

Hiring a Leadership Team

September 26, 2026

The Real Text Messages of Lady Presidents

September 19, 2026

Retreat Rights

September 12, 2026
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